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1.
Antimicrob Agents Chemother ; 67(12): e0082923, 2023 12 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37962334

RESUMO

Isavuconazole (ISA) is approved for treating invasive aspergillosis and mucormycosis in adults, but its use in children remains off-label. We report on the use of ISA in real-world pediatric practice with 15 patients receiving ISA for treatment of invasive fungal infections. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) was performed in all patients, with 52/111 (46.8%) Ctrough determinations out of range, thus supporting the need for TDM in children, especially those receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO).


Assuntos
Aspergilose , Infecções Fúngicas Invasivas , Adulto , Humanos , Criança , Antifúngicos/uso terapêutico , Monitoramento de Medicamentos , Triazóis/uso terapêutico , Aspergilose/tratamento farmacológico , Nitrilas/uso terapêutico , Infecções Fúngicas Invasivas/tratamento farmacológico
4.
Enferm. infecc. microbiol. clín. (Ed. impr.) ; 38(3): 111-118, mar. 2020. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-200604

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) is a life-threatening condition in immunocompromised children. Our aim is to analyze the epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of PJP cases in our setting, describing the prognosis and related risk factors. METHODS: Retrospective study including all pediatric patients (≤ 18 years) with PJP admitted to our hospital (January 1989-December 2016). Case definition: patient with acute pneumonitis and P.jirovecii detection in bronchoalveolar lavage or tracheal aspirate using methenamine silver or direct antibody fluorescence staining, or Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction. RESULTS: Twenty-five cases (0.9 cases/year) were identified. Median age was 2.2 years (interquartile range: 0.5-12.3), 64% were male, and 12% were receiving appropriate antimicrobial prophylaxis. Cytomegalovirus coinfection was detected in 26% cases. The most common underlying diseases were primary immunodeficiencies (36%) and 16% were human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children. Eighteen were admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and overall 30-day mortality was 20% (31.25% in HIV non-infected vs 0% in HIV-infected patients; OR: 0.33, 95% CI: 0.02-7.24, p = 0.55). Clinical outcome was worse in girls and those patients requiring adjuvant steroid therapy. HIV non-infected patients, higher initial LDH, younger age and shorter time elapsed between diagnosis of PJP and the underlying disease were identified as risk factors to be admitted to the PICU (p = 0.05, p = 0.026, p = 0.04 and p = 0.001 respectively). CONCLUSION: Accompanying the widespread use of combined antiretroviral therapy, PJP has been diagnosed almost exclusively in HIV non-infected children at our institution. Moreover, significant higher morbidity rates associated with PJP are seen in this group of patients


INTRODUCCIÓN: La neumonía por Pneumocystis jirovecii (PJP) es una enfermedad potencialmente letal en niños inmunocomprometidos. Nuestro objetivo es analizar las características epidemiológicas y clínicas de la PJP, describiendo el pronóstico y los factores de riesgo. MÉTODOS: Estudio retrospectivo (enero 1989-diciembre 2016) de pacientes pediátricos (≤ 18 años) con PJP. Definición de caso: paciente con neumonitis aguda y detección de P. jirovecii en lavado broncolaveolar o aspirado traqueal usando tinción con plata-metenamina o inmunofluorescencia directa, o reacción en cadena de polimerasa en tiempo real. RESULTADOS: Se identificaron veinticinco casos (0,9 casos/año); edad mediana: 2,2 años (rango intercuartílico: 0,5-12,3), 64% de sexo masculino, y 12% bajo profilaxis anti-PJP. La coinfección por citomegalovirus se demostró en el 26%. Las enfermedades subyacentes más frecuentes fueron las inmunodeficiencias primarias (36%) y el 16% estaban infectados por el VIH. Dieciocho ingresaron en Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos (UCIP) y la mortalidad global a los 30 días fue del 20% (31,25% en VIH- vs 0% VIH + ; OR: 0,33 95%CI 0,02-7,24 p = 0,55). El pronóstico fue peor en niñas y en aquellos que recibieron tratamiento adyuvante con corticoides. Se identificaron como factores de riesgo para ingreso en UCIP la ausencia de infección por VIH, valores iniciales elevados de LDH, menor edad y un período más corto entre el diagnóstico de PJP y la enfermedad subyacente (p = 0,05, p = 0,026, p = 0,04 y p = 0,001, respectivamente). CONCLUSIONES: Tras la aplicación generalizada de la terapia antirretroviral, la PJP se diagnostica casi exclusivamente en niños no infectados por el VIH en los que, además, se identificó una mayor morbilidad


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Pneumonia por Pneumocystis/epidemiologia , Pneumonia por Pneumocystis/microbiologia , Hospedeiro Imunocomprometido , Pneumocystis carinii , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Líquido da Lavagem Broncoalveolar/microbiologia , Técnica Direta de Fluorescência para Anticorpo , Pneumonia por Pneumocystis/diagnóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Prognóstico
5.
Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin (Engl Ed) ; 38(3): 111-118, 2020 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31272810

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) is a life-threatening condition in immunocompromised children. Our aim is to analyze the epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of PJP cases in our setting, describing the prognosis and related risk factors. METHODS: Retrospective study including all pediatric patients (≤18 years) with PJP admitted to our hospital (January 1989-December 2016). Case definition: patient with acute pneumonitis and P.jirovecii detection in bronchoalveolar lavage or tracheal aspirate using methenamine silver or direct antibody fluorescence staining, or Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction. RESULTS: Twenty-five cases (0.9 cases/year) were identified. Median age was 2.2 years (interquartile range: 0.5-12.3), 64% were male, and 12% were receiving appropriate antimicrobial prophylaxis. Cytomegalovirus coinfection was detected in 26% cases. The most common underlying diseases were primary immunodeficiencies (36%) and 16% were human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children. Eighteen were admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and overall 30-day mortality was 20% (31.25% in HIV non-infected vs 0% in HIV-infected patients; OR: 0.33, 95% CI: 0.02-7.24, p=0.55). Clinical outcome was worse in girls and those patients requiring adjuvant steroid therapy. HIV non-infected patients, higher initial LDH, younger age and shorter time elapsed between diagnosis of PJP and the underlying disease were identified as risk factors to be admitted to the PICU (p=0.05, p=0.026, p=0.04 and p=0.001 respectively). CONCLUSION: Accompanying the widespread use of combined antiretroviral therapy, PJP has been diagnosed almost exclusively in HIV non-infected children at our institution. Moreover, significant higher morbidity rates associated with PJP are seen in this group of patients.


Assuntos
Coinfecção , Pneumocystis carinii , Pneumonia por Pneumocystis , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Infecções por Citomegalovirus/epidemiologia , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Humanos , Hospedeiro Imunocomprometido , Lactente , Masculino , Pneumonia por Pneumocystis/epidemiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos
6.
Pediatr Qual Saf ; 2(1): e009, 2017.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30229149

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: This study objective was to identify, select, and define a basic set of quality indicators for pediatric intensive care in Spain. METHODS: (1) Review of the literature to identify quality indicators and their defining elements and (2) selection of indicators by consensus of a group of experts using basic Delphi methodology (2 rounds) and forms distributed by email among experts from the Spanish society of pediatric intensive care. RESULTS: We selected quality indicators according to their relevance and feasibility and the experts' agreement on their incorporation in the final set. We included only those indicators whose assessment was within the highest tertile and greater than or equal to 70% evaluator agreement in the final selection. Starting from an initially proposed set of 136 indicators, 31 experts first selected 43 indicators for inclusion in the second round. Twenty indicators were selected for the final set. This "top 20" set comprised 9 process indicators, 9 of results (especially treatment-associated adverse effects), and 2 indicators of structure. Several of them are classical indicators in intensive care medicine (rates of hospital-acquired infections, pressure ulcers, etc.), whereas others are specifically pediatric (eg, unrestricted parent visitation or training the parents of technology-dependent children). CONCLUSIONS: We reached a consensus on a set of 20 essential quality indicators for pediatric intensive care in Spain. A significant subset reflects the peculiarities of pediatric care. We consider this subset as a starting point for future projects of network collaboration between pediatric intensive care units in Spain.

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