[Differences and similarities between the competencies of a nursing supervisor and an advanced clinical nurse specialist]. / Diferencias y similitudes entre las competencias de una supervisora de enfermería y una enfermera clínica especialista.

INTRODUCTION: With the aim of contributing to the development of a more specific professional regulation, the present study was to identify differences and similarities between the competencies of the nursing supervisor and clinical nurse specialist in an intensive care unit. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A critical analysis of the literature published between 2003 and 2013 was conducted, identified through systematic searches in electronic databases, health management and practitioner journals and reference lists of the 17 items included. RESULTS: «Management and administration¼ and «direct clinical practice¼ were identified as specific competencies of nursing supervisor and clinical nurse specialist respectively. «Collaboration¼, «leadership¼ and «research¼ emerged as competencies shared by both profiles, but with different a operationalization way of conducting it. CONCLUSIONS: These findings imply that regulation, education and implementation of these profiles must address their specific skills as the distinctive approach taken in operationalizing shared.

[The role of occupational context factors in medication administration errors]. / Factores del entorno de trabajo que influyen en la ocurrencia de errores de administración de medicación.

BACKGROUND: The incidence of medication administration errors (MAE) is high and costly for patients and health institutions. Human factors and factors relating to the work context intervene in their occurrence. The aim of this article is to identify the role of factors in the work setting related to occurrence of MAEs in the hospital field. METHODS: A narrative review of the literature. Eight articles were included following a review of MEDLINE, CINAHL and COCHRANE LIBRARY databases for the 2002-2012 period. RESULTS: Distractions and interruptions, work overload, design of units and characteristics of the material stood out amongst the work context factors intervening in the occurrence of medication administration errors. CONCLUSIONS: The creation of organizational artefacts to reduce interruptions; patient involvement in medication administration; the introduction of new technologies and improving the labelling of medications can help reduce the incidence of medication administration errors. To advance in identifying and managing factors that are precursors of medication administration errors, we recommend the carrying out of studies or reviews of prospective cohorts.