Lung Ultrasound Scores Progress Differently in Extreme and Very Preterm Infants after Birth: A Multicentre Prospective Study.

INTRODUCTION: The lung ultrasound score (LUS) has been suggested to predict moderate-severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (msBPD) in preterm infants. We aimed to assess LUS evolution after birth in preterm infants and the effect of gestational age. METHODS: This multicentre prospective observational study was performed with newborns born before 33 weeks of gestation. We created two groups: group 1 (23-27 weeks) and group 2 (28-32 weeks). We compared LUSs between the groups from birth until 36 weeks of postmenstrual age, and we estimated the LUS evolution in each group with a linear multilevel mixed-effects regression model. The effects of the need for surfactant or an msBPD diagnosis were also studied. RESULTS: We included 339 patients: 122 (36%) in group 1 and 217 (64%) in group 2. The infants in group 1 showed a steady progression in the LUS from birth until 4 weeks of age and a subsequent decrease; the infants in group 2 showed a progressive decrease in the LUS throughout the study. This progression varied significantly in the first weeks of life in infants who required surfactant at birth and after the first week of life in the patients diagnosed with msBPD. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSIONS: Extremely preterm infants showed persistently high LUSs during the first weeks of life, regardless of the progression to msBPD. In this group, the infants who did not require surfactant at birth exhibited an increase in their LUSs after the first week until their values were equal to the remaining infants in their group.

Terapia prenatal con sulfato de magnesio: evolución clínica de los recién nacidos pretérmino menores de 29 semanas y correlación con la magnesemia neonatal / Prenatal treatment with magnesium sulphate: initial clinical outcomes in pre-term infants less than 29 weeks and correlation with neonatal magnesium levels

INTRODUCCIÓN: La administración prenatal de MgSO4ha mostrado su eficacia en reducir la parálisis cerebral y la disfunción motora severa a los 2 años de edad. El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar la evolución clínica inicial de los neonatos menores de 29 semanas, que han recibido prenatalmente MgS04 con indicación neuroprotectora y dilucidar la asociación entre la dosis de magnesio administrada a la madre y las concentraciones de magnesio en suero neonatal. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio prospectivo de cohortes en el que se incluyó a los neonatos menores de 29 semanas ingresados en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales del Hospital Universitario de Vigo desde diciembre del 2012 hasta julio del 2015. Análisis comparativo de resultados perinatales, de morbimortalidad neonatal y magnesemia entre el grupo expuesto prenatalmente al sulfato de magnesio y un grupo control. RESULTADOS: Se incluyó a un total de 42 recién nacidos, en 28 de los cuales sus madres habían recibido MgSO4. Se encontró significación estadística en la variable mortalidad. No hubo diferencias significativas en el resto de las variables estudiadas. Se obtuvo una correlación significativa entre la dosis total de MgSO4 recibida por la madre y los niveles de magnesio del recién nacido en las primeras 24 h de vida (r2 0,436; p < 0,001). CONCLUSIONES: Se ha obtenido una menor mortalidad en el grupo expuesto a MgS04. No se han encontrado efectos secundarios significativos derivados de la administración de MgS04. La dosis de MgSO4 recibida por las madres tiene una relación lineal con los niveles de magnesio obtenidos en los recién nacidos

INTRODUCTION: Antenatal magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) administration has shown to be effective in minimising cerebral palsy and severe motor dysfunction at the age of 2 years. The aim of this study is to analyse the initial clinical outcome of preterm neonates less than 29 weeks who have received prenatal MgSO4, as well as to determine the relationship between the magnesium dose delivered to the mother and the magnesium concentration in the neonates. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective cohort study was conducted on neonates of less than 29 weeks gestation admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of Hospital Universitario de Vigo from December 2012 to July 2015. Comparative analysis was performed on the perinatal outcomes, neonatal morbidity, mortality, and magnesium levels between the groups of neonates exposed to magnesium sulphate and the control group. RESULTS: A total of 42 neonates were included in the study. The mothers of 28 of them had received MgSO4 as a neuroprotective agent. Statistical significance was obtained in the mortality variable. There were no significant differences in the rest of studied variables. There was a significant correlation between the full dose of MgSO4 received by the mother and the levels of magnesium in the neonate in the first 24hours of life (r2 0.436; P<.001). CONCLUSIONS: A lower mortality was observed in the group that had been exposed to MgS04. No significant side effects were found as a result of administering of MgS04. The MgS04 dose received by mother has a linear relationship with the magnesium levels obtained in neonates

[Prenatal treatment with magnesium sulphate: Initial clinical outcomes in pre-term infants less than 29 weeks and correlation with neonatal magnesium levels]. / Terapia prenatal con sulfato de magnesio: evolución clínica de los recién nacidos pretérmino menores de 29 semanas y correlación con la magnesemia neonatal.

INTRODUCTION: Antenatal magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) administration has shown to be effective in minimising cerebral palsy and severe motor dysfunction at the age of 2 years. The aim of this study is to analyse the initial clinical outcome of preterm neonates less than 29 weeks who have received prenatal MgSO4, as well as to determine the relationship between the magnesium dose delivered to the mother and the magnesium concentration in the neonates. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective cohort study was conducted on neonates of less than 29 weeks gestation admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of Hospital Universitario de Vigo from December 2012 to July 2015. Comparative analysis was performed on the perinatal outcomes, neonatal morbidity, mortality, and magnesium levels between the groups of neonates exposed to magnesium sulphate and the control group. RESULTS: A total of 42 neonates were included in the study. The mothers of 28 of them had received MgSO4 as a neuroprotective agent. Statistical significance was obtained in the mortality variable. There were no significant differences in the rest of studied variables. There was a significant correlation between the full dose of MgSO4 received by the mother and the levels of magnesium in the neonate in the first 24hours of life (r2 0.436; P<.001). CONCLUSIONS: A lower mortality was observed in the group that had been exposed to MgS04. No significant side effects were found as a result of administering of MgS04. The MgS04 dose received by mother has a linear relationship with the magnesium levels obtained in neonates.

Congenital defect of the atlas and axis. A cause of misdiagnose when evaluating an acute neck trauma.

Congenital absence of the posterior arch of the atlas (C1) is rare and even more presenting with a double spinous apophysis of the axis (C2). It is important to keep in mind these cervical congenital abnormalities when evaluating an acute neck trauma because of the possibility of making an erroneous diagnosis of a fracture. This case report is about a 13-year-old boy in the context of a traffic accident who presented both abnormalities, a combination that to our knowledge has not been reported previously in the literature.