Multi-classifier based on hard instances- new method for prediction of human immunodeficiency virus drug resistance.

There are several classification problems, which are difficult to solve using a single classifier because of the complexity of the decision boundary. Whereas a wide variety of multiple classifier systems have been built with the purpose of improving the recognition process, there is no universal method performing the best. This paper provides a review of different multi-classifiers and some application of them. Also it is shown a novel model of combining classifiers and its application to predicting human immunodeficiency virus drug resistance from genotype. The proposal is based on the use of different classifier models. It clusters the dataset considering the performance of the base classifiers. The system learns how to decide from the groups, by using a meta-classifier, which are the best classifiers for a given pattern. The proposed model is compared with well-known classifier ensembles and individual classifiers as well resulting the novel model in similar or even better performance.

Effect of calcium on the hemolytic activity of Stichodactyla helianthus toxin sticholysin II on human erythrocytes.

Sticholysin II (St II) is a toxin from the sea anemona Stichodactyla helianthus that produces erythrocytes lysis at low concentration and its activity depends on the presence of calcium. Calcium may act modifying toxin interaction with erythrocyte membranes or activating cellular processes which may result in a modified St II lytic action. In this study we are reporting that, in the presence of external K(+), extracellular calcium decreased St II activity on erythrocytes. On the other hand an increase of intracellular calcium promotes Sty II lytic activity. The effect of intracellular calcium was specifically studied in relation to membrane lipid translocation elicited by scramblases and how this action influence St II lytic activity on erythrocytes. We used 0.5 mmol/L calcium and 10 mmol/L A23187, as calcium ionophore, for scramblases activation and found increased St II activity associated to increase of intracellular calcium. N-ethyl maleimide (activator) and 4,4'-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonate (inhibitor) were used as scramblases modulators in the assays which produced an increase and a decrease of the calcium effect, respectively. Results reported suggest an improved St II membrane pore-forming capacity promoted by intracellular calcium associated to membrane phospholipids translocation.

Epilepsia de ausencia de inicio precoz: a propósito de un caso / Premature start absence epilepsy: by the way of a case

Se presenta un caso de epilepsia de ausencia de inicio antes de los 2 años de edad, que requirió múltiples drogas antiepilépticas. Se revisa la bibliografía sobre el tema y se profundiza en las actuales variaciones de los criterios diagnósticos en relación con los síndromes de ausencia epiléptica y las variantes de presentación que pueden ser causa de errores diagnósticos y terapéuticos. Se confirma el importante papel de la monitorización electroencefalográfica y videoelectroencefalográfica como herramienta diagnóstica en las epilepsias de presentación poco común en la infancia. Se revisan los factores etiológicos polimórficos actuales, el papel de los canales iónicos y el uso de las drogas antiepilépticas en la ausencia infantil(AU)

A case of absence epilepsy that began before the second year of life and required many antiepileptic drugs was presented. A literature review was made on this topic, delving into the present variations of diagnostic criteria related to epileptic absence syndromes and their various presentations that may derive from diagnostic and therapeutical mistakes. The important role of electroencephalographic and videoelectroencephalographic monitoring as a diagnosing tool in rare epilepsies in childhood was confirmed. The present etiological polymorphic factors, the role of ion channels and the use of antiepileptic drugs in infantile absence epilepsy were reviewed(AU)

Epilepsia de ausencia de inicio precoz: a propósito de un caso / Premature start absence epilepsy: by the way of a case

Se presenta un caso de epilepsia de ausencia de inicio antes de los 2 años de edad, que requirió múltiples drogas antiepilépticas. Se revisa la bibliografía sobre el tema y se profundiza en las actuales variaciones de los criterios diagnósticos en relación con los síndromes de ausencia epiléptica y las variantes de presentación que pueden ser causa de errores diagnósticos y terapéuticos. Se confirma el importante papel de la monitorización electroencefalográfica y videoelectroencefalográfica como herramienta diagnóstica en las epilepsias de presentación poco común en la infancia. Se revisan los factores etiológicos polimórficos actuales, el papel de los canales iónicos y el uso de las drogas antiepilépticas en la ausencia infantil.

A case of absence epilepsy that began before the second year of life and required many antiepileptic drugs was presented. A literature review was made on this topic, delving into the present variations of diagnostic criteria related to epileptic absence syndromes and their various presentations that may derive from diagnostic and therapeutical mistakes. The important role of electroencephalographic and videoelectroencephalographic monitoring as a diagnosing tool in rare epilepsies in childhood was confirmed. The present etiological polymorphic factors, the role of ion channels and the use of antiepileptic drugs in infantile absence epilepsy were reviewed.

[Psychological factors contributing to asthma in asthmatic children and adolescents and their parents]. / Factores psicológicos que contribuyen al asma en niños y adolescentes asmáticos y sus padres.

INTRODUCTION: Nowadays, psychosocial risk factors may contribute to asthma-related problems among children, adolescents and family members; such disorders are described in this article. METHODS: A descriptive study, which included 50 children and their parents who took part in the educational program of Hospital Pediátrico Universitario Juan Manuel Márquez from 1997 to 1999, was performed. A survey, designed to establish psychological factors in children during both generally and symptom exacerbations, activities carried out with or without symptoms, and parental attitudes during illness episodes, was given to each one of the participants. Values were expressed in percentages. We used the Crosstabs to explore the relationships among variables. RESULTS: Anxiety, among other psychological stressors, prevailed in children (92%). Day-to-day activities were seriously affected in children with and without symptoms of illness: play 58%, exercise 60%. Children who received less parental support had severe persistent asthma, up to 20%. CONCLUSION: Symptoms severity is associated with child well-being and negative attitudes of parents.

Funciones cognitivas y epilepsia

El propósito de esta revisión es realizar una actualización acerca de los trastornos cognoscitivos más frecuentes en los pacientes epilépticos. Aunque muchos epilépticos mantienen sus capacidades intelectuales y llevan un estilo de vida normal, otros pacientes no son tan afortunados y sufren un impacto directo sobre las funciones cognoscitivas y/o la conducta. La detención o regresión en el desarrollo, dificultades en el aprendizaje o una marcada fluctuación en las habilidades cognoscitivas pueden ser los síntomas de presentación. La disfunción neuropsicológica en niños con epilepsia tiene diversas causas interrelacionadas, incluyendo factores orgánicos, factores relacionados con la enfermedad (etiología de la epilepsia, edad de inicio, frecuencia y tipo de las crisis, duración de la enfermedad, las descargas subclínicas epileptiformes) y con el tratamiento. Las funciones cognoscitivas más afectadas por la epilepsia son: memoria, atención, funciones ejecutivas y lenguaje(AU)