Taxonomy of the genus Calamotropha Zeller (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Crambinae) from China.

Thirty species of the genus Calamotropha Zeller, 1863 from China are reviewed. Five species are described as new: C. bleszynskii Kim & Li, sp. nov., C. duovirgata Kim & Li, sp. nov., C. nigerifera Kim & Li, sp. nov., C. parallela Kim & Li, sp. nov. and C. parvispina Kim & Li, sp. nov.; two species are newly recorded for China: C. alcesta Bleszynski, 1961 and C. punctivenella (Hampson, 1896). The female of C. sperlingi Li, 2019 is described for the first time. Calamotropha multicornuella Chen & Song, 2002 syn. nov. is synonymized with C. sienkiewiczi Bleszynski, 1961, and C. sawtoothella Chen & Song, 2002 syn. nov. is synonymized with C. latella (Snellen, 1890). Images of adults and genitalia of 28 known species with available specimens are provided, except images of genitalia provided by Li & Li in 2012. A key to the known Calamotropha species in China is included.

Two new species and one newly recorded species of the genus Chilo Zincken, 1817 (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) from China, with a list of Chinese species.

Three species of the genus Chilo are studied in China. Chilo argenteus sp. nov. collected from Yunnan and C. sinuafasciata sp. nov. collected from Hainan are described as new in science. Chilo partellus (Swinhoe, 1885) is newly recorded for the Chinese fauna. Images of adults and genitalia of the three species are provided. A list of 19 known Chilo species in China is included.

Nine Mitochondrial Genomes of the Pyraloidea and Their Phylogenetic Implications (Lepidoptera).

The Pyraloidea is one of the species-rich superfamilies of Lepidoptera and contains numerous economically important pest species that cause great loss in crop production. Here, we sequenced and annotated nine complete mitogenomes for Pyraloidea, and further performed various phylogenetic analyses, to improve our understanding of mitogenomic evolution and phylogeny of this superfamily. The nine mitogenomes were circular, double-stranded molecules, with the lengths ranging from 15,214 bp to 15,422 bp, which are comparable to other reported pyraloid mitogenomes in size. Gene content and arrangement were highly conserved and are typical of Lepidoptera. Based on the hitherto most extensive mitogenomic sampling, our various resulting trees showed generally congruent topologies among pyraloid subfamilies, which are almost in accordance with previous multilocus studies, indicating the suitability of mitogenomes in inferring high-level relationships of Pyraloidea. However, nodes linking subfamilies in the "non-PS clade" were not completely resolved in terms of unstable topologies or low supports, and future investigations are needed with increased taxon sampling and molecular data. Unexpectedly, Orybina Snellen, represented in a molecular phylogenetic investigation for the first time, was robustly placed as basal to the remaining Pyralidae taxa across our analyses, rather than nested in Pyralinae of Pyralidae as morphologically defined. This novel finding highlights the need to reevaluate Orybina monophyly and its phylogenetic position by incorporating additional molecular and morphological evidence.

The First Mitogenomes of the Subfamily Odontiinae (Lepidoptera, Crambidae) and Phylogenetic Analysis of Pyraloidea.

The complete mitochondrial genomes of three species of Odontiinae were newly sequenced: Dausara latiterminalis Yoshiyasu, Heortia vitessoides (Moore), and Pseudonoorda nigropunctalis (Hampson). These circular and double-stranded mitogenomes vary from 15,084 bp to 15,237 bp in size, including 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), two ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs), and 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs) and an A + T-rich region. The nucleotide composition indicated a strong A/T bias. Most PCGs are initiated with an ATN codon and terminated by a codon of TAR. All tRNAs could be folded into the clover-leaf structure with the exception of trnS1 (AGN), in which the dihydrouridine (DHU) arm formed a simple loop, and the motif 'ATAG' and 'ATTTA' in the A + T-rich region was also founded. The phylogenomic analyses covering Odontiinae + 11 subfamilies of Pyraloidea were conducted. Similar topologies were generated from both Bayesian inference (BI) and maximum likelihood (ML) analyses based on the nucleotide and amino acid sequence data. There was some discrepancy in the sister-group relationship of Odontiinae and Glaphyriinae, and the relationships among the subfamilies in the 'CAMMSS clade' of the Crambidae. The results of this study suggest that mitogenomic data are useful for resolving the deep-level relationships of Pyraloidea and the topologies generated from amino acid data might be more realistic and reliable. Moreover, more mitogenomic taxon sampling and larger scale analyses with more genes or a combination of mitogenomic and nuclear genes are needed to reconstruct a comprehensive framework of the pyraloid phylogeny.

A new species of Minooa Yamanaka, 1996 (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae) from Xizang, China.

A new species of the genus Minooa Yamanaka, 1996 is described from Xizang Autonomous Region, China. Minooa longisacca sp. nov. can be easily distinguished from its congeners in the male genitalia by the sclerotized, short, bifurcated process at the base of the sacculus and the medial ridge connecting the apex of sacculus and base of costa of valva dentate and with a short thorn-like process at apex of ridge. DNA barcodes of all the Chinese species are provided along with illustrations of adult and genitalia and an updated key to all the species of Minooa worldwide.

Taxonomic review of the genus Lista Walker, 1859 from China (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae, Epipaschiinae), with descriptions of five new species.

The genus Lista Walker, 1859 from China is reviewed. Of the eighteen species treated, five species are described as new: L. furcellata Li Rong, sp. nov., L. serrata Li Rong, sp. nov., L. strumiformis Li Rong, sp. nov., L. yunnanensis Li Rong, sp. nov. and L. zhengi Li Rong, sp. nov. Photographs of adults and genitalia of the new speices are provided. A key based on male genitalia to all Chinese species is provided.

Taxonomic study of genus Peucela Ragonot, 1891 (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae) in China, with descriptions of three new species.

The genus Peucela Ragonot, 1891 from China is revised. Three species are described as new to science, P. acutativalva sp. nov., P. baishanzuensis sp. nov., and P. nigra sp. nov. In addition, P. olivalis comb. nov. is newly combined. Photographs of adults, and male and female genitalia are provided. A key to the species of Peucela in China is also provided.

Genus Vietnamodes Leraut, 2017 (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae) new to China, with description of a new species.

Three species of Vietnamodes are revised from China. Among them, Vietnamodes unicispina Qi et Li, sp. nov. is described as new to science. In addition, the female of V. dogueti Leraut, 2017 is described for the first time. V. dogueti Leraut, 2017 and V. adelinae Leraut, 2017 are newly recorded from China. Photographs of adults and male and female genitalia are provided, along with keys to the species of Vietnamodes in China.

A new species of Sternitta Fibiger, 2011 (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Hypenodinae, Micronoctuini) from Cambodia.

Fibiger (2011) established the genus Sternitta in the Micronoctuidae, with Sternitta gregerseni Fibiger, 2011 from Nepal as the type species. The Micronoctuidae are currently treated as a tribe (Micronoctuini) within the Hypenodinae, and include over 400 described species. To date, the genus Sternitta (Micronoctuini: Micronoctuina) consists of seven species: S. goateri Fibiger, 2011 in Afghanistan; S. hackeri Fibiger, 2011 and S. gabori Fibiger, 2011 in Pakistan; S. parasuffuscalis Fibiger, 2011, S. suffuscalis (Swinhoe, 1886), S. gabori Fibiger, 2011 and S. magna Fibiger, 2011 in India; S. suffuscalis (Swinhoe, 1886) in Sri Lanka and S. gregerseni Fibiger, 2011 only in Nepal (Swinhoe 1886; Fibiger 2011). The genus Sternitta was considered by Fibiger to be among the more primitive micronoctuine genera, and it can be recognized by the sclerotized 8th abdominal sternite with prominent dorsal and ventral processes and, in the male genitalia of most species, by the divided ampulla into dorsal and ventral plates and by the dorsal spinelike processes on the anellus. In the present paper, the new species Sternitta mondulkiriensis sp. n. is described from Cambodia with habitus and male genitalia illustrated and compared with those of S. suffuscalis (Swinhoe, 1886). An updated checklist and a key to all the species are included.

Four new species of the genus Agrotera Schrank, 1802 (Pyraloidea: Crambidae: Spilomelinae) from Hainan Island.

Four new species of the genus Agrotera Schrank, 1802 are described from Hainan Island: A. dentata sp. nov., A. protensa sp. nov., A. aculeata sp. nov. and A. robustispina sp. nov. Photographs of adults and genitalia are provided.

A study on Roeslerstammiidae (Lepidoptera) in the Insect Collection of Nankai University (NKU), with descriptions of three new species.

The specimens of Roeslerstammiidae deposited in the Insect Collection of Nankai University have been reviewed. A total of five species are involved. Three new species are described from Southwest China, Agriothera quadrativalva sp. nov., A. microtricha sp. nov. and Telethera declivimarginata sp. nov. Agriothera elaeocarpophaga Moriuti, 1978 is recorded from mainland China for the first time. Photographs of adults and genitalia are given, along with a key to Chinese species.

Taxonomic study of the genus Fujimacia Marumo, 1939 (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in China, with descriptions of four new species.

The species of the genus Fujimacia Marumo, 1939 are revised from China. Among them, F. cornutiprocera Qi Li, sp. nov., F. dayaoensis Qi Li, sp. nov., F. gracilenta Qi Li, sp. nov. and F. longispinosa Qi Li, sp. nov. are described as new to science. Illustrations of adults and genitalia are provided along with keys to the Fujimacia species in China.

A description of three new species of the genus Alienia Fibiger, 2011 from Southeast Asia (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Hypenodinae: Micronoctuini).

The genus Alienia Fibiger, 2011 of the tribe Micronoctuini of Hypenodinae is revised. Two new species: Alienia fibigeri sp.n. and Alienia cambodiaa sp.n. are described from Cambodia; a new species, Alienia laosa sp.n. from Laos described. A key for identification of Alienia based on male genitalia is present. The adult and genitalia of the new species are illustrated.

Minooa Yamanaka, 1996, a genus newly recorded to China with description of a new species (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae, Pyralinae).

The genus Minooa Yamanaka, 1996 was monobasic with Minooa yamamotoi Yamanaka, 1996 as the type species. Previously, the genus was only recorded from Japan (Yamanaka 1996; Yamanaka & Yoshiyasu 2013). The diagnostic characters of this genus are as follows: antenna of male ciliated ventrally, simple in female; forewing M1 stalked with R3+4+5 for short distance, M2 and M3 stalked for 1/4 length; hindwing with Rs and M1 stalked, M2 and M3 stalked for 1/4 length; male genitalia with a long process arising from base of sacculus; aedeagus with several thorn-shaped cornuti; female genitalia with ductus bursae broadened and wrinkled posteriorly; signum formed by minute sclerites.

Taxonomic study of the genus Assara Walker (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae, Phycitinae) in NE China, with description of a new species.

Four species of the genus Assara Walker, 1863 are revised from NE China. Among them, Assara yanbianensis Bae & Qi sp. n. is described as new to science and A. terebrella (Zincken, 1818) is newly recorded from China. A key to the NE Chinese species of the genus Assara with illustrations of adults and genitalia are presented.