Emerging role of RNF2 in cancer: From bench to bedside.

RNF2 (also known as ding, Ring1B or Ring2) is a member of the Ring finger protein family, which functions as E3 ubiquitin ligase for monoubiquitination of histone H2A at lysine 119 (H2AK119ub). RNF2 gene is located at the 1q25.3 site of human chromosome and the coding region is composed of 9 exons, encoding 336 amino acids in total. Many studies have demonstrated that overexpressed RNF2 was involved in the pathological progression of multiple cancers and has an impact on their clinical features. For instance, the upregulated expression level of RNF2 is positively correlated with the occurrence and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma, melanoma, prostate cancer, breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, gastric cancer, and bladder urothelial carcinoma, as well as with the radioresistance of lung cancer and chemoresistance of ovarian cancer. This review provides an up-to-date perspective on the relationship between RNF2 and several cancers and highlights recent studies on RNF2 regulation. In particular, the relevant cellular signaling pathways and potential clinical value of RNF2 in cancers are also discussed, suggesting its potential as an epigenetic biomarker and therapeutic target for these cancers.

An experimental study of the regional load deflection rate of multiloop edgewise arch wire in two dimension brackets / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the regional load deflection rate (LDR) of multiloop edgewise arch wire (MEAW) of three dimensions with coupled use of two dimension brackets in the individual interbracket span, to understand the mechanical properties of MEAW.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The MEAW arch wires of stainless steel of three dimensions, 0.41 mm x 0.56 mm, 0.43 mm x 0.64 mm and 0.46 mm x 0.64 mm, were bent into single L-loop. The study was performed with the coupled use of 0.41 mm x 0.56 mm wires with 0.46 mm x 0.64 mm bracket (A bracket) and 0.43 mm x 0.64 mm, 0.46 mm x 0.64 mm wires with 0.56 mm x 0.71 mm bracket (B bracket). The LDR of each L-loop at the individual interbracket span when loading and unloading was measured. The data were analysed by SPSS 11.0.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared the regional LDR for the couple of 0.41 mm x 0.56 mm L-loop with A bracket with those for the couple of 0.43 mm x 0.64 mm L-loop with B bracket, the former showed lower value than the latter at regions between the upper central and lateral incisor, the lower central and lateral incisor, and between the lower lateral incisor and canine (P < 0.05). For the rest regions, the two couples exhibited similar value to the regional LDR (P > 0.05). The regional LDR for the couple of 0.41 mm x 0.56 mm L-loop with A bracket were lower at all regions than those for the couple of 0.46 mm x 0.64 mm L-loop with B bracket (P < 0.05) except that at the region between the lower first and second molars which showed similar value between the two couples.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The coupled use of B bracket with 0.43 mm x 0.64 mm MEAW arch wire and A bracket with 0.41 mm x 0.56 mm MEAW arch wire exhibited similar mechanical properties.</p>

Treatment effects of magnetic Twin-block appliance for class II cases / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effects of magnetic Twin-block appliance in the treatment of skeletal class II cases.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The magnetic Twin-block appliance was embedded with two pairs of neodymium-iron-boron (Nd(2)Fe(14)B) rare earth permanent magnets in the upper and lower inclined planes of Twin-block appliance. The sample comprised of 13 skeletal class II patients in the late mixed or early permanent dentition treated by magnetic Twin-block appliance. Cephalometric films were taken before and after treatment. Helix CT images of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in all patients were examined before treatment (T1), during treatment (4 months after appliance placement, T2), after treatment (T3) and one year after treatment (T4).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A double contour image was detected in the superior posterior part of the condylar head on the pseudo-sagittal reconstruction plane pictures of T2 in 11 patients. The double contour image could be observed in most patients as well. This image also exhibited on the pictures of T3 in several patients. On the pictures of T2 and T3 in some patients, interruption of cortical bone and "bifurcation phenomenon" of condyles were shown. Pictures of T1 and T4 were similar and no signs of remodeling of TMJ were observed. Cephalometric analysis revealed significant changes in the maxillofacial structure after treatment. The profile of patients improved.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Bone remodeling of condyle occurred during the magnetic Twin-block treatment in class II patients. Magnetic Twin-block appliance was effective in the treatment of the growing skeletal class II patients.</p>