Crystal structure characterization, Hirshfeld surface analysis, and DFT calculation studies of 1-(6-amino-5-nitro-naphthalen-2-yl)ethanone.

The title compound, C12H10N2O3, was obtained by the de-acetyl-ation reaction of 1-(6-amino-5-nitro-naphthalen-2-yl)ethanone in a concentrated sulfuric acid methanol solution. The mol-ecule comprises a naphthalene ring system bearing an acetyl group (C-3), an amino group (C-7), and a nitro group (C-8). In the crystal, the mol-ecules are assembled into a two-dimensional network by N⋯H/H⋯N and O⋯H/H⋯O hydrogen-bonding inter-actions. n-π and π-π stacking inter-actions are the dominant inter-actions in the three-dimensional crystal packing. Hirshfeld surface analysis indicates that the most important contributions are from O⋯H/H⋯O (34.9%), H⋯H (33.7%), and C⋯H/H⋯C (11.0%) contacts. The energies of the frontier mol-ecular orbitals were computed using density functional theory (DFT) calculations at the B3LYP-D3BJ/def2-TZVP level of theory and the LUMO-HOMO energy gap of the mol-ecule is 3.765 eV.

Career Considerations in Nurse-Led Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinics: a Two-Center Qualitative Study.

Background: Growing demand exists for high-quality Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) care, particularly through Nurse-led TCM clinics (TCM-NLCs). Nurses with extensive experience in TCM departments represent a potential workforce for this healthcare model. This qualitative study aims to investigate the willingness of these candidates to engage in TCM-NLCs, with a specific focus on their main concerns and apprehensions when facing new challenges. Methods: Individual semi-structured face to face interviews were conducted with senior nurses from two TCM hospitals in Shanghai. Each participant had a minimum of three years of work experience in a TCM related department. Conventional qualitative content analysis was utilized. Results: Fourteen participants were interviewed and data saturation was achieved. Nurses exhibited strong interest in practicing in TCM-NLCs. They believed that such innovative TCM nursing service model not only extends nursing role, provides greater empowerment and opportunities for professional development but also meets patients' diverse healthcare needs, reduces reliance on other healthcare providers such as doctors, and increases hospital revenue. However, challenges such as deficiencies in evidence-based TCM nursing education, the absence of standardized practice guidelines, and limited prescriptive privileges were identified as primary obstacles to engaging in TCM-NLCs practice, potentially undermining the specialization of this advanced nursing practice model. Conclusion: Although the nurses interviewed were highly motivated, they generally lacked confidence to practice independently in TCM-NLCs. A pressing priority is to address their concerns by providing appropriate resources as well as education and policy support to enhance their competency and ensure their practice autonomy, therefore building a more qualified pool of professionals for advanced TCM nursing practice.

Autism risk gene Cul3 alters neuronal morphology via caspase-3 activity in mouse hippocampal neurons.

Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) are neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) in which children display differences in social interaction/communication and repetitive stereotyped behaviors along with variable associated features. Cul3, a gene linked to ASD, encodes CUL3 (CULLIN-3), a protein that serves as a key component of a ubiquitin ligase complex with unclear function in neurons. Cul3 homozygous deletion in mice is embryonic lethal; thus, we examine the role of Cul3 deletion in early synapse development and neuronal morphology in hippocampal primary neuronal cultures. Homozygous deletion of Cul3 significantly decreased dendritic complexity and dendritic length, as well as axon formation. Synaptic spine density significantly increased, mainly in thin and stubby spines along with decreased average spine volume in Cul3 knockouts. Both heterozygous and homozygous knockout of Cul3 caused significant reductions in the density and colocalization of gephyrin/vGAT puncta, providing evidence of decreased inhibitory synapse number, while excitatory synaptic puncta vGulT1/PSD95 density remained unchanged. Based on previous studies implicating elevated caspase-3 after Cul3 deletion, we demonstrated increased caspase-3 in our neuronal cultures and decreased neuronal cell viability. We then examined the efficacy of the caspase-3 inhibitor Z-DEVD-FMK to rescue the decrease in neuronal cell viability, demonstrating reversal of the cell viability phenotype with caspase-3 inhibition. Studies have also implicated caspase-3 in neuronal morphological changes. We found that caspase-3 inhibition largely reversed the dendrite, axon, and spine morphological changes along with the inhibitory synaptic puncta changes. Overall, these data provide additional evidence that Cul3 regulates the formation or maintenance of cell morphology, GABAergic synaptic puncta, and neuronal viability in developing hippocampal neurons in culture.

Sirtuin 3 ameliorates inflammatory bowel disease via inhibiting intestinal inflammation and oxidative stress.

Sirtuin 3 involved in development of various diseases, but its role in inflammatory bowel disease is still unknown. We used inflammatory bowel disease biopsies, colitis animal model, and vitro cells RAW264.7 to study the role of Sirtuin 3 in the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease. Sirtuin 3 negatively correlated with intestinal TNF-α. Sirt3 was less pronounced in pediatric and adult inflammatory bowel disease patients compared with corresponding control group. Sirtuin 3 activator Honokiol suppressed dextran sulfate sodium induced colonic manifestations, while Sirt3 inhibitor caused opposite results. Honokiol inhibited colonic oxidative stress by and reduced intestinal permeability. Honokiol repressed inflammatory response by reducing macrophage infiltration, pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1ß, and IL-6 levels, and inhibiting activation of NF-κB p65 in the colitis mice. However, Sirt3 inhibitor amplified colonic oxidative stress and inflammatory response. In vitro study, Sirt3 inhibitor or siRNA Sirtuin 3 activated NF-κB p65 and enhanced TNF-α, IL-1ß, and IL-6 secretion from LPS stimulated RAW264.7, while Honokiol remarkably attenuated these pro-inflammatory cytokines secretion. Finally, knockdown of Sirt3 in Caco-2 cells enhanced TNF-α induced intestinal barrier integrity injury. Sirtuin 3 negatively regulates inflammatory bowel disease progression via reducing colonic inflammation and oxidative stress. Sirtuin 3 is a promising therapeutic target in clinical application for inflammatory bowel disease therapy.

Synthesis, crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis of N-(6-acetyl-1-nitro-naphthalen-2-yl)acetamide.

The title compound, C14H12N2O4, was obtained from 2-acetyl-6-amino-naphthalene through two-step reactions of acetyl-ation and nitration. The mol-ecule comprises the naphthalene ring system consisting of functional systems bearing a acetyl group (C-2), a nitro group (C-5), and an acetyl-amino group (C-6). In the crystal, the mol-ecules are assembled into two-dimensional sheet-like structures by inter-molecular N-H⋯O and C-H⋯O hydrogen-bonding inter-actions. Hirshfeld surface analysis illustrates that the most important contributions to the crystal packing are from O⋯H/H⋯O (43.7%), H⋯H (31.0%), and C⋯H/H⋯C (8.5%) contacts.

Discovery of a Potent Antiosteoporotic Drug Molecular Scaffold Derived from Angelica sinensis and Its Bioinspired Total Synthesis.

Angelica sinensis, commonly known as Dong Quai in Europe and America and as Dang-gui in China, is a medicinal plant widely utilized for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. In this study, we report the discovery of a new category of phthalide from Angelica sinensis, namely falcarinphthalides A and B (1 and 2), which contains two fragments, (3R,8S)-falcarindiol (3) and (Z)-ligustilide (4). Falcarinphthalides A and B (1 and 2) represent two unprecedented carbon skeletons of phthalide in natural products, and their antiosteoporotic activities were evaluated. The structures of 1 and 2, including their absolute configurations, were established using extensive analysis of NMR spectra, chemical derivatization, and ECD/VCD calculations. Based on LC-HR-ESI-MS analysis and DFT calculations, a production mechanism for 1 and 2 involving enzyme-catalyzed Diels-Alder/retro-Diels-Alder reactions was proposed. Falcarinphthalide A (1), the most promising lead compound, exhibits potent in vitro antiosteoporotic activity by inhibiting NF-κB and c-Fos signaling-mediated osteoclastogenesis. Moreover, the bioinspired gram-scale total synthesis of 1, guided by intensive DFT study, has paved the way for further biological investigation. The discovery and gram-scale total synthesis of falcarinphthalide A (1) provide a compelling lead compound and a novel molecular scaffold for treating osteoporosis and other metabolic bone diseases.

Effects of dapagliflozin on body weight in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: Evidence­based practice.

The dose-dependent pharmacological response to dapagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with regard to weight loss remain unknown. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of dapagliflozin on weight loss in patients with T2DM. A total of 8,545 patients with T2DM from 24 randomized controlled trials reported in the literature were selected for inclusion in the study. Data from these trials were analyzed using maximal effect (Emax) models with nonlinear mixed effects modeling; the evaluation index was the body weight change rate from baseline values. Patients treated with 2.5 mg/day dapagliflozin exhibited an Emax of -3.04%, and the time taken for therapy to reach half of the Emax (ET50) was estimated to be 30.8 weeks for patients treated with this dose. Patients treated with 5, 10 and 20 mg/day dapagliflozin exhibited Emax values of -6.57, -4.12 and -3.23%, respectively, and their ET50 values were estimated to be 27.3, 20.4 and 4.23 weeks, respectively. The data indicated ideal linear relationships between individual predictions and observations, suggesting the optimal fitting of the final models. The present study is the first systematic analysis of the effect of dapagliflozin on weight loss in patients with T2DM. The application of dapagliflozin at 5 mg/day exhibited a greater weight loss effect compared with the other doses used, and the weight loss onset time shortened as the dose of dapagliflozin increased.

The plant-like protein phosphatase PPKL regulates parasite replication and morphology in Toxoplasma gondii.

BACKGROUND: The protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii encodes dozens of phosphatases, among which a plant-like phosphatase absent from mammalian genomes named PPKL, which is involved in regulating brassinosteroid signaling in Arabidopsis, was identified in the genome. Among the Apicomplexa parasites, T. gondii is an important and representative pathogen in humans and animals. PPKL was previously identified to modulate the apical integrity and morphology of the ookinetes and parasite motility and transmission in another important parasite, Plasmodium falciparum. However, the exact function of PPKL in the asexual stages of T. gondii remains unknown. METHODS: The plant auxin-inducible degron (AID) system was applied to dissect the phenotypes of PPKL in T. gondii. We first analyzed the phenotypes of the AID parasites at an induction time of 24 h, by staining of different organelles using their corresponding markers. These analyses were further conducted for the parasites grown in auxin for 6 and 12 h using a quantitative approach and for the type II strain ME49 of AID parasites. To further understand the phenotypes, the potential protein interactions were analyzed using a proximity biotin labeling approach. The essential role of PPKL in parasite replication was revealed. RESULTS: PPKL is localized in the apical region and nucleus and partially distributed in the cytoplasm of the parasite. The phenotyping of PPKL showed its essentiality for parasite replication and morphology. Further dissections demonstrate that PPKL is required for the maturation of daughter parasites in the mother cells, resulting in multiple nuclei in a single parasite. The phenotype of the daughter parasites and parasite morphology were observed in another type of T. gondii strain ME49. The substantial defect in parasite replication and morphology could be rescued by genetic complementation, thus supporting its essential function for PPKL in the formation of parasites. The protein interaction analysis showed the potential interaction of PPKL with diverse proteins, thus explaining the importance of PPKL in the parasite. CONCLUSIONS: PPKL plays an important role in the formation of daughter parasites, revealing its subtle involvement in the proper maturation of the daughter parasites during division. Our detailed analysis also demonstrated that depletion of PPKL resulted in elongated tubulin fibers in the parasites. The important roles in the parasites are potentially attributed to the protein interaction mediated by kelch domains on the protein. Taken together, these findings contribute to our understanding of a key phosphatase involved in parasite replication, suggesting the potential of this phosphatase as a pharmaceutic target.

Research status of pathogenesis of anxiety or depression after percutaneous coronary intervention and Traditional Chinese Medicine intervention.

ETHNIC PHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Anxiety or depression after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is a common clinical disease. Currently, conventional pharmacotherapy primarily involves the administration of anxiolytic or antidepressant medications in conjunction with anticoagulants, antiplatelet agents, and other cardiovascular drugs. However, challenges such as drug dependence, adverse reactions and related concerns persist in the treatment of this disease. Numerous pertinent studies have demonstrated that Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) exhibits significant therapeutic efficacy and distinctive advantages in managing post-PCI anxiety or depression. AIM OF THIS REVIEW: This review attempted to summarize the characteristics of TCM for treating anxiety or depression after PCI, including single Chinese herbs, Chinese medicine monomers, compound TCM prescriptions, TCM patented drugs, and other TCM-related treatment methods, focusing on the analysis of the relevant mechanism of TCM treatment of this disease. METHODS: By searching the literature on treating anxiety or depression after PCI with TCM in PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, and other relevant databases, this review focuses on the latest research progress of TCM treatment of this disease. RESULTS: In the treatment of anxiety or depression after PCI, TCM exerts significant pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-anxiety or anti-depression, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular protection, and neuroprotection, mainly by regulating the levels of related inflammatory factors, oxidative stress markers, neurotransmitter levels, and related signaling pathways. TCM has a good clinical effect in treating anxiety or depression after PCI with individualized treatment. CONCLUSIONS: TCM has terrific potential and good prospects in the treatment of anxiety or depression after PCI. The main direction of future exploration is the study of the mechanism related to Chinese medicine monomers and the large sample clinical study related to compound TCM prescriptions.

Pinobanksin from peony seed husk: A flavonoid with the potential to inhibit the proliferation of SH-SY5Y.

Pinobanksin, as one of the flavonoids, has powerful biological activities but has been under-recognized. In this study, we optimized the extraction method of phragmites from peony seed shells by using organic solvent extraction. The yield of PSMS was 10.54 ± 0.13% under the conditions of ethanol volume fraction 70%, extraction temperature 70°C, material-liquid ratio 1:25 g/mL, and extraction time 60 min; the optimized PSMS could be effectively separated in S-8 macroporous resin coupled with C18. The relative content of PSMS was increased from 0.42% in PSMS to 92.53% after C18 purification; the antioxidant activity test revealed that pinobanksin could exert antioxidant ability by binding catalase (CAT) enzyme. Second, it was found that pinobanksin could effectively inhibit the proliferation of SH-SY5Y cells, mainly by binding to BCL2-associated X (BAX), B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2), and cyclin-dependent Kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) to produce more hydrogen bonds to inhibit their activities. This study confirms the medicinal potential of pinobanksin and provides the basis for the proper understanding of pinobanksin and the development of related products.

Characterizations and molecular docking mechanism of the interactions between peptide FDGDF (Phe-Asp-Gly-Asp-Phe) and SOD enzyme.

In this study, we investigated the antioxidant properties of dry-cured beef crude peptide (BPH) at different storage periods. The combination characteristics of different concentrations of Phe-Asp-Gly-Asp-Phe (FDGDF) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) at different temperatures were analyzed by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, and FT-IR spectroscopy, combined with the detection of a SOD activity detection box. It was found that FDGDF could improve the activity of SOD by changing its secondary structure. Bonds were formed at O32/O40/O52 using quantum chemical simulation calculations, and the Fukui index was higher than that of most atoms, indicating that these atoms were more likely to participate in the reaction. SPR biological force analysis showed that FDGDF and SOD were in a fast binding and dissociation mode. This study revealed the theoretical basis for studying the antioxidant mechanism of dry-cured beef and provided ideas for developing new dry-cured beef products.

Clinical outcomes and predictors of bleomycin polidocanol foam sclerotherapy treatment response in venous malformations.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of bleomycin polidocanol foam (BPF) sclerotherapy for venous malformations (VMs) and analyze the associated clinical outcomes and predictors. METHODS: We retrospectively assessed BPF sclerotherapy outcomes in 138 patients with VMs. We analyzed pain levels, lesion volume reduction, and subjective perception of response. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify potential predictors of treatment outcome. Additionally, we carefully monitored and recorded complications. RESULTS: There was a notable average reduction in lesion volume by 78.50% ± 15.71%. The pain numerical rating scale (NRS) score decreased from 4.17 ± 2.63 prior to treatment to 1.05 ± 1.54 afterward, and 70.3% of the patients experienced effective relief after a single BPF treatment. Multivariate analysis revealed that a high baseline NRS (odds ratio [OR]: 4.026) and elevated activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT, OR: 1.200) were positive predictors of pain reduction. Additionally, a high baseline NRS score (OR: 1.992) and elevated thrombocytocrit (PCT, OR: 2.543) were positive predictors of incomplete postoperative pain relief. Minor complications occurred in 31 (22.46%) patients. CONCLUSION: BPF sclerotherapy is safe and effective for VMs, resulting in significant reduction in lesion volume, improved symptoms, and minimal complications. APTT and PCT levels are important predictors of pain outcomes following BPF treatment.

Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Ferroelectric and Antiferroelectric with Afterglow Emission.

Luminescent ferroelectrics are holding exciting prospect for integrated photoelectronic devices due to potential light-polarization interactions at electron scale. Integrating ferroelectricity and long-lived afterglow emission in a single material would offer new possibilities for fundamental research and applications, however, related reports have been a blank to date. For the first time, we here achieved the combination of notable ferroelectricity and afterglow emission in an organic-inorganic hybrid material. Remarkably, the presented (4-methylpiperidium)CdCl3 also shows noticeable antiferroelectric behavior. The implementation of cationic customization and halogen engineering not only enables a dramatic enhancement of Curie temperature of 114.4 K but also brings a record longest emission lifetime up to 117.11 ms under ambient conditions, realizing a leapfrog improvement of at least two orders of magnitude compared to reported hybrid ferroelectrics so far. This finding would herald the emergence of novel application potential, such as multi-level density data storage or multifunctional sensors, towards the future integrated optoelectronic devices with multitasking capabilities.

Acupuncture for primary insomnia: Effectiveness, safety, mechanisms and recommendations for clinical practice.

Primary insomnia (PI) is an increasing concern in modern society. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia is the first-line recommendation, yet limited availability and cost impede its widespread use. While hypnotics are frequently used, balancing their benefits against the risk of adverse events poses challenges. This review summarizes the clinical and preclinical evidence of acupuncture as a treatment for PI, discussing its potential mechanisms and role in reliving insomnia. Clinical trials show that acupuncture improves subjective sleep quality, fatigue, cognitive impairments, and emotional symptoms with minimal adverse events. It also positively impacts objective sleep processes, including prolonging total sleep time, improving sleep efficiency, reducing sleep onset latency and wake after sleep onset, and enhancing sleep architecture/structure, including increasing N3% and REM%, and decreasing N1%. However, methodological shortcomings in some trials diminish the overall quality of evidence. Animal studies suggest that acupuncture restores circadian rhythms in sleep-deprived rodents and improves their performance in behavioral tests, possibly mediated by various clinical variables and pathways. These may involve neurotransmitters, brain-derived neurotrophic factors, inflammatory cytokines, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, gut microbiota, and other cellular events. While the existing findings support acupuncture as a promising therapeutic strategy for PI, additional high-quality trials are required to validate its benefits.

CSF 14-3-3 zeta(ζ) isoform is associated with tau pathology and cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease.

14-3-3 is a family of conserved proteins that consist of seven isoforms which are highly expressed in the brain, and 14-3-3 zeta(ζ) is one of the isoforms encoded by the YWHAZ gene. Previous studies demonstrated that 14-3-3ζ is deposited in the neurofibrillary tangles of Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains, and that 14-3-3ζ interacts with tau from the purified neurofibrillary tangles of AD brain extract. The present study examined the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) 14-3-3ζ levels of 719 participants from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI), including cognitively normal (CN) participants, patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and patients with AD dementia, and aimed to identify whether CSF 14-3-3ζ is associated with tau pathology. CSF 14-3-3ζ levels were increased in AD, and particularly elevated among tau pathology positive individuals. CSF 14-3-3ζ levels were associated with CSF phosphorylated tau 181 (p-tau) (r = 0.741, P < 0.001) and plasma p-tau (r = 0.293, P < 0.001), which are fluid biomarkers of tau pathology, and could predict tau pathology positive status with high accuracy (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC], 0.891). CSF 14-3-3ζ levels were also correlated to synaptic biomarker CSF GAP-43 (r = 0.609, P < 0.001) and neuroinflammatory biomarker CSF sTREM-2 (r = 0.507, P < 0.001). High CSF 14-3-3ζ levels at baseline were associated with progressive decline of cognitive function and neuroimaging findings during follow up. In conclusion, this study suggests that CSF 14-3-3ζ is a potential biomarker of AD that may be useful in clinical practice.

High-throughput analytical methodology of monoalkyl phthalate esters and the composite risk assessment with their parent phthalate esters in aquatic organisms and seawater.

A sensitive, robust, and highly efficient analytical methodology involving solid phase extraction coupled to ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry was successfully established to detect 13 monoalkyl phthalate esters (MPAEs) in aquatic organisms and seawater. After the organisms were preprocessed using enzymatic deconjugation with ß-glucuronidase, extraction, purification, and qualitative and quantitative optimization procedures were performed. Under optimal conditions, the limits of detection varied from 0.07 to 0.88 µg/kg (wet weight) and 0.04-1.96 ng/L in organisms and seawater, respectively. Collectively, MPAEs achieved acceptable recovery values (91.0-102.7%) with relative standard deviations less than 10.4% and matrix effects ranging from 0.93 to 1.07 in the above matrix. Furthermore, MPAEs and phthalate esters were detected by the developed methodology and gas chromatography-triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer in practical samples, respectively. Mono-n-butyl phthalate and mono-iso-butyl phthalate were the most predominant congeners, accounting for 24.8-35.2% in aquatic organisms and seawater. Comprehensive health and ecological risks were higher after the MPAEs were incorporated than when phthalate esters were considered separately, and greater than their risk threshold. Therefore, the risks caused by substances and their metabolites in multiple media, with analogous structure-activity relationships, should be considered to ensure the safety of aquatic organisms and consumers.

Comparison of bleomycin polidocanol foam vs electrochemotherapy combined with polidocanol foam for treatment of venous malformations.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate the difference in safety and efficacy between two treatments for venous malformations (VMs), electrochemotherapy combined with polidocanol foam (ECP) and bleomycin polidocanol foam (BPF), providing alternative therapies for VMs. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review of 152 patients with VMs treated with ECP and BPF. Pre- and post-treatment magnetic resonance images (MRIs) were collected, and clinical follow-up assessments were performed. Imaging results were used to calculate lesion volume changes. Clinical outcomes included changes in pain and improvements in perceived swelling. Patients were followed up at 1 week and 6 months after surgery. All emerging complications were documented in detail. RESULTS: Of the 152 patients, 87 (57.2%) received BPF treatment, and 65 (42.8%) received ECP treatment. The most common location of VMs was the lower extremities (92/152; 60.2%), and the most common symptom was pain (108/152; 71.1%). Forty-three patients had previously undergone therapy in the BPF group (43/87; 49.4%), whereas 30 patients had received prior treatment in the ECP group (30/65; 46.2%). The study found that the percentage of lesion volume reduction in the BPF group was not significantly different from that in the ECP group (75.00% ± 17.85% vs 74.69% ± 8.48%; P = .899). ECP was more effective when the initial lesion volume was greater than 30 mL (67.66% ± 12.34% vs 73.47% ± 8.00%; P = .048). Patients treated with BPF had significantly less posttreatment pain than those treated with ECP, in different baseline lesion size. In the overall sample, pain relief was significantly higher in the BPF group than in the ECP group (4.21 ± 1.19 vs 3.57 ± 0.76; P = .002). However, there was no difference in pain relief between the two groups for the treatment of initially large VMs (4.20 ± 0.94 vs 3.70 ± 0.87; P = .113). The ECP group was significantly more likely to develop hyperpigmentation (5/87; 5.75% vs 11/65; 16.92%; P = .026) and swelling (9/87; 10.34% vs 16/65; 24.62%; P = .019) 1 week after surgery than the BPF group. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates that both BPF and ECP are effective treatments for VMs, with BPF being a safer option. ECP is a better choice for patients with the initial lesion volume greater than 30 mL, but it is more likely to lead to early swelling and hyperpigmentation.

Unusual Thermal Quenching of Photoluminescence from an Organic-Inorganic Hybrid [MnBr4 ]2- -based Halide Mediated by Crystalline-Crystalline Phase Transition.

The ability to generate and manipulate photoluminescence (PL) behavior has been of primary importance for applications in information security. Excavating novel optical effects to create more possibilities for information encoding has become a continuous challenge. Herein, we present an unprecedented PL temporary quenching that highly couples with thermodynamic phase transition in a hybrid crystal (DMML)2 MnBr4 (DMML=N,N-dimethylmorpholinium). Such unusual PL behavior originates from the anomalous variation of [MnBr4 ]2- tetrahedrons that leads to non-radiation recombination near the phase transition temperature of 340 K. Remarkably, the suitable detectable temperature, narrow response window, high sensitivity, and good cyclability of this PL temporary quenching will endow encryption applications with high concealment, operational flexibility, durability, and commercial popularization. Profited from these attributes, a fire-new optical encryption model is devised to demonstrate high confidential information security. This unprecedented optical effect would provide new insights and paradigms for the development of luminescent materials to enlighten future information encryption.