Intelligent and integrated techniques for coalbed methane (CBM) recovery and reduction of greenhouse gas emission.

Coalbed methane (CBM) recovery is a crucial approach to realize the exploitation of a clean energy and the reduction of the greenhouse gas emission. In the past 10 years, remarkable achievements on CBM recovery have been obtained in China. However, some key difficulties still exist such as long borehole drilling in complicated geological condition, and poor gas drainage effect due to low permeability. In this study, intelligent and integrated techniques for CBM recovery are introduced. These integrated techniques mainly include underground CBM recovery techniques and ground well CBM recovery techniques. The underground CBM recovery techniques consist of the borehole formation technique, gas concentration improvement technique, and permeability enhancement technique. According to the division of mining-induced disturbance area, the ground well arrangement area and well structure type in mining-induced disturbance developing area and mining-induced disturbance stable area are optimized to significantly improve the ground well CBM recovery. Besides, automatic devices such as drilling pipe installation device are also developed to achieve remote control of data recording, which makes the integrated techniques intelligent. These techniques can provide key solutions to some long-term difficulties in CBM recovery.

Expression and clinical significance of regulatory T cell and Th17 cell in the peripheral blood of patients with dermatomyositis / 中华风湿病学杂志

Objective To explore the changes and clinical significance of regulatory T cell/T help cell 17 (Th17) in the peripheral blood from patients with dermatomyositis (DM).Methods Thirty-six patients with DM were recruited and thirty-six healthy individuals were enrolled as normal controls.The percentage of regulatory T cell/Th17 cell was assessed by flow cytometry and the mRNA levels of Foxp3/RORγt were detected by real-time quantitative reverse wanscription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).The plasma levels of TGF-β1/IL-17 were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).T-test was used for statistical analysis and Pearson's linear analysis were used for correlation analysis.Results The percentage of CD4+ Foxp3+ T cell,the mRNA expression of Foxp3 and the plasma levels of TGF-β1 decreased significantly in patients with DM than in normal controls [(7.2±2.3)％ vs (9.1±3.2)％,(0.44±0.19) vs (0.62±0.25),(37 400±4814) pg/ml vs (41 200±6348) pg/ml,P＜0.05].The percentage of Th17 cell,the mRNA expression of RORγt and the plasma levels of IL-17 increased in patients with DM compared with normal controls [(1.22±0.41)％ vs (0.83±0.14)％,(0.85±0.34) vs (0.61±0.21),(77±32) pg/ml vs (58±20) pg/ml,P＜0.05].There was negative correlation between the percentage of regulatory T cell,the mRNA levels of Foxp3,the plasma levels of TGF-β1 and the serum levels of CK in patients with DM (r=-0.573,-0.593,-0.618,P＜0.05).There was positive correhtion between the percentage of Thl7 cell,the mRNA levels of RORγt,the plasma levels of IL-17 and the serum levels of CK in patients with DM (r=0.582,0.609,0.623,P＜0.05).Conclusion The imbalance of regulatory T cell/Th17 cell may exist in the peripheral blood of patients with DM.Regulatory T cell/Th17 cell may be associated with the pathology of DM.