TRIM44 facilitates ovarian cancer proliferation, migration, and invasion by inhibiting FRK.

Ovarian cancer (OC) is the leading cause of gynecologic cancer-related death in the world. Accumulating evidence indicated the important role of TRIM44 in cancer development. However, how TRIM44 displays in OC and the underlying mechanism remained unclear. TRIM44 and FRK expression in OC tissues and cell lines were investigated by western blot and RT-qPCR. Histotype of tissue samples and patients' data were analyzed. Kaplan-Meier Curve was performed to validate the effect of TRIM44. Colony formation assay, MTT assay, Transwell assay, and wound-healing assay were applied to elucidate the function of TRIM44 in OC cells. CHIP assay was used to explore the association between TRIM44 and FRK. Finally, we performed SKOV3 xenografts in Balb/c nude mice to further confirm the involvement of TRIM44 in OC development. We found TRIM44 highly expressed while FRK displayed low expression in OC cell lines and tissues. Moreover, analysis of histotype of tissues and patients' data and Kaplan-Meier Curve implied the important role of TRIM44 and FRK in tumor progression. Further in vitro study suggested that knocking down TRIM44 inhibited OC cells proliferation, migration, and invasion. Besides, FRK was identified as the target gene of TRIM44 in OC, and TRIM44 promoted OC cells proliferation, migration, and invasion by inhibiting FRK. Finally, in vivo animal experiment further confirmed the promotive effect of TRIM44 on OC progression. Our findings demonstrated that TRIM44 facilitated OC proliferation, migration, and invasion by inhibiting FRK, providing new insights for theoretical research and therapy of OC.

[Relationship of Toll Like Receptors Expression and HPV16 Infection in Cervical Squamous Cell Cancer].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the relationship between Toll like receptors (TLRs) mRNA expression levels and HPV16 infection in cervical squamous cell cancer (SCC). METHODS: Expression levels of TLRs mRNA and HPV16 in tissue samples collected from cervical squamous carcinoma and cervicitis were detected, and the relationship of TLRs mRNA expression and HPV infection was analyzed in two different disease groups. RESULTS: Expressions of TLRs mRNA were not related to HPV16 infection in cervical squamous cell cancer. Expression of TLR3 mRNA in cervical SCC was significantly lower than those of cervicitis. Expression of TLR5 mRNA was shown significant difference between moderately differentiated and poorly differentiated cervical SCC (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Expressions of TLRs mRNA were not related to HPV16 infection in cervical SCC. TLR3 may play a role in the pathogenesis in cervical SCC.

Postmolar choriocarcinoma after an interval of 7 years: Case report and literature review.

Choriocarcinoma is a rare pregnancy-related malignancy. The majority is arising from non-molar pregnancy. Here we report a patient who was diagnosed with postmolar choriocarcinoma after an interval of 7 years. Before surgery, we suspected the diagnosis of the patient was intramural pregnancy or choriocarcinoma. Laparoscopy was performed and hysterectomy was carried out. Postoperative pathological evaluation of the surgical specimen confirmed the case was choriocarcinoma. Hysterectomy through laparoscopy was feasible and safe for selected patients.

BiClamp(®) forceps was significantly superior to conventional suture ligation in radical abdominal hysterectomy: a retrospective cohort study in 391 cases.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and security of ERBE BiClamp(®) forceps in radical abdominal hysterectomy for managing those cervical cancers, extending to other gynecologic cancers such as endometrial cancer and ovarian cancer as well. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was made in 391 cases from 450 FIGO IA2-IIB cervical cancers between November 2005 and September 2010. After baseline character analysis, the conventional group (n = 195) was compared with the BiClamp group (n = 196) on the basis of surgical outcome and complications. Data analysis was based on intention to treat with statistics software SPSS17.0. RESULTS: Comparison between conventional suture ligation and BiClamp(®) forceps is as follows: the operation time was 247.7 ± 47.7 min for the conventional suture ligation versus 224.1 ± 36.2 min (P < 0.001) for BiClamp(®) forceps, estimated blood loss was 769.2 ± 310.4 ml versus 534.8 ± 232.5 ml (P < 0.001), gauze consumption was 35.3 ± 10.6 sheets versus 28.2 ± 7.4 sheets (P < 0.001), intra-operative blood transfusion rate was 75.9 versus 28.1% (P < 0.001), hemoglobin decline was 29.2 ± 10.1 g/L versus 26.5 ± 9.2 g/L (P = 0.085), postoperative blood transfusion rate was 17.0 versus 15.6% (P = 0.818), closed suction drainage was 268.8 ± 162.0 ml versus 208.3 ± 141.7 ml (P < 0.001), hospital stay was 8.8 ± 2.5 days versus 7.1 ± 2.2 days (P < 0.001), postoperative complications was 23.6 versus 14.8% (P = 0.027). CONCLUSION: With obvious decrease of operation time, blood loss, postoperative complications, hospital stay and particularly, intra-operative blood transfusion rate, BiClamp(®) forceps has been proved more efficient and controllable in radical abdominal hysterectomies of cervical cancers than conventional suture ligations, extending to endometrial cancers and ovarian cancers, hence deserves to be popularized.

[Clinicopathologic features of 234 cases with borderline ovarian tumors].

OBJECTIVE: To determine the clinicopathologic characteristics and prognostic factors that may be used to predict the poor outcome of patients with borderline ovarian tumors. METHODS: All cases with borderline ovarian tumors treated in the West China Second University Hospital from January 2001 to June 2007 were analyzed retrospectively for clinicopathologic features, treatment parameters and outcome of treatment. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to assess independent prognostic factors using the logistic regression model. RESULTS: The median age of 234 patients was 40.1 years with a range of 14 to 80 years. There were 101 (43.2%), 94 (40.2%), 19 (8.1%), 12 (5.1%), 8 (3.4%) cases of serous, mucinous, mixed, endometrioid and clear cell tumors, respectively. Out of 234 cases, 182 (77.8%) underwent laparotomy and 45 (19.2%) underwent laparoscopy. Seven women underwent laparoconversion. Fertility sparing surgery was performed on 119 cases (50.9%) and radical surgery was performed on 115 cases (49.1%). Totally 161 (68.8%) patients had stage I, 19 (8.1%) had stage II, 54 (23.1%) had stage III, and none had stage IV disease. Sixty-four women received postoperative chemotherapy. The median follow-up was 40 months with a range of 8 to 78 months. Recurrence was found in 26 cases (11.1%) during follow-up, and no tumor-related death was reported. The logistic regression model showed that surgery procedure (OR = 2.304, P = 0.024), cyst rupture (OR = 2.213, P = 0.038), stage (OR = 4.114, P < 0.01), microinvasion (OR = 2.291, P = 0.046) and peritoneal implants (OR = 2.101, P = 0.016) were the five independent prognostic factors affecting recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Although patients with borderline ovarian tumors have an excellent prognosis, the risk of recurrence remains in some patients. Emphasis should be put on these patients with high risk factors and preventive strategies should be taken to prevent their progression.

[Inhibition effect and mechanisms of quercetin on surgically induced endometriosis].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the therapeutic effect of quercetin on the rat endometriosis models and the relationship between the inhibition effect and the expression of HSP70 and VEGF. METHODS: A surgical model to simulate endometriosis was established and the rats were divided into four groups. After 3 weeks of daily administration of quercetin, dazazol, combined quercetin+dazazol, and placebo, the potential rule of quercetin to inhibit endometriosis in rats were evaluated by measuring the implants, examining the histology and detecting the expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in ectopic endometrium with immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Compared to placebo, quercetin [100 mg/(kg x d)], dazazol [36 mg/(kg x d)], and combined quercetin + dazazol decreased the size of implants significantly respectively, and there was no significant difference among the three groups. HSP70 and VEGF were both significantly reduced by quercetin or combination treatment, but no significant difference was seen between quercetin and combination treatment groups. CONCLUSION: Quercetin inhibits surgically induced endometriosis in rats, and the possible mechanism is to inhibit the expression of HSP70 and VEGF.

[Expression of AIB1 protein in epithelial ovarian cancer cells and its impact on apoptosis].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of AIB1 (amplified in breast cancer 1) protein in epithelial ovarian cancer cells and to analyze the relationship between AIB1 protein and the apoptosis modulated proteins: P53 and Bcl-2. METHODS: The expressions of AIB1, P53 and Bcl-2 proteins in 24 normal ovaries, 24 benign ovarian tumors, 18 borderline ovarian tumors and 69 epithelial ovarian cancers were examined with immunohistochemical method SP. The expressions of estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) were also examined to reveal their relation with AIB1 expression. RESULTS: 1) The AIB1 protein expressed in 65.22% ovarian cancers, greater than in normal ovaries (8.33%), benign ovarian tumors (25.00%) and borderline ovarian tumors (38.89%). The overexpression of AIB1 protein occurred in 36.23% ovarian cancers. Ovarian cancers poorly-differentiated, at a late clinical stage and with lymph node involvement had higher AIB1 overexpression than those well-differentiated and moderately-differentiated, and those at an early clinical stage and without lymph node involvement. 2) The expression of AIB1 was positively correlated with the expression of P53 (r = 0.342, P = 0.004) and Bcl-2 proteins (r = 0.311, P = 0.009) in the ovarian cancers. There was no correlations between the AIB1 expression and the ER and PR. CONCLUSION: AIB1 protein expression increases in ovarian cancers, which is associated with the higher malignant biological behavior. The overexpression of AIB1 may be involved in the carcinogenesis and the development of epithelial ovarian cancers through a hormone independent pathway. Our findings suggest a possible correlation between AIB1 and apoptosis modulated proteins P53 and Bcl-2.

[Temporospatial expression of cyclin G1 in normal human endometria].

OBJECTIVE: To study the temporospatial expression of cyclin G1 protein and mRNA in normal human endometrium and its physiological implications. METHODS: Human endometria samples were taken from 15 women in proliferative phase, 11 in early secretory phase, and 15 in mid-late secretary phase. Cyclin G1 protein and mRNA in the normal human endometria were measured by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization, respectively. RESULTS: The expression of cyclin G1 protein in the epithelium cells was low in proliferative phase. The expression increased at early secretary phase and reached the highest at mid-late secretary phase. The expression of cyclin G1 protein in stromal cells only appeared at mid-late secretary phase. The cyclin G1 protein was localized in nucleus. The expression of cyclin G1 mRNA was localized in cytoplasma, but had similar cycles as the expression of cyclin G1 protein. CONCLUSION: The expression of Cyclin G1 in normal human endometria is progesterone dependence.

[Expression of AIB1 protein in gynecological tumors].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of AIB1 (amplified in breast cancer 1) protein in gynecological cancers, and to analyze the role and clinical significance of AIB1 protein in carcinogenesis and development of gynecological cancers. METHODS: By immunohistochemical method SP, we examined the AIB1 expression levels and relative clinico-pathological features in 10 normal cervical tissues and 18 cervical cancers; 18 normal endometrium tissues and 46 endometrium carcinoma; 19 normal ovarian tissues and 74 epithelial ovarian cancers. RESULTS: The expression rate of AIB1 protein in cervical carcinoma wasn't higher than that in normal cervical tissues, but AIB1 expression was correlated with lymph node involvement. The positive expressions of AIB1 in carcinoma of endometrium and ovarian cancers were significantly higher than those in normal tissues. In carcinoma of endometrium, the rate of AIB1 expression in poorly-differentiated cancer was obviously higher than it in well-differentiated cancer. There was an inverse relationship between AIB1 expression levels and histological tumor grades (P = 0.02). It showed the tendency forward that the AIB1 expression increased with the progress of clinical stages (P = 0.006). CONCLUSION: The overexpression of AIB1 may play a role in the carcinogenesis and development of gynecological cancers, especially ovarian cancers.