Protective Effect of Shenfu Injection on Vascular Endothelial Damage in a Porcine Model of Hemorrhagic Shock.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of Shenfu Injection (, SFI) on endothelial damage in a porcine model of hemorrhagic shock (HS). METHODS: After being bled to a mean arterial pressure of 40±3 mm Hg and held for 60 min, 32 pigs were treated with a venous injection of either shed blood (transfusion group), shed blood and saline (saline group), shed blood and SFI (SFI group) or without resuscitation (sham group). Venous blood samples were collected and analyzed at baseline and 0, 1, 2, 4, and 6 h after HS. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), serum interleuking (IL)-6, and IL-10 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); expressions of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM -1), von Willebrand factor (vWF), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and Bcl-2, Bax, and caspase-3 proteins were determined by Western blot. RESULTS: The serum level of TNF-α in the SFI group was significantly lower than in the other groups at 0, 1, and 2 h after HS, while the level of IL-6 was lower at 4 and 6 h compared with the saline group (P<0.01 or P<0.05). The concentration of serum IL-10 was significantly higher in the SFI group than in the other groups at 0, 1, 4, and 6 h after HS (P<0.01). Western blot and immunohistochemistry of vascular tissue showed that the expression of caspase-3 was downregulated, and that of Bcl-2 and Bax was upregulated in the SFI group compared to other groups (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: SFI attenuated endothelial injury in the porcine model of HS by inhibiting cell apoptosis, suppressing the formation of proinflammatory cytokines, and reducing endothelial activation.

[Over-compensatory growth of Microcystis aeruginosa after high temperature stress].

Two groups of Microcystis aeruginosa FACHB 905 cultures, 40 degrees C and 25 degrees c cultures were set in present study. Both of them were cultured for 5 and 10 days before transferred to fresh medium in same cell densities and then cultured under the same conditions at 25 degrees C. The algae which were cultured under 25 degrees C for all the time were set as the control. The growth, chlorophyll a concentration, Fv/Fm, net photosynthetic rate and respiration rate were determined after re-inoculation. The result showed that the high temperature treated groups have lower specific growth rate and lower Fv/Fm than those of control groups (p < 0.01). However, in the middle-later stage of recovery growth, the specific growth rate of 40 degrees C for 5 days group was 0.362, and it was significantly higher than that of control groups of 0.301 (p < 0.05), while the specific growth rate of 40 degrees c for 10 days group was 0.358, and there was no significant difference with control. 40 degrees C for 5 days group showed over-compensatory growth while 40 degrees C for 10 days group showed exact-compensatory growth. It implies that the over-compensatory growth characteristics of Microcysis aeruginosa is an endogenous biological factor that contributing the outbreak of blooms.