Adoptive transfer of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells decreases inhibitory and regulatory T-cell differentiation and improves survival in murine polymicrobial sepsis.

A decrease in the number of dendritic cells (DCs) is a major cause of post-sepsis immunosuppression and opportunistic infection and is closely associated with poor prognosis. Increasing the number of DCs to replenish their numbers post sepsis can improve the condition. This therapeutic approach could improve recovery after sepsis. Eighty C57BL/6 mice were subjected to sham or caecal ligation and puncture (CLP) surgery. Mice were divided into four groups: (i) Sham + vehicle, (ii) Sham + DC, (iii) CLP + vehicle, and (iv) CLP + DC. Bone-marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs) were administered at 6, 12 and 24 hr after surgery. After 3 days, we assessed serum indices of organ function (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatinine, amylase and lipase), organ tissue histopathology (haematoxylin and eosin staining), cytokine [interferon-γ (IFN-γ), tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-12p70 (IL-12p70), IL-6 and IL-10] levels in the serum, programmed death-1 (PD-1) expression on T cells, regulatory T-cell differentiation in the spleen, and the survival rate (monitored for 7 days). BMDC transfer resulted in the following changes: a significant reduction in damage to the liver, kidney and pancreas in the CLP-septic mice as well as in the pathological changes seen in the liver, lung, small intestine and pancreas; significantly elevated levels of the T helper type 1 (Th1) cytokines IFN-γ and IL-12p70 in the serum; decreased levels of the Th2 cytokines IL-6 and IL-10 in the serum; reduced expression of PD-1 molecules on CD4(+) T cells; reduced the proliferation and differentiation of splenic suppressor T cells and CD4(+)  CD25(+)  Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells, and a significant increase in the survival rate of the septic animals. These results show that administration of BMDCs may have modulated the differentiation and immune function of T cells and contributed to alleviate immunosuppression, hence reducing organ damage and mortality post sepsis. Hence, the immunoregulatory effect of BMDC treatment has potential for the treatment of sepsis.

[The epidemiological characteristics of group C rotavirus in Lulong area and the analysis of diversity of VP6 gene].

OBJECTIVE: To study the epdimiology characteristics and the diversity of VP6 gene of GCRV in Lulong, and to provide the basis for GCRV in-depth research. METHODS: 793 stool specimens from porcine with diarrhea or not from Lulong in 2007 and 2008. GCRV was detected by nested multiple reverse transcription- polymerase chain reaction (nested RT-PCR) , and analyzed the identity and conducted phylogenetic tree by the seqences. RESULTS: The positive rate of GCRV was 16.65%. Porcine GCRV strains of Lulong had significant homology differences. Phylogenetic analysis indicated porcine GCRVs were with significant diversity. Amino acid analysis showed GCRV strains with the same host shared the nearest kinship. CONCLUSION: The infection rate of GCRV was high from 2007 to 2008 in Lulong. Homology and phylogenetic analysis showed that VP6 gene diversity was widespread. The experimental data provided basis for molecular characteristics of porcine GCRVs.

[Full sequence analysis and characterization of the Shenzhen Norovirus strain SZ2010422].

OBJECTIVE: To obtain information on viral molecular structural and evolutionary characteristics, we conducted the SZ2010422 full-length genomic analysis. METHODS: Primers were designed by New Orleans full sequence, SZ2010422 full genome was amplified by RT-PCR, the whole genome sequence and the capsid domain amino acid sites was analysised after cloned and sequenced. RESULTS: The genome of G II-4 Norovirus SZ2010422 strain was consist of 7559 bp, it revealed three ORFs composites of the whole genome, ORF1 (5100 bp), ORF2 (1623 bp), ORF3 (807 bp) respectively, ORF1 and ORF2 had 19 nucleotide overlap. By evolutionary comparative analysis found SZ2010422 genomic nucleotide sequences with reference strains of G II-4 New Orleans1805 strains the highest homology with a total length of homology was 99.3%, of ORF1 (99.5%), ORF2 (99.2%), ORF3 (98.6%). Phylogenetic analyses showed SZ2010422 belonging to G II-4 New Orleans variant. Date of 541 amino acid analyses showed: New Orleans variant strains of popular sites: aa310N or K, --> S aa341D --> of N, aa359T--> S, aa396H --> P, aa460H --> Y. CONCLUSION: Norovirus SZ2010422 belonged to the G II-4 New Orleans variant. In This study, SZ2010422 full sequence can be used not only as a full-length NoV variant sequence standard for future comparison studies, but also as useful material for the public health field by enabling the diagnosis, vaccine development, and prediction of new emerging variants. Noroviruses; Genes; Sequence analysis