[Determination of salvianolic acid B and borneol in compound Danshen tablet by near-infrared spectroscopy and establishment of dependency model].

To determine the contents of salvianolic acid B and borneol in compound Danshen tablet (composed of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizome, Notoginseng Radix et Rhizome and Borneolum Syntheticum) by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) and to establish a dependency model for rapid quantitative analysis. NIR data of 74 batches of compound Danshen tablet from different companies were collected; the contents of salvianolic acid B and borneol were determined by using high performanceliquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography (GC) respectively to establish the dependency model for salvianolic acid B and borneol. The results showed that the best waveband for salvianolic acid B was 10 846.2-10 013, 9 195.3-8 362.2, 6 719.1-4 242.8 cm⁻¹; root-mean-squares error of cross-validation (RMSECV), coefficient of determination R² and regression point displacement (RPD) of salvianolic acid B were 1.72 mg·g⁻¹, 91.05% and 7.93 mg·g⁻¹, respectively. While the best wavebands, RMSECV, R² and RPD of borneol were 10 846.2-5 060.5 cm⁻¹, 1.2 mg·g⁻¹, 96.11% and 6.71 mg·g⁻¹ï¼Œrespectively. The relative error of the established model as validation results for validation set samples was 2.67% and 4.64%， respectively.With the good predictability, the models can be applied to the real time monitoring and quality control of compound Danshen tablet.

Cognitive improvement of compound danshen in an Aß25-35 peptide-induced rat model of Alzheimer's disease.

BACKGROUND: Senile dementia mainly includes Alzheimer' s disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VD). AD is a progressive and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder that is accompanied with a great deal of social burden. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Compound Danshen (CDS) on learning and memory of alzheimer's disease (AD) rat model, as well as to explore the possible connection between CDS and the associated molecules of amyloid beta (Aß). METHODS: Rats were injected with Aß25-35 peptide intracerebroventricularly and CDS were subsequently administered once daily for 23 days. Rats' behavior was monitored using Morris water maze and passive avoidance. Real time PCR and Western blotting were used in determining amyloid precursor protein (APP), ß-site APP cleaved enzyme-1(BACE1), Presenilin-1 (PS1), Insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) and neprilysin (NEP) in hippocampus. RESULTS: The AD model group presented with spatial learning and memory impairments. CDS and donepezil administration significantly ameliorated the Aß25-35 peptide-induced memory impairment in both Morris water maze (P < 0.05) and passive avoidance task (P < 0.01) compared to the AD model group. Real time PCR results suggested that CDS significantly decreased APP mRNA, PS1 mRNA and increased IDE and NEP mRNA levels. Western blotting analyses showed that CDS decreased the protein expression of APP and PS1 and increased IDE expression. CONCLUSION: CDS improved spatial learning and memory by down-regulating APP, PS1 levels and up-regulating IDE. In future, CDS may have significant therapeutic potential in the treatment of AD patients.

Effects of compound danshen tablets on spatial cognition and expression of brain beta-amyloid precursor protein in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of Compound Danshen Tablets (CDST) on spatial cognition and expression of brain b-amyloid precursor protein (beta-APP) in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease. METHODS: The rat model of Alzheimer's disease (AD) was established using D-galactose to cause subacute aging combined with Meynert nucleus damage. Rat behavior was monitored using the Morris water maze, and the expression of beta-APP in rat brain tissue was detected via immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: CDST significantly improved spatial cognition and decreased beta-APP expression in the cortex and hippocampus (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: CDST can significantly improve spatial cognition in a rat model of AD. This observation is possibly related to a reduction in beta-APP expression in the rat brain.

Compound Danshen tablets downregulate amyloid protein precursor mRNA expression in a transgenic cell model of Alzheimer's disease: Effects and a comparison with donepezil.

After gene mutation, the pcDNA3.1/APP595/596 plasmid was transfected into HEK293 cells to establish a cell model of Alzheimer's disease. The cell model was treated with donepezil or compound Danshen tablets after culture for 72 hours. Reverse transcription-PCR showed that the mRNA expression of amyloid protein precursor decreased in all groups following culture for 24 hours, and that there was no significant difference in the amount of decrease between donepezil and compound Danshen tablets. Our results suggest that compound Danshen tablets can reduce expression of the mRNA for amyloid protein precursor in a transgenic cell model of Alzheimer's disease, with similar effects to donepezil.

[Effects of acupoint thread implantation and Chinese herb on PTH and TGF-beta1 in the rate of chronic renal failure].

OBJECTIVE: To probe into the mechanisms of thread implantation at Zusanli(ST 36) and Chinese herbs in treatment of chronic renal failure(CRF). METHODS: CRF rat model was made by Platt subtotal nephrectomy. They were divided into 5 groups, sham operation group, model group, Chinese herbs group, thread implantation group and thread implantation plus Chinese herbs group. After treatment of 8 weeks, serum parathyroid hormone (PHT), transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1) expression in residual renal cells, malondialdehyde(MDA) content in the residual renal tissue, serum urea nitrogen(BUN) and creatinine(Scr), protein in urine and pathological changes were investigated. RESULTS: The above indexes after treatment by thread implantation at acupoint, Chinese herbs, and acupoint thread implantation plus Chinese herbs showed begin reversion, especially, the most obviously improvement in the acupoint thread implantation plus Chinese herbs treatment group. CONCLUSION: The mechanism of acupoint thread implantation and Chinese herbs in improvement of CRF is related with decrease of PTH, inhibition of TGF-beta1 expression, decrease of MDA content and resisting lesion of renal fibrosis.

[Effects of the volatile oil of Centipeda minima on acute pleural effusion in rats induced by an intrapleural injection of car].

OBJECTIVE: To study the anti-inflammation effect of volatile oil of Centipeda minima and the mechanism of action. METHOD: The animal model was induced by the Car injection into intrapleural of rats, to observe the effect of VOCM on acute inflammation. RESULT: VOCM was able to inhibit the increase of NO, CRP and proinflammatory cytokines such as TNFalpha in the acute inflammation of the rat body. CONCLUSION: VOCM has a protective effect on acute pleural effusion in rats induced by an intrapleural injection of Car.

[Studies on effects of xuedan on the experimental gastric ulcer].

OBJECTIVE: To study the protective effects of Xuedan on the experimental gastric ulcer and the effects of anti-inflammatory, analgesic and bacteriostasis. METHOD: The anti-gastric ulcer effects of Xuedan was investigated with gastric ulcer models induced by being immersed in cold water, having pylorus ligature and HAC injected into serous membrane in rats. The influence of gastric juice secrete in normal rats, the anti-inflammation action resulted from auricle swelling in mice, the analgesic action by mice body torsion method and the bacteriostotic effect in vitro were observed. RESULT: Xuedan could reduce the ulcer area and decrease ulcer index, and gastric juice secrete. The hydrochloric acid in gastric juice and the activity of pepsin were reduced in rats. It could inhibit and disinfect Helicobacter pylori, lessen auricle swelling and the number of body torsion in mice. CONCLUSION: Xuedan obvious preventive and treating effects on experimental gastric ulcer.