Clinical and pathological characteristics of gestational diabetes mellitus with different insulin resistance.

AIMS: To elucidate the clinical and pathological characteristics of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) with high and low insulin resistance. METHODS: In total, 1393 GDM and 1001 non-GDM singleton deliveries were included in this study. Insulin resistance subtypes were classified according to the HOMA2-IR value. Clinical data were analyzed using SPSS 26.0. Placenta samples were collected for pathological analysis. RESULTS: Maternal age and fasting glucose were identified as independent risk factors for GDM with high insulin resistance (p < 0.01), while fasting glucose was the sole risk factor for GDM with low insulin resistance (p < 0.001). Fetal distress was associated with both of GDM subtypes (both p < 0.01), while anemia, fetal growth restriction, large for gestational age and intrahepatic cholestasis in pregnancy were related to specific GDM insulin resistance subtype. In addition, GDM with high insulin resistance showed an increase of syncytial knots with down-regulation of PI3K/AKT signaling, while GDM with low insulin resistance showed normal syncytial knot counts and up-regulation of PI3K/AKT signaling. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings provide novel perspectives to the clinical and pathological comprehensions of GDM with high and low insulin resistance, which might facilitate the mechanism study of GDM and its precision pregnancy management.

[Clinical analysis of monochorionic-diamniotic twins with genetic discordance].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the genetic etiology of 5 cases of monochorionic-diamniotic (MCDA) with genetic discordance. METHODS: 148 cases of MCDA twins who were diagnosed by amniocentesis at the Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from January 2016 to June 2020 were selected as the study subjects. Relevant clinical data of the pregnant women were collected, and amniotic fluid samples of the twins were collected separately. Chromosomal karyotyping analysis and single nucleotide polymorphism array (SNP array) assay were carried out. RESULTS: The results of chromosomal karyotyping analysis showed that 5 of the MCDA twins had inconsistent chromosome karyotypes, with an incidence of 3.4% (5/148). SNP array assay showed that 3 fetuses were mosaics. CONCLUSION: Genetic discordance occurs among MCDA twins, and prenatal counseling for such cases should be given by doctors with experience in medical genetics and fetal medicine, and personalized clinical management should be recommended.

A new diterpenoid from the leaves of Platycladus orientalis.

A new diterpenoid, 17-methyl-8, 13-labdadien-15, 16-olid-19-oic acid methyl ester (1), along with two known compounds 2 and 3, were isolated from the leaves of Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco. The structures were confirmed based on the analysis of HR-MS, 1D-NMR, and 2D-NMR spectra and the configuration of 1 was confirmed by the single-crystal X-ray diffraction.

Monochorionic-Triamniotic Triplet Pregnancy Complicated by Twin Reversed Arterial Perfusion Sequence: Case Report and Literature Review.

Background Monochorionic-triamniotic pregnancies are rare and fraught with complications. Case A case of monochorionic-triamniotic triplet pregnancy complicated by twin reversed arterial perfusion (TRAP) sequence is presented. The patient declined termination or selective fetal reduction. Triplet C was acardiac. At 24 weeks, triplet B developed polyhydramnios. At 30 weeks, polyhydramnios was seen in all three amniotic sacs, but without signs of fetal hydrops and with normal Doppler velocimetry measurements in the umbilical artery, middle cerebral artery, and ductus arteriosus of triplets A and B. At 32 2/7 weeks, the patient presented with preterm premature rupture of membranes and preterm labor. Two live male infants were delivered by cesarean delivery weighing 1,350 and 1,390 g, respectively; the acardiac fetus weighed 1,460 g. Pathology examination revealed a single placenta weighing1,250 g, with evidence of direct vascular connections between triplets A and C as well as between triplets A and B. Conclusion Monochorionic-triamniotic triplet pregnancy with TRAP sequence is rare. Although the risk of complications is high, such pregnancies can be managed conservatively in select cases.

Simultaneous detection of assembly and disassembly of multivalent HA tag and anti-HA antibody in single in-capillary assay.

Herein, we have developed an in-capillary assay for simultaneous detection of the assembly and disassembly of the multivalent HA tag peptide and antibody. HA tag with hexahistidine at C terminus (YPYDVPDYAG4 H6 , termed YPYDH6 ) was conjugated with quantum dots (QDs) by metal-affinity force to form a multivalent HA tag (QD-YPYDH6 ). QD-YPYDH6 and monoclonal anti-HA antibody (anti-HA) were sequentially injected into the capillary. They were mixed and assembled inside the capillary. The reaction products were online discriminated and detected by fluorescence coupled capillary electrophoresis (CE-FL). For the in-capillary assay, the binding efficiency of the multivalent HA tag and antibody on was influenced by the molar ratio and injection time. Such novel assay could even give out the self-assembly kinetic constant of QDs and YPYDH6 as KD of 34.1 µM with n (binding cooperativeness) of 2.2 by Hill equation. More importantly, the simultaneous detection of the assembly and imidazole (Im) induced disassembly of the QD-YPYDH6 -anti-HA complex was achieved in a single in-capillary assay. Our study demonstrated a new method for the online detection of antigen-antibody interactions.

In-capillary detection of fast antibody-peptide binding using fluorescence coupled capillary electrophoresis.

Herein, we report a technique for detecting the fast binding of antibody-peptide inside a capillary. Anti-HA was mixed and interacted with FAM-labeled HA tag (FAM-E4 ) inside the capillary. Fluorescence coupled capillary electrophoresis (CE-FL) was employed to measure and record the binding process. The efficiency of the antibody-peptide binding on in-capillary assays was found to be affected by the molar ratio. Furthermore, the stability of anti-HA-FAM-E4 complex was investigated as well. The results indicated that E4 YPYDVPDYA (E4) or TAMRA-E4 YPYDVPDYA (TAMRA-E4) had the same binding priorities with anti-HA. The addition of excess E4 or TAMRA-E4 could lead to partial dissociation of the complex and take a two-step mechanism including dissociation and association. This method can be applied to detect a wide range of biomolecular interactions.

In-capillary self-assembly study of quantum dots and protein using fluorescence coupled capillary electrophoresis.

As a vast number of novel materials in particular inorganic nanoparticles have been invented and introduced to all aspects of life, public concerns about how they might affect our ecosystem and human life continue to arise. Such incertitude roots at a fundamental question of how inorganic nanoparticles self-assemble with biomolecules in solution. Various techniques have been developed to probe the interaction between particles and biomolecules, but very few if any can provide advantages of both rapid and convenient. Herein, we report a systematic investigation on quantum dots (QDs) and protein self-assembly inside a capillary. QDs and protein were injected to a capillary one after another. They were mixed inside the capillary when a high voltage was applied. Online separation and detection were then achieved. This new method can also be used to study the self-assembly kinetics of QDs and protein using the Hill equation, the KD value for the self-assembly of QDs and protein was calculated to be 8.8 µM. The obtained results were compared with the previous out of-capillary method and confirmed the effectiveness of the present method.