Faeces from malnourished colorectal cancer patients accelerate cancer progression.

BACKGROUD: Malnutrition has been confirmed to play an important role in colorectal cancer (CRC) progression via the gut microenvironment. However, the characteristics of the gut microbiota or its potential biological mechanism in CRC remain inconclusive. METHODS: In this work, Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) tool and 16sRNA sequencing were prepared to detect the variation in gut microbiota and the association between nutrition status and gut microbiota. RDA/CCA analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between faecal microbiota from malnourished CRC and clinical nutrition indicators. To investigate the mechanism of the gut microbiota in CRC, faecal samples from malnourished CRC patients were transplanted into C57BL/6J and DSS/AOM mouse models. Moreover, FACS and IHC were prepared to detect the infiltration of B cells and macrophages. qPCR and Elisa assays were performed to explore the expression of cytokines. RESULT: We found dramatic variation in the faecal microbiota among patients with different nutritional statuses, discovering that specific microbiota species, namely, Atopobium vaginae, Selenomonas sputigena and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, may be considered diagnostic biomarkers in malnutrition and indicate poor prognosis. High expression level of A. vaginae in CRC tissues revealed the poorer overall survival compared with low expression level (Mean survival: 23.0 months vs 29.0 months). Faecal from malnourished colorectal cancer were found to be protumorigenic. More importantly, our evidence suggests that after faecal microbiota transplantation, B cells and macrophages are recruited to activate specific tumour immunity in CRC. Depletion of B cells significantly suppressed faecal microbiota-induced M2b polarization as well as the protumorigenic activity of tumour-associated macrophages in vivo. CONCLUSION: Faecal microbiota in CRC under malnutrition conditions exhibits specific characteristics that accelerate CRC progression and regulate B cells and macrophages. The use of specific faecal microbial species could be a feasible approach for identifying the malnutrition status of patients and demonstrating the poor prognosis of CRC.

Research Progress on Effects of Gut Microbiome on Efficacy of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Colorectal Cancer / 肿瘤防治研究

With the rapid development of immunotherapy, an increasing number of immune checkpoint inhibitors have been used in clinical settings. Immunotherapy provides a new treatment option for patients with advanced colorectal cancer metastasis. Studies have confirmed that patients with metastatic colorectal cancer with dMMR/MSI-H status are more sensitive to immunotherapy and have a more objective and sustained clinical response than their counterparts. Gut microbiome has been proved to play a certain regulatory role in tumor immunotherapy response, and some bacteria can affect the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors through the immune system or metabolic function of the body. With the progress of the study, the gut microbiome is expected to become not only the predictive biomarkers of curative effect of colorectal cancer immunotherapy, but it can also be a key regulatory factor influencing the results of colorectal cancer immunotherapy. For future clinical treatment, the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors may benefit patients with advanced colorectal cancer.

Clinical classification of osteoradionecrosis of temporal bone and the treatment of massive osteonecrosis / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the effective treatment regimen for osteoradionecrosis of temporal bone.@*METHOD@#Twenty-seven patients with massive osteoradionecrosis in temporal bone were included and retrospectively analyzed, in which, 15 cases received surgery and the other 12 cases adopted non-surgical treatment.@*RESULT@#In the surgery group, three cases died one year postoperatively and died of massive hemorrhage due to internal carotid blowout. One case died four years after surgery without clear cause of death, and two cases were lost to follow up. Out of the nine survivors, the follow up period ranged from four months to eight years (one was followed up eight years, one was followed up over four years, four were followed up two-three years, one was followed up over one year, one was followed up nine months, and one was followed up four months, respectively). Patients classified as the type III received best outcome, and patients of type V and IV without invasion of the internal carotid artery received good surgical effects, while patients classified as the type IV with internal carotid artery invasion presented low survival rate. Two cases in the non-surgical group died of internal carotid rupture, and the other ten cases presented with repeated infection and expansion of the osteoradionecrosis lesion.@*CONCLUSION@#The new classification criteria is helpful in diagnosis of location of lesions,and can serve as a guide for clinical therapy. Massive osteoradionecrosis in temporal bone responded unfavorably to conservative treatment, compared to that, surgery can effectively control the expansion of the lesion and markedly improve patient quality of life. Long-term follow up is necessary because of the slow development of osteoradionecrosis after surgery.

Clinic Observation of Tiepi Fengdou Granule as Adjuvant Treatment in Cancer Patients During Chemotherapy / 浙江中医药大学学报

[Objective] To evaluate the effect of Tiepi Fengdou Granule(TFG) as adjuvant treatment in cancer patients during chemotherapy.[Methods] Twenty patients were treated with TFG,and then we added up integral calculus of Yin Deficiency symptoms,tested blood routine,hepatic and renal function and subgroup of T-cell and NK cell.[Results] The Yin Deficiency symptoms of 7 cases(35%) were improved significantly,and 13 cases were partly improved(65%).Each integral calculus of Yin Deficiency symptoms was descended.The tested blood routine,hepatic function and subgroup of T-cell and NK cell were changed significantly.[Conclusions] TFG could control the symptoms of Yin Deficiency and improve immune function for cancer chemotherapy patients.

Experimental Study of the Qi Deficiency and Blood Stasis Syndrome Related to Artificial Hematogenous Metastasis of Conlon Cancer in Balb/c Rats / 中华中医药杂志

Objective :To Study the Relationship between the Qi Deficiency and Blood Stasis Syndrome and artificial hematogenous metastasis of colon cancer by establishing a compound model of Qi Deficiency and Blood Stasis Syndrome and artificial hematogenous metastasis of colon cancer. Methods:Thirty six eight-weeks old female Balb/c rats were divided into six groups randomly:control group ,stasis group,tumor groupA、B ,stasis and tumor groupA、B. We observed the survival time of tumor groupB and stasis and tumor groupB. At the 28th day,after killing the mice of the other groups,we detected the whole blood viscosity and the amounts of metastasis tubercle on lung. Results:The weight of the stasis group increase more slowly than control group(P

Balloon Catheter Dilation of Anastomotic Esophageal Strictures in Infant / 介入放射学杂志

Purpose:Balloon catheter dilation was performed in 4 young infants with anas- tomotic esophageal strictures.To discuss the method of balloon dilation and evaluation of successful. Materials and Methods:The 4 cases had an anastomotic stricture after surgical correction of esophageal atresia.Their age range was 2 to 15 months.Each case had a barium esophagram before balloon dilation.The diameter of esophageal stricture ranged from 3 to 6mm.The balloon size from 3 to 15mm in diameter.Results:All of the 4 cases complete resolution of the strictures was achieved after 1 to 4 dilations.There was no esophageal perforation.Conclution:Balloon catheter dilation presented in the paper is a simple,safe and reliable one for the treatment of anastomotic esophageal stricture in young infant as first choice treatment.