Broad spectrum inhibitors of 3C and 3CL proteases:research advances / 国际药学研究杂志

Picornaviruses(PV)and coronaviruses(CoV) are positive-stranded RNA viruses. Pathogens in the family can cause hand,foot and mouth disease,myocarditis, common cold ,severe respiratory and intestinal diseases. 3C and 3CL proteases, belonging to cysteine proteases,are required to process polyproteins into mature proteins for viral replication,which plays an impor?tant role in viral replication because substrate binding sites are highly conservative and have similar catalytic mechanism. 3C and 3CL proteases are different from protease in the human body ,which represents a promising anti-viral drug target. Using 3C and 3CL pro?teinase structural similarities,broad spectrum protease inhibitors have been found successfully. This review describes recent develop?ments of broad spectrum protease inhibitors targeting on 3C and 3CL proteases,and briefly illustrates the mechanism of the inhibitors, which may benefit to the development of virus therapy.

Factors Affecting the Effect of Treatment of VCM Based on the Quantity of MRSA for Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia / 医薬品情報学

<b>Objective: </b>To determine the factors affecting the antimicrobial effect of VCM on MRSA.<br><b>Study Design: </b>Case series study.<br><b>Methods: </b>This study was conducted on pneumonia patients admitted to a university-affiliated hospital between January 2000 and December 2008 and had MRSA in their sputum culture.  From seven days prior to the starting VCM administration through the end of the administration, detailed information such as underlying diseases, VCM serum concentration and quantity of MRSA were recorded.  Logistic regression analysis was carried out on current diseases, trough concentration, surgery experience, and the detection of Gram-negative bacteria to verify the antimicrobial effect of VCM.<br><b>Results: </b>The number of subjects investigated this study was 55 subjects.  Multiple logistic regression analysis did not yield any significant factors when carried out using the factors affecting the antimicrobial effect of VCM on MRSA as independent variables.<br><b>Conclusions: </b>Multivariable analysis yielded no factors as being significant in affecting the antimicrobial effect of VCM, but did indicate in that patients aged 70 and older, the antimicrobial effect of VCM was poor for MRSA.  This suggests that when pharmacists intervene in antimicrobial treatment for improved effects, it is important to consider not only the serum concentration of VCM, but also the background of the patient.

Healthcare public key infrastructure (HPKI) and non-profit organization (NPO): essentials for healthcare data exchange.

To share healthcare information and to promote cooperation among healthcare providers and customers (patients) under computerized network environment, a non-profit organization (NPO), named as OCHIS, was established at Osaka, Japan in 2003. Since security and confidentiality issues on the Internet have been major concerns in the OCHIS, the system has been based on healthcare public key infrastructure (HPKI), and found that there remained problems to be solved technically and operationally. An experimental study was conducted to elucidate the central and the local function in terms of a registration authority and a time stamp authority by contracting with the Ministry of Economics and Trading Industries in 2003. This paper describes the experimental design with NPO and the results of the study concerning message security and HPKI. The developed system has been operated practically in Osaka urban area.

An assessment of PKI and networked electronic patient record system: lessons learned from real patient data exchange at the platform of OCHIS (Osaka Community Healthcare Information System).

To enhance medical cooperation between the hospitals and clinics around Osaka local area, the healthcare network system, named Osaka Community Healthcare Information System (OCHIS), was established with support of a supplementary budget from the Japanese government in fiscal year 2002. Although the system has been based on healthcare public key infrastructure (PKI), there remain security issues to be solved technically and operationally. An experimental study was conducted to elucidate the central and the local function in terms of a registration authority and a time stamp authority in contract with the Japanese Medical Information Systems Organization (MEDIS) in 2003. This paper describes the experimental design and the results of the study concerning message security.

Health care quality management by means of an incident report system and an electronic patient record system.

BACKGROUND: Quality management in health care services has not been as successful as in other industries. OBJECTIVE: To assess the potential contribution of an on-line incident reporting system (OIRS) and of an electronic patient record (EPR) system to quality management in hospitals. METHODS: The two approaches are being implemented in Osaka University Hospital. RESULTS: Analysis of the early use of the on-line reporting system indicates that this qualitative approach has been effective to avoid adverse medical events. The quantitative methodology with the EPR is still in the phase of developing. CONCLUSION: Direct data entry by medical staff and an EPR based on dynamic templates and a dynamic problem oriented approach could be useful for building clinical data repositories that can support clinical quality management.