Personality Pathology and Suicide Risk: Examining the Relationship Between DSM-5 Alternative Model Traits and Suicidal Ideation and Behavior in College-Aged Individuals.

BACKGROUND: This study examines the link between personality pathology and suicide risk regarding the DSM-5 alternative model of personality disorders. METHOD: The study investigates the facets, domains, internalizing, and externalizing of personality pathology and their correlation and predictive significance for suicidal ideation and behavior. This study examined a diverse and balanced sample of 1,398 college students aged between 18- and 29-year-olds from nine colleges in Kafrelshiekh University, with nearly equal representation of both genders (687 males, 711 females), a mix of rural and urban residents (807 rural, 591 urban), and a wide range of socioeconomic backgrounds (15 very low SES, 84 low SES, 878 moderate SES, 364 high SES, and 57 very high SES). The Personality Inventory for the DSM-5 (PID-5) was utilized to assess personality pathology. Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) was used to evaluate suicidal ideation and behavior. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Logistic regression reveals significant associations between personality traits and suicidal ideation (e.g., Anhedonia, Suspiciousness) and behavior (e.g., Risk Taking, Depressivity). Negative Affect and Detachment are significantly linked to suicidal ideation, while Detachment, Disinhibition, and Psychoticism are linked to suicidal behavior. Internalizing personality pathology predicts both ideation and behavior, indicating a contribution to suicidal thoughts and self-destructive acts. Externalizing is a significant predictor of suicidal behavior.

The 5-factor model of psychological response to COVID-19: its correlation with anxiety and depression.

The present study aimed to investigate the psychological response to COVID-19 on a community Egyptian sample and the correlation thereof with anxiety and depression. Further, we aimed to explore the differences in the psychological response and psychopathology in terms of demographics. We developed a COVID-19 Psychological Response Questionnaire (CPRQ). Further, we estimated the factor structure and internal consistency of CPRQ. Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) was utilized to assess Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) was utilized to assess Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD). The sample comprised 7015 participants whose ages ranged between 18 and 70 years. The present study results yielded a 5-factor model of psychological response to COVID-19 (the factors are Anxiousness, Social Support, Avoiding/Cleaning, Depressivity, and Medical Concern). In terms of reliability, the internal consistency of the above factors was acceptable except for Depressivity. There were significant positive correlations between two factors (Anxiousness and Depressivity) and both MDD and GAD. In terms of demographic characteristics, females had the highest values on Anxiousness, Avoiding/Cleaning, Depressivity, MDD, and GAD. Generally, the 5-factor model reflects the psychological response to COVID-19 during the period of the outbreak. Further, this model reflects several concepts regarding models and theories of health-related behaviors. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12144-021-01701-y.