Contributions of Modifiable Risk Factors to Dementia Incidence: A Bayesian Network Analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To determine and compare the contributions of modifiable risk factors (RFs) with the prevention of dementia in older adults. DESIGN: A systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis (NMA). The observational group was set as a reference to collect all existing RFs and compare them with each other. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: An exhaustive and comprehensive literature search strategy was used to identify relevant prospective cohort studies from several online databases from their inception to May 1, 2019. Participants without dementia were adults aged greater than 50 years. MEASURES: The required data were extracted from the eligible studies to facilitate the Bayesian NMA. RESULTS: Forty-three cohort studies with 277,294 participants were included in this NMA. Using the observation group as the reference, all defined RFs, except for antioxidants, were associated with lower risks of all-cause dementia [no sleep disturbances (odds ratio, OR 0.43, 95% credible interval, CrI 0.24-0.62), a high level of education (OR 0.50, 95% CrI 0.34-0.66), no history of diabetes (OR 0.57, 95% CrI 0.36-0.78), nonobese patients (OR 0.61, 95% CrI 0.39-0.83), no smoking history (OR 0.62, 95% CrI 0.45-0.79), living with family members (OR 0.67, 95% CrI 0.45-0.89), participation in physical exercise (OR 0.73, 95% CrI 0.46-0.94), abstinence from drinking (OR 0.78, 95% CrI 0.56-0.99), and no history of hypertension (OR 0.80, 95% CrI 0.65-0.96)]. CONCLUSIONS/RELEVANCE: The findings provide reliable support for the hypothesis that modifiable somatic and lifestyle factors are strong predictors of all-cause dementia.

Non-pharmacological therapeutic strategy options for patients with dementia based on cognitive function-A Bayesian network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Dementia represents one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders in older adults. However, it is still unclear whether non-pharmacological therapies (NPTs) are effective or not and which treatment should be preferred. We applied a series of search strategies to identify eligible randomized controlled trials on 1st October, 2018, investigating the effects of NPTs of dementia in the older persons. Pairwise and network meta-analyses were sequentially performed. A total of 31 trials were included, which enrolled 1895 participants and 7 NPTs. Compared with control group, all the NPTs included were statistically beneficial to cognitive function, and our study indicated Comprehensive Therapy(CT) [the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA = 92.42%)] might be the best choice for dementia patients. Our study suggests CT might be the optimal NPT for improving the cognitive function of dementia patients. However, the above conclusions need to be further analyzed.

The optimal treatment for improving cognitive function in elder people with mild cognitive impairment incorporating Bayesian network meta-analysis and systematic review.

It's widely acknowledged that, as a neurodegenerative aging disease representing an intermediate stage between cognitive intactness and Alzheimer's disease (AD), Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) poses an excessive burden on patients' well-being, family members, health-care providers as well as the whole society. This study focuses on three cognitive interventions proposed by Clare and Woods, which are, Cognitive stimulation (CS), Cognitive training (CT) and Cognitive rehabilitation (CR). Our Network meta-analysis (NMA) aims to compar them with one another to determine the optimal cognitive intervention for elderly adults with MCI in improving their cognitive function. We applied extensive strategies to preliminary literature retrieval to identify relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) which scrupulously compared any two of the three cognitive interventions with one another or any one of the three with a control group as the placebo or non-active group in treating elder patients with MCI in accordance with Petersen's criteria. Our NMA of cognitive interventions for patients diagnosed with MCI appraised the relative effectiveness of cognitive interventions across trials simultaneously. Our study attempts to summarize available data to suggest that CS (Mean difference [MD] = 0.95, 95% confidence interval [CI]:0.27, 1.70) and CT (MD = 0.70, [CI]:0.11,1.30) were significantly beneficial to MCI patients for improving their cognition status while CR (MD = 0.59, [CI]:-0.30,1.50) scored lowest. Our study suggested CS was most likely to be the best intervention for improving the cognitive function of MCI patients.