RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Neurobrucellosis is a rare complication of brucellosis, a bacterial zoonotic disease endemic in regions such as the Middle East. It is important to be alert for this imported disease in the Netherlands as well, especially among migrants. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 14-year-old boy from Syria presented with headache, vomiting and weight loss. Brucella melitensis was identified in the cerebrospinal fluid. The patient's condition deteriorated despite antibiotic treatment, particularly neurologically, and imaging revealed a newly developed hydrocephalus. The symptoms disappeared after placement of a temporary external ventricular drain. The patient made a complete recovery following 8 months of continual antibiotic therapy. CONCLUSION: Diagnosis and treatment were delayed, partly because there were no medical records available, previous treatment had been interrupted when the patient fled the country, and the language barrier. Knowledge of previous medical history and of the epidemiology of infectious diseases in the land of origin is particularly important when treating migrants. Treating brucellosis with antibiotics can lead to clinical deterioration due to a Jarisch-Herxheimer-like phenomenon.
