Virtual functional mobility test: A potential novel tool for assessing mobility of individuals with Parkinson's disease in a multitask condition.

There are few instruments available for evaluating functional mobility during multitasking in people with Parkinson's Disease (PD). Virtual Reality is a potentially tool capable of aiding in the evaluation of functional mobility. The purpose of this study is to verify the potential of the Virtual Functional Mobility Test (VFMT) as a clinical tool to assess functional mobility of people with PD during multitasking condition. 25 people with PD and 25 people without PD, matched for age and sex, were recruited. Participants were evaluated through the Trail Making Test, Timed "UP and GO" test, Timed "UP and GO" test in dual task condition and through the VFMT, composed of 1) a simple task, and 2) a complex task. The VFMT and clinical tests were sensitive to differentiate the groups, except the trail making test part B (p = 0.332) and complex task (p = 0.052). Strong correlations were observed between parts A and B of the trail making test (r = 0.75) and complex task (r = 0.72); Moderate correlations between Timed Up and Go test and Timed Up and Go test in dual task condition with simple task (r = 0.47) and complex task (r = 0.55), respectively, were found. The complex task and simple task showed excellent and moderate reliability intra-rater, respectively. It was concluded that the novel VFMT is feasible, sensible, reliable and has potential as an instrument for the evaluation of functional mobility during multitasking in people with PD.

Race-Specific Pharmacodynamic Model of Propofol-Induced Loss of Consciousness.

We present a race-specific model of propofol-induced loss of consciousness that is based on pharmacodynamic data collected and adapted from the peer-reviewed literature. In the proposed race-specific model that includes EC05 and EC95 concentrations, the median (EC50) (and where available 95%CI) propofol concentrations at the effect site compartment for propofol-induced loss of consciousness for whites, Chinese, blacks, and Indians are 2.8 (2.7-2.9), 2.2 (2.2-2.3), 2.0, and 1.9 µg/mL, respectively.