Epidemiological profile of rosacea in dermatology outpatient clinics in Brazil: an observational report from the Brazilian study group on rosacea.

BACKGROUND: Rosacea prevalence varies worldwide and there is a lack of information in Brazil. OBJECTIVES: To describe the epidemiological profile of rosacea in subjects who consulted in dermatological outpatient clinics in Brazil. MATERIALS & METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 13 dermatological outpatient clinics across the country. Patients with rosacea diagnosis were eligible for the study according to the investigator's clinical assessment. Clinical, social and demographic data were collected. The overall and regional rosacea prevalence was calculated, and association with baseline characteristics was analysed. RESULTS: A total of 3,184 subjects were enrolled, and rosacea prevalence was 12.7%. The southern region of Brazil presented a higher prevalence, followed by the southeast. The subjects in the rosacea group were older than those without rosacea (52.5 ±14.9 vs. 47.5 ±17.5; p<0.001). Moreover, the rosacea group was associated with Fitzpatrick's phototypes I and II, Caucasian ethnicity, a family history of rosacea, and facial erythema, however, no association with gender was found. The most prevalent clinical sign and clinical subtype in rosacea patients were erythema and erythematotelangiectatic, respectively. CONCLUSION: Rosacea is highly prevalent in Brazil, mostly in the southern region, associated with phototypes I and II and a family history.

Effects of tacrolimus and insulin in a liver regeneration model in growing animals with portal vein stenosis: immunohistochemical and molecular studies.

The aim of the present investigation was to describe a new model of liver regeneration in growing rats with reduced portal flow. In addition, it was studied whether tacrolimus and insulin could have any pro-regenerative effect under such conditions. Ninety-five rats were divided into five groups: Group 1 (sham), abdominal incision without intervention; Group 2, 70% hepatectomy; Group 3, 70% hepatectomy + PV stenosis; Group 4, 70% hepatectomy + portal vein stenosis + insulin; and Group 5, 70% hepatectomy + portal vein stenosis + tacrolimus. The remnant liver lobes were harvested for analyses. The liver weight decreased in the PV stenosis group and it increased with the use of insulin and tacrolimus. The mitotic activity was higher in the hepatectomy, insulin and tacrolimus groups and this parameter was reduced by portal stenosis. Levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6) were higher in the hepatectomy group compared to the sham and PV stenosis groups. The expression of IL-6 and Ki67 was significantly increased in the insulin and tacrolimus groups compared to the portal stenosis group. A highly reproducible model was standardized to study liver regeneration with portal blood inflow reduction in weaning rats. It was demonstrated that insulin or tacrolimus administration may partially reverse the harmful effects of PV stenosis.