Galactose-1-phosphate inhibits cytochrome c oxidase and causes mitochondrial dysfunction in classic galactosemia.

Classic galactosemia is an inborn error of metabolism caused by mutations in the GALT gene resulting in the diminished activity of the galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase enzyme. This reduced GALT activity leads to the buildup of the toxic intermediate galactose-1-phosphate and a decrease in ATP levels upon exposure to galactose. In this work, we focused our attention on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in the context of this metabolic disorder. We observed that galactose-1-phosphate accumulation reduced respiratory rates in vivo and changed mitochondrial function and morphology in yeast models of galactosemia. These alterations are harmful to yeast cells since the mitochondrial retrograde response is activated as part of the cellular adaptation to galactose toxicity. In addition, we found that galactose-1-phosphate directly impairs cytochrome c oxidase activity of mitochondrial preparations derived from yeast, rat liver, and human cell lines. These results highlight the evolutionary conservation of this biochemical effect. Finally, we discovered that two compounds - oleic acid and dihydrolipoic acid - that can improve the growth of cell models of mitochondrial diseases, were also able to improve galactose tolerance in this model of galactosemia. These results reveal a new molecular mechanism relevant to the pathophysiology of classic galactosemia - galactose-1-phosphate-dependent mitochondrial dysfunction - and suggest that therapies designed to treat mitochondrial diseases may be repurposed to treat galactosemia.

Sexual and reproductive health: analysis of the content published in two Brazilian scientific nursing events.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the content published in the Proceedings of the 71st Brazilian Nursing Congress and the 20th National Research Seminar in the field of sexual and reproductive health. METHOD: Qualitative, descriptive study, whose data sources were the annalsof two 2019 events that were related to Sexual and Reproductive Health. Content analysis and lexical typology were carried out with the aid of the IRAMUTEq® software. RESULTS: In a universe of 3,433 abstracts, 603 were analyzed and showed a higher prevalence of qualitative studies and experience reports, focusing on the maternal-child area and on the pathologizing and medicalizing processes of women's health, with incipient use of software in the analysis. However, there were signs of health promotion and humanized care. CONCLUSION: The dissemination of studies in the field of sexual and Reproductive Health seems to be in a conflict between accommodation and resistance, at the same time that it maintains old imperatives of the hegemonic domain, seeking to overcome them with new methodologies and care based on integrality and equity.

The effects of Facebook and Instagram on the 2020 election: A deactivation experiment.

We study the effect of Facebook and Instagram access on political beliefs, attitudes, and behavior by randomizing a subset of 19,857 Facebook users and 15,585 Instagram users to deactivate their accounts for 6 wk before the 2020 U.S. election. We report four key findings. First, both Facebook and Instagram deactivation reduced an index of political participation (driven mainly by reduced participation online). Second, Facebook deactivation had no significant effect on an index of knowledge, but secondary analyses suggest that it reduced knowledge of general news while possibly also decreasing belief in misinformation circulating online. Third, Facebook deactivation may have reduced self-reported net votes for Trump, though this effect does not meet our preregistered significance threshold. Finally, the effects of both Facebook and Instagram deactivation on affective and issue polarization, perceived legitimacy of the election, candidate favorability, and voter turnout were all precisely estimated and close to zero.

Correlation between estimated pulse wave velocity values from two equations in healthy and under cardiovascular risk populations.

INTRODUCTION: Equations can calculate pulse wave velocity (ePWV) from blood pressure values (BP) and age. The ePWV predicts cardiovascular events beyond carotid-femoral PWV. We aimed to evaluate the correlation between four different equations to calculate ePWV. METHODS: The ePWV was estimated utilizing mean BP (MBP) from office BP (MBPOBP) or 24-hour ambulatory BP (MBP24-hBP). We separated the whole sample into two groups: individuals with risk factors and healthy individuals. The e-PWV was calculated as follows: [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] We calculated the concordance correlation coefficient (Pc) between e1-PWVOBP vs e2-PWVOBP, e1-PWV24-hBP vs e2-PWV24-hBP, and mean values of e1-PWVOBP, e2-PWVOBP, e1-PWV24-hBP and e2-PWV24-hBP. The multilevel regression model determined how much the ePWVs are influenced by age and MBP values. RESULTS: We analyzed data from 1541 individuals; 1374 ones with risk factors and 167 healthy ones. The values are presented for the entire sample, for risk-factor patients and for healthy individuals respectively. The correlation between e1-PWVOBP with e2-PWVOBP and e1-PWV24-hBP with e2-PWV24-hBP was almost perfect. The Pc for e1-PWVOBP vs e2-PWVOBP was 0.996 (0.995-0.996), 0.996 (0.995-0.996), and 0.994 (0.992-0.995); furthermore, it was 0.994 (0.993-0.995), 0.994 (0.994-0.995), 0.987 (0.983-0.990) to the e1-PWV24-hBP vs e2-PWV24-hBP. There were no significant differences between mean values (m/s) for e1-PWVOBP vs e2-PWVOBP 8.98±1.9 vs 8.97±1.8; p = 0.88, 9.14±1.8 vs 9.13±1.8; p = 0.88, and 7.57±1.3 vs 7.65±1.3; p = 0.5; mean values are also similar for e1-PWV24-hBP vs e2-PWV24-hBP, 8.36±1.7 vs 8.46±1.6; p = 0.09, 8.50±1.7 vs 8.58±1.7; p = 0.21 and 7.26±1.3 vs 7.39±1.2; p = 0.34. The multiple linear regression showed that age, MBP, and age2 predicted more than 99.5% of all four e-PWV. CONCLUSION: Our data presents a nearly perfect correlation between the values of two equations to calculate the estimated PWV, whether utilizing office or ambulatory blood pressure.

Beliefs and practices of the nursing team related to pressure injury preventive measures: A analysis of social representations.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To analyse the process of elaborating social representations about pressure injury preventive measures by the nursing team (nurses and nurse technicians) and how this process relates to preventive practices for hospitalized patients. DESIGN: Qualitative study, with the application of the theory of social representations in its procedural methodological approach. METHODS: The study was carried out in an inpatient clinic of a public hospital in the state of Rondônia, Brazil. Totally, 28 nursing professionals in the medical clinic sectors who had worked directly with patient care for more than 6 months participated. The data were collected between July and September 2021 via in-depth interviews with the application of a semi-structured instrument. Analysis was carried out with the help of ALCESTE software, which performed a lexicographic analysis, and also via thematic analysis. The COREQ guided the presentation of the research report. RESULTS: The social representations were developed based on the professionals' symbolic beliefs about the visibility/invisibility of the results of applying preventive care. These symbolic constructions mobilized positive and negative feelings among the nursing team, which guided the classification of prevention practices as being of greater or lesser priority among other care activities. There were favourable attitudes among professionals, which included applying prevention measures in their daily routines, and unfavourable attitudes of non-adherence to the institution's protocol for preventing pressure injuries. CONCLUSIONS: The nursing team's perception of pressure injury prevention is influenced by symbolic, affective, values, and social dimensions. Non-adherence behaviours are attributed to the belief in the invisibility of prevention outcomes, resulting in a reluctance to implement preventive measures. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Understanding the subjective logic that explains the thinking and actions of the nursing team suggests the need to incorporate discussions on beliefs, values, sentiments, and attitudes of nursing professionals into educational programs on pressure injury prevention. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: No public contribution.

Sexual and reproductive health: analysis of the content published in two Brazilian scientific nursing events / Salud sexual y reproductiva: análisis de contenidos publicados en dos eventos científicos de enfermería brasileños / Saúde sexual e reprodutiva: análise de conteúdo publicado em dois eventos científicos brasileiros de enfermagem

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the content published in the Proceedings of the 71st Brazilian Nursing Congress and the 20th National Research Seminar in the field of sexual and reproductive health. Method: Qualitative, descriptive study, whose data sources were the annalsof two 2019 events that were related to Sexual and Reproductive Health. Content analysis and lexical typology were carried out with the aid of the IRAMUTEq® software. Results: In a universe of 3,433 abstracts, 603 were analyzed and showed a higher prevalence of qualitative studies and experience reports, focusing on the maternal-child area and on the pathologizing and medicalizing processes of women's health, with incipient use of software in the analysis. However, there were signs of health promotion and humanized care. Conclusion: The dissemination of studies in the field of sexual and Reproductive Health seems to be in a conflict between accommodation and resistance, at the same time that it maintains old imperatives of the hegemonic domain, seeking to overcome them with new methodologies and care based on integrality and equity.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar el contenido publicado en los anales del 71° Congreso Brasileño de Enfermería y del 20° Seminário Nacional de Investigación en Enfermería en el área de salud sexual y reproductiva Método: Estudio cualitativo y descriptivo, cuyas fuentes de datos fueron resúmenes con temas relacionados con la Salud Sexual y Reproductiva en los anales de eventos de 2019. El análisis de contenido y de tipo lexical se realizaron con ayuda del software IRAMUTEq®. Resultados: De los 3.433 resúmenes, se analizaron 603, la mayoría de los cuales eran estudios cualitativos y relato de experiencias, con foco en el área materno-infantil y los procesos patologizantes y medicalizantes de la salud de la mujer. Sin embargo, buscan traer perspectivas de promoción de la salud y atención humanizada. Conclusión: La difusión de estudios en Salud Sexual y Reproductiva parece estar en un conflicto entre acomodaciones y resistencias, manteniendo viejos imperativos del dominio hegemónico, pero buscando superarlos con nuevas metodologías y cuidados basados en integralidad y equidad.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar o conteúdo publicado nos Anais do 71º Congresso Brasileiro de Enfermagem e do 20º Seminário Nacional de Pesquisa em Enfermagem na área da saúde sexual e reprodutiva. Método: Estudo qualitativo, descritivo, cujas fontes de dados foram resumos com temáticas referentes à Saúde Sexual e Reprodutiva nos Anais de 2019 dos eventos. Realizou-se análise de conteúdo, tipo lexical com auxílio do software IRAMUTEq®. Resultados: Dos 3.433 resumos recrutados foram analisados 603, sendo grande parte de estudos qualitativos e relato de experiências, com enfoque na área materno-infantil e nos processos patologizantes e medicalizadores da saúde da mulher. Entretanto, houve sinalizações de promoção de saúde e cuidados humanizados. Conclusão: A divulgação dos estudos da Área da Saúde Sexual e Reprodutiva parece estar num conflito entre acomodação e resistência, pois, ao mesmo tempo que mantém antigos imperativos do domínio hegemônico, busca superá-los com novas metodologias e cuidados pautados na integralidade e equidade.

Identity dimension of rural women and the sexual and reproductive health.

OBJECTIVES: to analyze the social representations of rural women about being a woman in the rural context and its implications for sexual and reproductive health. METHODS: this is a descriptive qualitative study with data triangulation, based on the Theory of Social Representations, developed with 31 women who live in the rural context of Minas Gerais (MG/BR). An in-depth interview with a semi-structured script was conducted. A lexical analysis was performed with the help of the ALCESTE 2012 software. RESULTS: the family relationship, especially the couple's, demonstrated subjectivities and was permeated by violence and normalized sexual practice. The imagery dimension of the ideal family seems to be responsible for exerting domination over rural women. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: rural women are subject to the norms and prescriptions of a patriarchal society. It is urgent to increase attention to sexual and reproductive health in an egalitarian and liberating way in order to minimize the consequences of machismo and conservatism.

Transsexuality and health demands: representations of nursing students.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the social representations of nursing students about transsexuality and the health demands of transsexual people. METHODS: Qualitative, descriptive research with undergraduate nursing students from a public university in Rio de Janeiro/Brazil. The data came from a semi-structured interview and lexical analysis using Alceste 2012 software. RESULTS: Transsexuality was represented as a transgression, with the transsexual person being objectified as unnatural because they do not identify with their biological sex. Hormone therapy and sex reassignment surgeries were understood as the main demands, being anchored in a pathologizing and medicalizing health sphere. However, the theme is not addressed during graduation, generating unpreparedness for professional life. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: The need to update the academic curriculum, as well as the way of thinking about the care of transsexual people, is essential and urgent for an integral and equitable care.

Distribuição espacial e temporal da sífilis congênita na população potiguar / Spatial and temporal distribution of congenital syphilis in the potiguar population / Distribución espacial y temporal de sífilis congénita en la población potiguar

Objetivo: Descrever a distribuição temporal e espacial dos casos confirmados de sífilis congênita no estado do Rio Grande do Norte, entre os anos de 2007 e 2017. Métodos: Estudo ecológico. Os dados foram obtidos do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação por meio do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde. Resultados: Ocorreram 3.344 casos, a menor incidência foi em 2007 (2,49) e a maior em 2017 (10,26). Houve maiores taxas de incidência em São Gonçalo do Amarante (620,69), Macaíba (49,26) e Mossoró (892,86) em anos diferentes. Identificou-se autocorrelação espacial da taxa de incidência por sífilis congênita nos anos de 2008 (p-valor 0,01; I= 0,18) e 2014 (p-valor 0,04; I= 0,04). Conclusão: A sífilis congênita apresenta crescimento no estado e sua distribuição está mais frequente em municípios da região metropolitana e em cidade interiorana, onde existem situações contextuais que influenciam nas taxas de incidência. (AU)

Objective: To describe the temporal and spatial distribution of confirmed cases of congenital syphilis in the state of Rio Grande do Norte between the years 2007 and 2017. Methods: Ecological study. Data were obtained from the Notifiable Diseases Information System through the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System. Results: There were 3,344 cases, the lowest incidence was in 2007 (2.49) and the highest in 2017 (10.26). There were higher incidence rates in São Gonçalo do Amarante (620.69), Macaíba (49.26) and Mossoró (892.86) in different years. Spatial autocorrelation of the incidence rate for congenital syphilis was identified in the years 2008 (p-value 0.01; I = 0.18) and 2014 (p-value 0.04; I = 0.04). Conclusion: Congenital syphilis is growing in the state and its distribution is more frequent in municipalities in the metropolitan region and in an inland city, where there are contextual situations that influence incidence rates. (AU)

Objetivo: Describir la distribución temporal y espacial de casos confirmados de sífilis congénita en el estado de Rio Grande do Norte entre los años 2007 y 2017. Métodos: Estudio ecológico. Los datos se obtuvieron del Sistema de Información de Enfermedades de Notificación a través del Departamento de Informática del Sistema Único de Salud. Resultados: Hubo 3,344 casos, la incidencia más baja fue en 2007 (2,49) y la más alta en 2017 (10,26). Hubo tasas de incidencia más altas en São Gonçalo do Amarante (620.69), Macaíba (49.26) y Mossoró (892.86) en diferentes años. La autocorrelación espacial de la tasa de incidencia de sífilis congénita se identificó en los años 2008 (valor p 0.01; I = 0.18) y 2014 (valor p 0.04; I = 0.04). Conclusión: La sífilis congénita está creciendo en el estado y su distribución es más frecuente en los municipios de la región metropolitana y en una ciudad del interior, donde existen situaciones contextuales que influyen en las tasas de incidencia. (AU)

Perfil clínico y sociodemográfico de usuarios con enfermedades crónicas en atención primaria de salud / Perfil clínico e sociodemográfico de usuários com doenças crônicas na atenção primária à saúde / Clinical and sociodemographic profile of users with chronic diseases in primary health care

Objetivo: Describir el perfil clínico y sociodemográfico de vida y salud de los usuarios con enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles en la Atención Primaria de Salud. Método: Estudio transversal con 80 usuarios con enfermedades crónicas en Rio Grande do Norte. Se aplicó un formulario validado entre enero de 2018 y marzo de 2020. Los resultados se analizaron con frecuencias relativas y absolutas e intervalo de confianza del 95%. Resultados: Prevalecieron las usuarias (87,5%), adulto mayor (51,3%), moreno (53,8%), empleo informal (53,75%), primaria incompleta (62,6%), ingreso superior a un salario mínimo (51,3%), totalmente dependientes de la asistencia del Sistema Único de Salud (93,85%) y fueron monitoreados por la Estrategia Salud de la Familia (91,2%). En cuanto a la salud, se destacaron las enfermedades crónicas Hipertensión Arterial (82,5%) y Diabetes Mellitus (56,3%), sin embargo, (68,8%) no tenían antecedentes de hospitalización por complicación de la enfermedad crónica. Conclusión: El envejecimiento es un factor importante para la presencia de enfermedades crónicas, entre ellas hipertensión arterial y diabetes mellitus. Los usuarios presentaban características socioeconómicas desfavorables, como bajos niveles de renta y escolaridad, que pueden comprometer su calidad de vida e influir negativamente en las acciones de autocuidado de estos usuarios. Llama la atención la dependencia total del sistema público de salud, este debe orientar las acciones y estrategias de salud para el combate y control de las enfermedades crónicas. (AU)

Objetivo: Descrever o perfil clínico e sociodemográfico de vida e saúde de usuários com doenças crônicas não transmissíveis na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Método: Estudo transversal com 80 usuários com doenças crônicas no Rio Grande do Norte. Aplicou-se um formulário validado, entre janeiro de 2018 e março de 2020. Os resultados foram analisados com frequências relativas, absolutas e intervalo de confiança de 95%. Resultados: Prevaleceram usuários do sexo feminino (87,5%), idosos (51,3%), pardos (53,8%), vínculo empregatício informal (53,75%), ensino fundamental incompleto (62,6%), renda maior a um salário-mínimo (51,3%), dependiam totalmente da assistência do Sistema Único de Saúde (93,85%) e acompanhados pela Estratégia Saúde da Família (91,2%). Quanto a saúde, sobressaíram-se as doenças crônicas Hipertensão (82,5%) e Diabetes Mellitus (56,3%), porém (68,8%) não possuíam histórico de hospitalização por complicação da doença crônica. Conclusão: O envelhecimento é um fator importante para a presença das doenças crônicas, dentre elas a hipertensão e diabetes mellitus. Os usuários apresentaram características socioeconômicas desfavoráveis como baixos índices de renda e escolaridade que podem comprometer a qualidade de vida e influenciar negativamente as ações de autocuidado desses usuários. A dependência total do sistema público de saúde chama atenção, isso deve direcionar as ações de saúde e as estratégias de combate e controle as doenças crônicas. (AU)

Objective: to describe the clinical and sociodemographic life and health profile of users with chronic non-communicable diseases in Primary Health Care. Method: cross-sectional study with 80 users with chronic diseases in Rio Grande do Norte. A validated form was applied between January 2018 and March 2020. The results were analyzed with relative and absolute frequencies and a 95% confidence interval. Results: female users (87.5%), elderly people (51.3%), brown people (53.8%), informal employment (53.75%), incomplete elementary school (62.6%), income greater than one minimum wage (51.3%)prevailed. They were totally dependent on health care from the Unified Health System (93.85%) and were monitored by the Family Health Strategy (91.2%). As for health, the chronic diseases Hypertension (82.5%) and Diabetes Mellitus (56.3%) stood out; however (68.8%) the participants had no history of hospitalization due to a complication of the chronic disease. Conclusion: aging is an important factor for the presence of chronic diseases, including hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Users had unfavorable socioeconomic characteristics, such as low levels of income and education, which can compromise their quality of life and negatively influence the self-care actions. The total dependence on the public health system draws attention, this should direct health actions and strategies to combat and control chronic diseases. (AU)

The complete mitochondrial genome of Sporophila nigricollis (Aves, Passeriformes).

BACKGROUND: Sporophila nigricollis, popularly known as Yellow-bellied Seedeater, is a commonly trafficked bird in Brazil. This study describes the complete mitogenome of the species and its phylogenetic position. METHODS AND RESULTS: DNA sample was sequenced on MiSeq (Illumina®) sequencer. Reads were assembled to reference using Geneious. A total of 11,740 paired sequence reads were used to produce the complete mitochondrial DNA sequence with average coverage of 176x. The mitogenome was found to be circular in shape and consisted of 16,777 base pairs. The mitochondrial genome was annotated with MITOS and verified with ExPASy. Its structure contains two ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, 22 transporter RNA (tRNA) genes, 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs) and one control region. Twelve of the 13 PCGs have ATG as start codon. Seven of the 13 PCGs contain a TAA stop codon. Most of the tRNA genes and PCGs are encoded on the heavy strand. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted with MEGA using the maximum likelihood method. Sporophila nigricollis grouped together with other Thraupidae species. CONCLUSION: This study presents the first complete mitogenome of Sporophila nigricollis and can be useful for research on evolution, ecology and conservation of this species.

Transsexuality and health demands: representations of nursing students / Transexualidad y demandas de salud: representaciones de estudiantes de enfermería / Transexualidade e demandas de saúde: representações de graduandos de Enfermagem

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the social representations of nursing students about transsexuality and the health demands of transsexual people. Methods: Qualitative, descriptive research with undergraduate nursing students from a public university in Rio de Janeiro/Brazil. The data came from a semi-structured interview and lexical analysis using Alceste 2012 software. Results: Transsexuality was represented as a transgression, with the transsexual person being objectified as unnatural because they do not identify with their biological sex. Hormone therapy and sex reassignment surgeries were understood as the main demands, being anchored in a pathologizing and medicalizing health sphere. However, the theme is not addressed during graduation, generating unpreparedness for professional life. Final considerations: The need to update the academic curriculum, as well as the way of thinking about the care of transsexual people, is essential and urgent for an integral and equitable care.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar las representaciones sociales de estudiantes de enfermería sobre la transexualidad y las demandas de salud de las personas transexuales. Métodos: Investigación cualitativa, descriptiva con estudiantes de graduación en enfermería de una universidad pública de Río de Janeiro/Brasil. Los datos provinieron de una entrevista semiestructurada y análisis léxico utilizando el software Alceste 2012. Resultados: La transexualidad fue representada como una transgresión, siendo objetivada la persona transexual como antinatural porque no se identifica con su sexo biológico. La terapia hormonal y las cirugías de reasignación de sexo fueron entendidas como las principales demandas, ancladas en un ámbito patologizante. ymedicalizando la salud. Sin embargo, el tema no es abordado durante la graduación, generando despreparación para la vida profesional. Consideraciones finales: La necesidad de actualizar el currículo académico, así como la forma de pensar la atención a las personas transexuales, es fundamental y urgente para una atención integral y equitativa.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar as representações sociais dos graduandos de enfermagem acerca da transexualidade e as demandas de saúde das pessoas transexuais. Métodos: Pesquisa qualitativa, descritiva, com 28 graduandos em enfermagem de uma universidade pública do Rio de Janeiro/Brasil. Realizou-se uma entrevista semiestruturada, no período de novembro de 2017 a março de 2018, e análise tipo lexical com auxílio do software Alceste 2012. Resultados: A transexualidade foi representada como uma transgressão, sendo a pessoa transexual objetivada como antinatural por não se identificar com seu sexo biológico. Terapia hormonal e cirurgias de redesignação sexual foram entendidas como as principais demandas, sendo ancoradas numa esfera patologizante e medicalizadora da saúde. A temática não é abordada durante a graduação, gerando despreparo para vida profissional. Considerações finais: Faz-se necessário ampliar as discussões sobre gênero na academia, tendo como propósito a transposição do imperativo da heteronormatividade, para que futuros enfermeiros estejam aparelhados para fornecer um cuidado integral e equânime.

Escala Portuguesa de Flebite: adaptação transcultural, validade e confiabilidade para uso no Brasil / Portuguese Phlebitis Scale: cross-cultural adaptation, validity and reliability for use in Brazil / Escala Portuguesa de Flebitis: adaptación transcultural, validez y confiabilidad para uso en Brasil

Objetivos: Adaptar a Escala Portuguesa de Flebite para a cultura brasileira e verificar as propriedades psicométricas da versão adaptada. Métodos: Estudo metodológico envolvendo análise da equivalência semântica, cultural e idiomática para adaptação transcultural, cognitive debriefing, verificação da consistência interna e validade de construto. Equivalência foi analisada utilizando percentual de acordos. Validade de construto foi testada utilizando análise fatorial exploratória.A confiabilidade foi avaliada pela consistência interna (α de Cronbach e Ω de McDonald). Resultados: No processo de adaptação transcultural, envolvendo dez especialistas, dois itens não alcançaram concordância ≥ 80% e sofreram ajustes conforme as sugestões recebidas. Doze participantes do cognitive debriefing aprovaram a versão adaptada. Participaram da análise de confiabilidade e de validação do construto 244 adultos em uso de cateter venoso periférico. Análise fatorial exploratória identificou um único fator incluindo todos os itens testados (dor, eritema, edema, rubor no trajeto da veia e cordão venoso palpável) e carga fatorial > 0,743. Consistência interna do conjunto de itens foi alta (α de Cronbach = 0,771 e Ω de McDonald = 0,853). Conclusão: A Escala Portuguesa de Flebite ­ Versão adaptada para o Brasil mostrou-se válida e confiável. Alcançou propriedades que permitem sua utilização na prática clínica, no ensino e pesquisas no país.

Objectives: To adapt the Portuguese Phlebitis Scale to the Brazilian culture and verify the adapted version's psychometric properties. Methods: Methodological study involving analysis of semantic, cultural, and idiomatic equivalence for cross-cultural adaptation, cognitive debriefing, verification of internal consistency, and construct validity. The equivalence was analyzed considering the percentage of agreement among experts. Exploratory factor analysis was used to test construct validity. Reliability was assessed by internal consistency (Cronbach's α and McDonald's Ω). Results: In the cross-cultural adaptation process involving ten experts, two items did not reach an agreement ≥ 80% and underwent adjustments according to the suggestions received. Twelve cognitive debriefing participants approved the adapted version. Adults (n = 244) using a peripheral venous catheter participated in the reliability and construct validation analysis. Exploratory factor analysis identified a single factor, including all tested items (pain, erythema, edema, streak formation along the course of the vein, and palpable venous cord) and factor loading > 0.743. Internal consistency of the set of items was high (Cronbach's α = 0.771 and McDonald's Ω = 0.853). Conclusion: The Portuguese Scale of Phlebitis - Version adapted for Brazil proved valid and reliable. It achieved properties that allow use in Brazil's clinical practice, teaching, and research.

Objetivos: Adaptar la Escala de Flebitis Portuguesa a la cultura brasileña y verificar las propiedades psicométricas de la versión adaptada. Métodos: Estudio metodológico que involucró análisis de equivalencia semántica, cultural e idiomática para adaptación transcultural, debriefing cognitivo, verificación de consistencia interna y validez de constructo. Para el análisis de la concordancia de la equivalencia se utilizó el porcentaje de concordancias. Para probar la validez de constructo, se utilizó el análisis factorial exploratorio. La fiabilidad se evaluó mediante la consistencia interna (α de Cronbach e Ω de McDonald). Resultados: En el proceso de adaptación transcultural, en el que participaron diez expertos, dos ítems no alcanzaron un acuerdo ≥ 80% y se ajustaron de acuerdo con las sugerencias recibidas. Doce participantes en el debriefing cognitivo aprobaron la versión adaptada. Usuarios de catéter venoso periférico (n = 244) participaron en el análisis de confiabilidad y la validación de constructo. El análisis factorial exploratorio identificó un solo factor que incluía todos los ítems probados (dolor, eritema, edema, enrojecimiento en la vena y el cordón venoso palpable) y una carga factorial > 0,743. La consistencia interna de los ítems fue alta (αde Cronbach = 0,771 y Ω de McDonald = 0,853). Conclusión: La Escala Portuguesa de Flebitis ­ Versión adaptada para Brasil demostró ser válida y confiable. Alcanzó propiedades que permiten su uso en la práctica clínica, la docencia e la investigación en Brasil.

Sífilis congênita e recusa terapêutica da gestante: análise jurídica e bioética / Congenital syphilis and treatment refusal by pregnant women: a bioethical and legal analysis / Sífilis congénita y rechazo terapéutico por las mujeres embarazadas: análisis legal y bioético

Resumo A infecção congênita pela sífilis é uma doença que, apesar dos esforços públicos, ainda se mantém na rotina do sistema de saúde. Embora haja métodos de prevenção efetivos e muito disseminados, tratamento com alto custo-benefício e disponível no Sistema Único de Saúde, além de assistência pré-natal com alta cobertura, as taxas epidemiológicas da enfermidade continuam relevantes e preocupantes. Umas das barreiras à erradicação desse cenário é a recusa terapêutica da genitora. Com isso, indagações importantes são levantadas, como a responsabilidade médica em relação à recusa, a responsabilidade da gestante para com o nascituro e as implicações jurídicas que perpassam essa problemática. O propósito deste artigo é responder a essas questões e suas repercussões bioéticas e jurídicas.

Abstract Despite public policies, congenital syphilis infection remains a reality in the health system routine. Moreover, its epidemiological rates continue to be relevant and worrisome despite widespread and effective preventive methods, highly cost-effective treatments available in the Unified Health System, and high-coverage pre-natal care. A major obstacle to eradicating this scenario is treatment refusal by the progenitor. Important questions regarding medical responsibility in relation to refusal, the pregnant woman's responsibility towards the unborn child, and the legal implications involved arise from this context. This article seeks to answer these questions and their legal and bioethical repercussions.

Resumen La sífilis congénita es una enfermedad que aún sigue en la rutina del sistema de salud a pesar de los esfuerzos públicos. Aunque existen métodos de prevención efectivos y generalizados, los tratamientos con alto costo-beneficio y disponibles en el Sistema Único de Salud, además de la atención prenatal con alta cobertura, las tasas epidemiológicas de la enfermedad siguen siendo relevantes y preocupantes. Una de las barreras para su erradicación es el rechazo terapéutico de la madre. Por lo tanto, se plantean cuestiones importantes, como la responsabilidad médica con relación al rechazo, la responsabilidad de la mujer embarazada por el feto y las implicaciones legales que impregnan este problema. El propósito de este artículo es responder a estos interrogantes y sus repercusiones bioéticas y legales.

Identity dimension of rural women and the sexual and reproductive health / Dimensión identitaria de las mujeres rurales y la salud sexual y reproductiva / Dimensão identitária da mulher rural e a saúde sexual e saúde reprodutiva

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze the social representations of rural women about being a woman in the rural context and its implications for sexual and reproductive health. Methods: this is a descriptive qualitative study with data triangulation, based on the Theory of Social Representations, developed with 31 women who live in the rural context of Minas Gerais (MG/BR). An in-depth interview with a semi-structured script was conducted. A lexical analysis was performed with the help of the ALCESTE 2012 software. Results: the family relationship, especially the couple's, demonstrated subjectivities and was permeated by violence and normalized sexual practice. The imagery dimension of the ideal family seems to be responsible for exerting domination over rural women. Final Considerations: rural women are subject to the norms and prescriptions of a patriarchal society. It is urgent to increase attention to sexual and reproductive health in an egalitarian and liberating way in order to minimize the consequences of machismo and conservatism.

RESUMEN Objetivos: analizar las representaciones sociales de las mujeres rurales sobre ser mujer en el contexto rural y sus implicaciones para la salud sexual y reproductiva. Métodos: estudio cualitativo descriptivo con triangulación de datos, basado en la Teoría de las Representaciones Sociales, desarrollado con 31 mujeres que viven en el contexto rural de Minas Gerais (MG/BR). Se realizó una entrevista en profundidad con guión semiestructurado. Se realizó un análisis léxico con la ayuda del software ALCESTE 2012. Resultados: la relación familiar, especialmente de pareja, demostró subjetividades y estuvo permeada por la violencia y la práctica sexual normalizada. La dimensión imaginaria de la familia ideal parece ser la responsable de ejercer la dominación sobre las mujeres rurales. Consideraciones Finales: la mujer rural está sujeta a las normas y prescripciones de una sociedad patriarcal. Es urgente aumentar la atención a la salud sexual y reproductiva de manera igualitaria y liberadora para minimizar las consecuencias del machismo y el conservadurismo.

RESUMO Objetivos: analisar as representações sociais de mulheres rurais sobre ser mulher no contexto rural e suas implicações na saúde sexual e saúde reprodutiva. Métodos: trata-se de um estudo descritivo, com triangulação dos dados, abordagem qualitativa, fundamentado na Teoria das Representações Sociais, realizado com 31 mulheres que vivem no contexto rural em Minas Gerais (MG/BR). Realizou-se entrevista em profundidade com roteiro semiestruturado. A análise foi do tipo lexical com auxílio do software Alceste 2012. Resultados: foram evidenciadas as subjetividades do relacionamento familiar, em especial do casal, sendo permeado pela violência e pela prática sexual normatizada. A dimensão imagética da família ideal parece ser responsável por exercer a dominação da mulher rural. Considerações Finais: a mulher rural encontra-se submetida às normas e prescrições de uma sociedade patriarcal. Faz-se urgente ampliar a atenção sobre a saúde sexual e saúde reprodutiva de forma igualitária e libertadora, no sentido de minimizar as consequências do machismo e do conservadorismo.

Prazer e sofrimento dos profissionais de enfermagem decorrentes do trabalho em clínicas cirúrgicas / Pleasure and suffering of nursing professionals arising from work in surgical clinics / Placer y sufrimiento de profesionales de enfermería derivados del trabajo en clínicas quirúrgicas

Objetivo: identificar as situações geradoras de prazer e sofrimento na equipe de enfermagem em clínicas cirúrgicas. Método: estudo qualitativo realizado com 30 profissionais de enfermagem de clínicas cirúrgicas. A produção de dados se deu por meio de entrevista semiestruturada no período de abril a novembro de 2019. Os dados foram processados pelo software IRaMuTeQ, e foi feita análise lexical pela classificação hierárquica descendente. Resultados: duas classes foram formadas e intituladas de situações geradoras de prazer e sofrimento na equipe de enfermagem. Conclusão: as situações geradoras de sofrimento foram condições inadequadas de trabalho, lidar com o quadro clínico e morte dos pacientes, falta de lazer e necessidade de fazer escolhas entre trabalhar e cuidar da família. As situações geradoras de prazer foram reconhecimento por parte dos pacientes e equipe, alta dos pacientes e colaboração entre os membros da equipe.

Objective: to identify situations that generate pleasure and suffering in the nursing staff in surgical clinics. Method: qualitative study, carried out with 30 nursing professionals from surgical clinics in a hospital. Data was obtained by semi-structured interviews from April to November 2019. Data processed by the IRaMuTeQ software, and lexical analysis was performed by the descending hierarchical classification. Results: two classes were composed and entitled situations that generate pleasure and suffering in the nursing team. Conclusion: situations that generate suffering were inadequate working conditions, dealing with the clinical condition and death of patients, lack of leisure and the need to make choices between working and caring for the family; situations that generate pleasure were recognition by patients and the team, patient discharge and collaboration between team members.

Objetivo: identificar situaciones que generan placer y sufrimiento en el personal de enfermería de las clínicas quirúrgicas. Método: estudio cualitativo, realizado con 30 profesionales de enfermería de clínicas quirúrgicas de un hospital. Producción de datos a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas de abril a noviembre de 2019. Datos procesados por el software IRaMuTeQ, análisis léxico realizado por la clasificación jerárquica descendente. Resultados: se generaron dos clases y situaciones tituladas que generan placer y sufrimiento en el equipo de enfermería. Conclusión: las situaciones que generan sufrimiento fueron las condiciones laborales inadecuadas, el enfrentamiento de la condición clínica y la muerte de los pacientes, la falta de ocio y la necesidad de elegir entre trabajar y cuidar de la familia. Las situaciones que generan placer fueron el reconocimiento por parte de los pacientes y el equipo, el alta del paciente y la colaboración entre los miembros del equipo.

Effectiveness of Agreement Criteria and Flows of Collaborative Care in Primary Mental Health Care in Brazil.

The supply of mental health processes in primary care has gaps. This study aims to analyze the association of agreement criteria and flows between primary care teams and the Family Health Support Center (NASF) for mental health collaborative care, considering the difference between capital and non-capital cities in Brazil. This cross-sectional study was conducted based on secondary data from the Primary Care Access and Quality Improvement Program. Agreement criteria and flows were obtained from 3883 NASF teams of the matrix support or collaborative care. The Chi-square test and multiple Poisson regression were used; p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Prevalence ratios of negative associations demonstrated protective factors for support actions: follow-up at Psychosocial Care Center, management of psychopharmacotherapy, offer of other therapeutic actions, care process for users of psychoactive substances, and offer of activities to prevent the use of psychoactive substances. Collaborative care in primary care was effective, and capital cities were a protective factor compared with non-capital cities.

In silico approach to identify microsatellite candidate biomarkers to differentiate the biovar of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis genomes.

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis is the causative bacterial agent of the zoonotic disease known as caseous lymphadenitis, and it presents several mechanisms of response to host defenses, including the presence of virulence factors (VFs). The genomes of these bacteria have several polymorphic markers known as microsatellites, or simple sequence repeats (SSRs), that can be used to characterize the genome, to study possible polymorphisms existing among strains, and to verify the effects of such polymorphic markers in coding regions and regions associated with VFs. In this study, several SSRs were identified within coding regions throughout the 54 genomes of this species, revealing possible polymorphisms associated with coding regions that could be used as strain-specific or serotype-specific identifiers of C. pseudotuberculosis. The similarities associated with SSRs amongst the different serum variants of C. pseudotuberculosis, biovars equi and ovis, were also evaluated, and it was possible to identify SSRs located in coding regions responsible for a VF enrolled in pathogenesis known to mediate bacterial adherence (SpaH-type pili virulence factor). Phylogenetic analyses revealed that strains sharing SSR patterns, including the possible polymorphisms identified in the same position of gene-coding regions, were displayed by strains with a common ancestor, corroborating with the Genome Tree Report of the NCBI. Statistical analysis showed that the microsatellite groups belonging to equi and ovis biovars have a significance of 0.006 (p-value) in similarity, thus indicating them as good biomarker candidates for C. pseudotuberculosis.

Impact of COVID-19 on gender gap in dental publications: a retrospective cohort with three Brazilian journals.

This was a retrospective cohort study to investigate the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the gender gap in articles submitted to three international dental journals based in Brazil. All submissions performed to Brazilian Dental Journal, Brazilian Oral Research, and Journal of Applied Oral Science before (2019) and during the pandemic (2020) were assessed. Gender of the first, last, and corresponding authors were collected. Other variables collected were journal, continent studied by authors and stage of their careers (classified according to authors' highest degree), and final decision reached in the article. Absolute and relative frequencies with 95% confidence intervals, Pearson's Chi-square tests, and Fisher's Exact test were used (α = 0.05). In total, 4,726 unique submissions were analyzed. A higher proportion of early-career authors was observed during the pandemic (44.8% to 49.3%, p = 0.021). Most articles were rejected but without association with gender. Increased proportion of male first authors from before to during the pandemic was observed (39% to 42.1%, p = 0.034). Drop in the proportion of articles with women as first authors was observed for researchers in their early- (65.9% to 58.8%, p = 0.02) and mid-career stages (63% to 55.8%, p = 0.014). Reduction in women as first authors was observed during the pandemic in South and Central Americas (66.7% to 61.5%, p = 0.010), and when the last author was a female, or the corresponding author was a male. In conclusion, a disproportionate impact on female dental researchers in submitting articles in the period from before to during the pandemic was observed when considering first authorship, suggesting that the COVID-19 may have increased the gender inequality in dental science.

Autocuidado de usuarios con enfermedades crónicas en la atención primaria a la luz de la teoría de Orem / Autocuidado de usuários com doenças crônicas na atenção primária à luz da teoria de Orem / Self-care of users with chronic diseases in primary care in the light of Orem's theory

Introducción: Las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles son consideradas las principales causas de muerte y discapacidad, tanto a nivel nacional como mundial. Tienen causas multifactoriales y las principales son las enfermedades cardiovasculares, los accidentes cerebrovasculares, las enfermedades respiratorias crónicas, la diabetes mellitus y las neoplasias.Objetivo: Describir el autocuidado de usuarios con enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles en la Atención Primaria de Salud a la luz de la Teoría del Autocuidado de Orem.Método: Estudio transversal, descriptivo y exploratorio, realizado en un área anexa de una Unidad de Salud de la Familia, en la ciudad de Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil. La muestra no probabilística e intencional estuvo conformada por 80 usuarios con condiciones crónicas de salud. Los datos fueron recolectados entre enero de 2018 y diciembre de 2019, a través de una entrevista estructurada y el uso de un formulario validado para el análisis del autocuidado en adultos. Los resultados, presentados en frecuencias absolutas y relativas, e intervalo de confianza del 95%.Resultados: Entre las variables sociodemográficas, se identificó que 70% de los usuarios tenían instrucción básica y padecían enfermedades cardiovasculares 85%; en cuanto al autocuidado, todos los usuarios eran independientes para realizar la higiene corporal y controlar las deposiciones vesicales e intestinales; El 98,8% eran independientes para vestirse, el 96,3% para caminar, el 87,5% para masticar y tragar y el 83,8% para preparar la comida.Conclusión: La independencia para las actividades de la vida diaria y el autocuidado fueron características presentes entre los participantes, consideradas importantes en la Teoría del Autocuidado. (AU)

Introdução: As doenças crônicas não transmissíveis são consideradas as principais causas de morte e de incapacidades, tanto a nível nacional quanto mundial. Elas possuem causas multifatoriais, e as principais delas são as doenças cardiovasculares, os acidentes cerebrovasculares, as doenças respiratórias crônicas, diabetes mellitus e neoplasias.Objetivo: Descrever o autocuidado de usuários com doenças crônicas não transmissíveis na Atenção Primária à Saúde, à luz da Teoria do Autocuidado de Orem. Método: Estudo transversal, descritivo e exploratório, alizado em área adscrita de uma Unidade de Saúde da Família, no município de Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil. A amostra não probabilística e intencional contou com 80 usuários em condições crônicas de saúde. Os dados foram coletados entre janeiro de 2018 e dezembro de 2019, por meio de entrevista estruturada e por meio de uso de formulário validado para a análise do autocuidado em adultos. Os resultados, apresentados em frequências absolutas e relativas, possuem intervalo de confiança de 95%. Resultados: Dentre as variáveis sociodemográficas, identificou-se que 70% dos usuários têm ensino fundamental e que 85% apresentam doenças cardiovasculares. Quanto ao autocuidado, todos os usuários eram independentes para realizar higiene corporal e para controlar as eliminações vesicais e intestinais. 98,8% eram independentes para vestir-se; 96,3%, para deambular; 87,5%, para mastigar e deglutir; e 83,8%, para preparar os alimentos. Conclusão: A independência para as atividades de vida diária e de autocuidado foram características presentes entre os participantes. Tal independência é considerada importante na Teoria do Autocuidado. (AU)

Introduction: Chronic non-communicable diseases are considered the main causes of death and disability, both nationally and worldwide. They have multifactorial causes, and the main ones are cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular accidents, chronic respiratory diseases, diabetes mellitus and neoplasms. Objective: To describe the self-care of users with non-communicable chronic diseases in Primary Health Care, in the light of Orem's Self-Care Theory. Method: Cross-sectional, descriptive and exploratory study carried out in an area covered by a Family Health Unit in the city of Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. The non-probabilistic and intentional sample had 80 users with chronic health conditions. Data were collected between January 2018 and December 2019, through a structured interview and through the use of a validated form for the analysis of self-care in adults. The results, presented in absolute and relative frequencies, have a confidence interval of 95%. Results: Among the sociodemographic variables, it was identified that 70% of users had elementary education and that 85% had cardiovascular diseases. As for self-care, all users were independent to perform body hygiene and to control bladder and bowel eliminations. 98.8% were independent to dress themselves; 96.3%, for walking; 87.5%, to chew and swallow; and 83.8%, to prepare food. Conclusion: Independence for activities of daily living and self-care were characteristics present among the participants. Such independence is considered important in the Self-Care Theory. (AU)