Muscle mass evaluation in hospitalized patients: Comparison between doubly indirect methods.

BACKGROUND: Loss of muscle mass (MM) in hospitalized patients has been associated with negative outcomes, thus, evaluating this biomarker is important to stratify risk. Although studies have been showing that calf circumference (CC) and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) are valid for estimating MM in hospitalized patients, we do not know if they are associated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the associations between CC and BIA in hospitalized patients. METHODS: A cross-sectional study, in hospitalized patients' post-acute cardiac event. We collected sociodemographic, clinical, and anthropometric data. CC measurement was adjusted according to the BMI. Spearman's correlations and associations between the methods were performed for the total sample, according to sex and stage of life (older adults or not). RESULTS: We included 177 patients, mean age of 60.5 ± 12.4 years old, the majority males (75 %). Median BMI was 26.2 kg/m2 (23.8-29.2 kg/m2), most of them overweight (41.8 %). The median of CC was lower in females and older adults, and majority of the patients had low CC (87.6 %). Higher values of fat-free mass (FFM) by BIA were observed in males and younger adults, and 5.6 % presented low FFMI. We found a positive and moderate correlation between fat-free mass index (FFMI) and CC (rho = 0.532). Males had higher correlations (rho = 0.481). An increase of 1 kg in the FFM represented an increase of 1.16 cm (crude analysis) to 1.59 cm (adjusted analysis) in CC (p < 0.001). FFM explained 37 % in the variability of CC, and together with BMI, sex and age, explained 60 % in the variability. CONCLUSIONS: Raw values of FFM obtained by BIA and CC presented a weak to moderate correlation in cardiac patients. Changes in one measure impact on the other one.

Bioelectrical impedance vector analysis is different according to the comorbidity burden in post-acute myocardial infarction.

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of a high comorbidity burden in patients who suffered an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is increasing with the aging population, and the nutrition status also may be a predictor of clinical outcomes for these patients. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the comorbidity burden and the characteristics of the bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA) in patients post-AMI. METHODS: This prospective observational cohort study was conducted with adult patients who were hospitalized with AMI. Pre-existing comorbidities were assessed by the Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) adjusted by age, and anthropometric and BIVA characteristics were evaluated after the hemodynamic stabilization. All patients were followed-up until hospital discharge, and their length of stay was observed. RESULTS: A total of 184 patients (75% were males; mean age, 60.2 ± 12.3 years) were included. The most common comorbidities were dyslipidemia (73.9%), hypertension (62%), and type 2 diabetes (34.2%). A higher CCI (≥3) was associated with sex (P = 0.008) and age (P < 0.001). Regarding BIVA, statistically significant differences were detected between sex (P < 0.001), age (P < 0.001), and CCI (P = 0.003), with longer vectors in female, older adults, and those with CCI ≥ 3. CONCLUSION: Finding a relationship between BIVA and CCI suggests the first identified coherent differences, potentially correlated with diseases, representing a first contribution to support this type of assessment. Therefore, with BIVA, healthcare professionals may monitor abnormalities and adopt preventive nutrition care measures on patients post-AMI to improve their clinical status.

Overweight Impairs Postural Control of Female Night Workers.

Objectives To verify the relationships between sleep duration (Total Sleep Time - TST) and postural control of female night workers before and after shift. As well as, to verify if there is an influence of the body mass index (BMI) on the postural control of these female workers before and after shift. Methods A total of 14 female night workers (mean age: 35.0 ± 7.7 years) were evaluated. An actigraph was placed on the wrist to evaluate the sleep-wake cycle. The body mass and height were measured, and BMI was calculated. Postural control was evaluated by means of a force platform, with eyes opened and eyes closed before and after the 12-hour workday. Results There was an effect of the BMI on the velocity and the center of pressure path with eyes opened before ( t = 2.55, p = 0.02) and after ( t = 4.10, p < 0.01) night work. The BMI impaired the velocity and the center of pressure path with eyes closed before ( t = 3.05, p = 0.01; t = 3.04, p = 0.01) and after ( t = 2.95, p = 0.01; t = 2.94, p = 0.01) night work. Furthermore, high BMI is associated with female workers' postural sway ( p < 0.05). Conclusion Therefore, high BMI impairs the postural control of female night workers, indicating postural instability before and after night work.

Practice recommendations for the role of physiotherapy in the management of sleep disorders: the 2022 Brazilian Sleep Association Guidelines.

This clinical guideline supported by the Brazilian Sleep Association comprises a brief history of the development of Brazilian sleep physiotherapy, outlines the role of the physiotherapist as part of a sleep health team, and describes the clinical guidelines in respect of the management of some sleep disorders by the physiotherapist (including sleep breathing disorders, i.e., obstructive sleep apnea, central sleep apnea, upper airway resistance syndrome, hypoventilation syndromes and overlap syndrome, and pediatric sleep breathing disorders; sleep bruxism; circadian rhythms disturbances; insomnia; and Willis-Ekbom disease/periodic limb movement disorder. This clinical practice guideline reflects the state of the art at the time of publication and will be reviewed and updated as new information becomes available.

SARC-F Is a Predictor of Longer LOS and Hospital Readmission in Hospitalized Patients after a Cardiovascular Event.

It is already established that sarcopenia is associated with adverse outcomes; however, few studies have focused on patients who have suffered an acute cardiovascular event. The use of SARC-F, a 5-item sarcopenia screening questionnaire, in these patients remains to be investigated. We aimed to investigate whether SARC-F can predict adverse outcomes in patients admitted to a hospital with a suspected infarction. This is a 1-year prospective cohort study. During hospitalization, patients completed the SARC-F questionnaire (scores ≥ 4 considered positive for the risk of sarcopenia). Length of hospital stay (LOS), new hospital admission, myocardial infarction, and cardiovascular mortality were collected via medical records and phone interviews. In total, 180 patients were evaluated. The median age was 60.6 years; 72.3% of the participants were men, and half of the sample had comorbidities. The median SARC-F score was 1.0 (interquartile range, 0-3.0), and 21.1% of the participants screened positive. Risk of sarcopenia was independently associated with longer LOS (odds ratio, 2.34; 95% CI, 1.09-5.04; p = 0.030) and hospital readmission (odds ratio, 3.73; 95% CI, 1.60-8.69; p = 0.002). One-fifth of post-acute cardiovascular event patients in this cohort screened positive for sarcopenia using the SARC-F screening questionnaire. Positive scores were associated with a longer LOS and hospital readmission.

Is the standardized phase angle a predictor of short- and long-term adverse cardiovascular events in patients with acute myocardial infarction? A cohort study.

OBJECTIVES: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is myocardial necrosis resulting from myocardial ischemia, and its risk factors are usually a combination of the consumption of tobacco, inadequate diet, obesity, and a sedentary lifestyle, in addition to preexisting comorbidities. These risk factors may compromise cellular integrity, affecting physiologic and nutritional components. The phase angle (PhA) has been measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) to identify the quality of the cell membrane and the distribution of body fluids. The aim of this study was to verify if the standardized PhA (SPhA) is a predictor of short- and long-term adverse cardiovascular events in patients after AMI. METHODS: This was a prospective cohort study including hospitalized adult patients with a diagnosis of AMI. Demographic, clinical, and nutritional data were collected. The PhA was calculated through the measuring of the resistance (R) and reactance (Xc) from BIA, and it was adjusted based on reference values for sex and age, presenting, therefore, the SPhA. Low SPhA was defined as that <10th percentile of distribution. Hospital length of stay (LOS) and major adverse cardiac events (MACE), such as new hospital admission for unstable angina, new MI, and cardiovascular mortality, were observed. The sample comprised 153 patients, with a mean age of 61.2 ± 12.6 y, with 57.5% being older adults. RESULTS: Fifteen patients with low SPhA (values <-3.10) had a longer LOS compared with those with normal SPhA (median 14 versus 8 d, P = 0.007), and shorter time for the occurrence of death (320 versus 354 d, P = 0.024). In the multivariate analysis, an association was observed between SPhA and longer LOS (hazard ratio, 9.25; P = 0.005), but not with mortality and MACE (P > 0.05 for all). CONCLUSION: SPhA was a predictor of longer LOS, but not of long-term adverse cardiac events in patients following AMI.

Sustained reduction of healthcare-associated infections after the introduction of a bundle for prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia in medical-surgical intensive care units.

BACKGROUND: Infection control interventions can be erroneously interpreted if outcomes are assessed in short periods. Also, statistical methods usually applied to compare outcomes before and after interventions are not appropriate for analyzing time series. AIMS: To analyze the impact of a bundle directed at reducing the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and other device-associated infections in two medical-surgical intensive care units (ICU) in Brazil. METHODS: Our study had a quasi-experimental design. Interrupted time series analyses (ITS) was performed assessing monthly rates of overall healthcare-associated infections (HCAI), VAP, laboratory-confirmed central line associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI) and catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI), from January 2007 through June 2019. Moreover, multivariate ITS was adjusted for seasonality in Poisson regression models. An intervention based on a bundle for VAP prevention was introduced in August 2010. FINDINGS: The intervention was followed by sustained reduction in overall HCAI, VAP and CLABSI in both ICU. Continuous post-intervention trends towards reduction were detected for overall HCAI and VAP. CONCLUSION: Interventions aimed at preventing one specific site of infection may have sustained impact on other HCAI, which can be documented using time series analyses.

The consequences of partial sleep restriction for habitual sleep duration, sleepiness and reaction time in healthy males.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of a reduction of approximately 25% in total sleep time (TST) on sleep parameters, sleepiness and reaction time (RT) in short, long and intermediate sleepers. DESIGN: Twenty healthy young men with a TST of ≤6 h (n = 6), between 6 h and 8 h (n = 7) and > 8 h (n = 7), respectively considered as short, intermediate and long sleepers, underwent 5 consecutive nights with an approximately 25% reduction in TST, produced by delaying their usual bedtimes. All participants were subjected to 6 consecutive nights of polysomnography and assessments of sleep, sleepiness and RT at pre- and post-sleep time. The Linear Mixed Model (LMM) was mainly used to assess the effect of the group, time, and their interaction on the main outcomes. RESULTS: Long and short sleepers showed the most significant changes regarding sleep parameters and sleepiness. However, short sleepers showed more lapses and more sleepiness. CONCLUSIONS: We report novel evidence of the association between cognitive function (assessed via reaction time) and sleep restriction-related risks based on real-life since individual sleep schedules were personally determined. Both long and short sleepers showed the most significant alterations of delaying bedtime regarding sleep parameters and sleepiness. However, the short sleepers showed more sleepiness, attention lapses and increased reaction times.

Genetic parameters for tonic immobility, body weight, and morphological traits of the red-winged tinamou (Rhynchotus rufescens).

This study was carried out to estimate genetic parameters for morphology, body weight, and tonic immobility traits in the red-winged tinamou (Rhynchotus rufescens). Information on 690 birds was used and genetic parameters were estimated using Bayesian methods under a multi-trait animal model. The following traits were considered in this study: tarsal length (TL), bill length (BL), wing length (WL), head width (HW), bill width (BW), mature weight (MW), weight at 90 days (W90), and tonic immobility (TI). The heritability showed estimates between 0.15 for wing length and 0.56 for bill length. Positive and negative genetic correlations were estimated, ranging from - 0.33 to 0.81. All the morphological, production, and behavioral traits studied will have moderate to high response to selection. The body weight at 90 days is a better alternative for use in breeding programs and its selection would not lead to an increase in the time of tonic immobility. Both the selection for weight gain and for reduction of tonic immobility time would lead to an increase in the size of the legs of the red-winged tinamou, which could be advantageous for thermal control of these birds in tropical systems.

Nutritional and environmental risk factors for breast cancer: a case-control study / Fatores de risco nutricionais e ambientais para câncer de mama: estudo de casos e controles

AIMS: To investigate the associations between breast cancer diagnosis and nutritional and environmental factors in women from Northeast Brazil. METHODS: A case-control study included women evaluated in two hospitals specialized in cancer treatment. The case group was composed by women with breast cancer whose data were obtained during the hospitalization period for surgical treatment of the disease. The control group was selected in the same hospitals excluding the oncology ward. The following risk factors were investigated: household environmental sanitation, breastfeeding history, social class, smoking exposition, alcohol consumption and family history of cancer. A food frequency questionnaire was completed by the subjects and an evaluation of anthropometric nutritional status was made. Comparison for quantitative variables was performed using independent t-test or Mann-Whitney test. Chi-square or Fisher's exact test were used to compare categorical variables. The estimated risk associated with consumption of nutrients and food groups was assessed by OR, with a 95% confidence interval. In order to assess the effect of possible confounding factors such as excess weight or excessive caloric intake, a multivariate analysis was performed with the variables with p<0.15 in the food consumption analysis. The significance level for all analyses was set at p<0.05. RESULTS: The total sample consisted of 118 women, 59 in each group. Of all environmental risk factors investigated, poor sanitation (OR [odds ratio]=3.2, 95%CI 1.43-7.11) and family history for cancer (OR=3.11, 95%CI 1.42-6.78) were significantly associated with the diagnosis of breast cancer. Regarding anthropometric assessments, overweight or obesity and waist circumference >88cm were more prevalent in the case group (OR=2.70, 95%CI 1.28-5.70 and OR=3.10, 95%CI 1.46-6.56, respectively). Regular consumption of ultra-processed foods was identified as a risk factor for breast cancer (adjusted OR=2.35, 95%CI 1.08-5.12). CONCLUSIONS: Higher consumption of ultra-processed food, presence of overweight or obesity, waist circumference ≥88 cm, poor sanitation, and family history of cancer were risk factors for breast cancer in this sample of women living in Rio Grande do Norte state, Brazil.

OBJETIVOS: Investigar associações entre o diagnóstico de câncer de mama e fatores nutricionais e ambientais em mulheres do Nordeste do Brasil. MÉTODOS: Um estudo caso-controle incluiu mulheres avaliadas em dois hospitais especializados em câncer. O grupo de casos foi composto por mulheres com câncer de mama cujos dados foram obtidos durante o período de internação para tratamento cirúrgico da doença. O grupo controle foi selecionado nos mesmos hospitais, excluindo as unidades de oncologia. Os seguintes fatores de risco foram investigados: saneamento básico nas moradias, história de amamentação, classe social, exposição ao tabagismo, consumo de álcool e história familiar de câncer. Um questionário de frequência alimentar foi completado pelas participantes e foi feita uma avaliação do estado nutricional antropométrico. Foram usados o teste t independente ou o teste de Mann-Whitney para comparação entre variáveis quantitativas, e o qui-quadrado ou o teste exato de Fisher para variáveis categóricas. O risco estimado associado ao consumo de nutrientes e grupos de alimentos foi avaliado por OR, com intervalo de confiança de 95%. Para avaliar o efeito de possíveis fatores de confusão, como excesso de peso ou ingestão calórica excessiva, foi realizada uma análise multivariada com as variáveis com p<0,15 na análise do consumo de alimentos. O nível de significância para todas as análises foi definido em p<0,05. RESULTADOS: A amostra total consistiu de 118 mulheres, 59 em cada grupo. De todos os fatores de risco ambientais investigados, um saneamento deficiente (OR [odds ratio]=3,2, IC95% 1,43-7,11) e história familiar de câncer (OR=3,11, IC95% 1,42-6,78) foram significativamente associados ao diagnóstico de câncer de mama. Em relação às avaliações antropométricas, excesso de peso ou obesidade e circunferência da cintura >88 cm foram mais prevalentes no grupo de casos (OR=2,70, IC95% 1,28-5,70 e OR=3,10, IC95% 1,46-6,56, respectivamente). O consumo regular de alimentos ultraprocessados foi identificado como um fator de risco para câncer de mama (OR ajustada=2,35, IC95% 1,08-5,12). CONCLUSÕES: Maior consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados, presença de excesso de peso ou obesidade, circunferência da cintura ≥88 cm, saneamento básico deficiente e história familiar de câncer foram fatores de risco para o câncer de mama nesta amostra de mulheres que vivem no estado do Rio Grande do Norte.

Trait-specific long-term consequences of genomic selection in beef cattle.

Simulation studies allow addressing consequences of selection schemes, helping to identify effective strategies to enable genetic gain and maintain genetic diversity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term impact of genomic selection (GS) in genetic progress and genetic diversity of beef cattle. Forward-in-time simulation generated a population with pattern of linkage disequilibrium close to that previously reported for real beef cattle populations. Different scenarios of GS and traditional pedigree-based BLUP (PBLUP) selection were simulated for 15 generations, mimicking selection for female reproduction and meat quality. For GS scenarios, an alternative selection criterion was simulated (wGBLUP), intended to enhance long-term gains by attributing more weight to favorable alleles with low frequency. GS allowed genetic progress up to 40% greater than PBLUP, for female reproduction and meat quality. The alternative criterion wGBLUP did not increase long-term response, although allowed reducing inbreeding rates and loss of favorable alleles. The results suggest that GS outperforms PBLUP when the selected trait is under less polygenic background and that attributing more weight to low-frequency favorable alleles can reduce inbreeding rates and loss of favorable alleles in GS.

Saúde dos povos de terreiro, práticas de cuidado e terapia ocupacional: um diálogo possível? / Health of worship place people, care practices and occupational therapy: a possible dialogue?

Este artigo é resultado de uma pesquisa realizada no terreiro de candomblé Casa de Iemanjá IyáOgun-Té, de nação Jejè/Nagô, e na Unidade de Saúde da Família Osvaldo Brandão Vilela, ambos em um bairro popular, hegemonicamente negro, do município de Maceió-AL. O objetivo foi contribuir com a fundamentação da atuação do terapeuta ocupacional na mediação dos diálogos necessários à implementação da Política Nacional de Saúde Integral da População Negra, com enfoque nos povos de terreiro. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, de abordagem etnometodológica, no qual a observação participante, o diário de campo e as entrevistas foram usadas como fonte de registros e produção dos dados. Como técnica de verificação dos dados foi utilizada a análise de conteúdo, a partir da qual emergiram duas categorias temáticas: a relação dos adeptos do candomblé com as questões e espaços de saúde e a percepção dos profissionais de saúde sobre os usuários e a Política de Saúde Integral da População Negra, com enfoque nos povos de terreiro. Os resultados evidenciaram a maior facilidade dos adeptos do candomblé em transitar nos diversos espaços de saúde, elegendo o terreiro enquanto espaço de acolhimento e resolutividade para os processos de equilíbrio em prol da saúde. Por parte dos profissionais de saúde, emergiu o desconhecimento do contexto sociocultural dos usuários e das políticas afirmativas do SUS para Povos de Terreiro. Concluiu-se que tais saberes pouco dialogam, necessitando de mediações para tal.

This article is the result of a research conducted at the candomblé field Casa De Iemanjá IváOgun-Té, of Jeié/Nagô nation as well as in the Unity of Family Health Osvaldo Brandão Vilela, both in the suburbs, mostly composed of black population, in the city of Maceió-AL. The goal was to contribute to the implementation of the occupational therapy procedure in mediating necessary dialogues to implement the National Policy of the Black Population Full Health Program, focusing on the people from the candomblé fields. This is a qualitative study of ethnographically approach in which, the participating observation, the field diaries and interviews were used as sources of registration and data production. Content analysis was used as a technique to verify the collected data, from where 2 theme categories emerged: The relations of the practitioners of Candomblé with health dedicated spaces issues and the perception from health professionals towards the National Policy of the Black Population Full Health Program, focusing on the people from the candomblé fields. The results showed easiness of the practitioners of Candomblé in transiting through health dedicated spaces, using the Candomblé field as a place of refuge and resolution to balance processes towards health. As of the health professionals, we observed the ignorance and disregard towards the social and cultural situation of said users and the affirmative policies from SUS to the people from Candomblé fields. The study showed that these two areas of knowledge do not have enough dialogues, making it necessary to mediate the interactions between them.

Genetic variability in populations of Agave sisalana perrine detected by inter simple sequence repeats / Variabilidade genética em populações de Agave sisalana perrine detectada pela técnica inter simple sequence repeats

The aim this work was to evaluate the genetic variability within and among populations grown on sisal region of Bahia. The genetic diversity of 140 population of sisal was analyzed using ISSR molecular markers. Samples were collected in six counties in Bahia. Eighteen primers of ISSR were used, in which nine of them were effective in the amplification of DNA samples to yield 143 polymorphic loci. The average percentage of polymorphism found in the population was 64%. The average heterozygosis (He) and Shannon-Wiener index (I) were 0.180 and 0.279, respectively. 73% of the molecular variance can be due to intrapopulation differences. The populations were divided into two groups according to their geographical location, showing a structure of genetic variability in space. The GST 0.235, enough to avoid that there is a strong population differentiation. The genetic structure of sisal can be exploited for the creation of gene banks for conservation in situ and ex situ to obtain individuals of good commercial quality. There is genetic variability among sisal genotypes. ISSR molecular markers are efficient to analyze the divergence between sisal genotypes, assisting improvement work.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a variabilidade genética existente entre e dentro das populações cultivadas na região sisaleira baiana. A diversidade genética de 140 indivíduos de sisal foi analisada por meio de marcadores moleculares ISSR. As amostras foram coletadas em seis municípios baianos. Utilizando-se dezoito primers de ISSR, dos quais, nove foram eficientes na amplificação do DNA das amostras analisadas, obtendo-se 143 locos polimórficos. O percentual médio de polimorfismo encontrado nas populações foi de 64%. A média de heterozigosidade (He) e do índice de Shannon-Wiener (I) foram de 0,180 e 0,279, respectivamente. 73% da variância molecular pode ser atribuída às diferenças intrapopulacionais. As populações foram divididas em dois grupos, de acordo com sua localização geográfica, evidenciando uma estruturação da variabilidade genética no espaço. O GST de 0,235 foi suficiente para evitar que exista uma forte diferenciação populacional. A estruturação genética do sisal pode ser explorada para a criação de bancos de germoplasma, visando à conservação in situ e ex situ, para a obtenção de indivíduos de boa qualidade comercial. Há presença de variabilidade genética entre os genótipos de sisal. Marcadores moleculares ISSR são eficientes para analisar a divergência entre os acessos de sisal, auxiliando trabalhos de melhoramento.

Therapeutic modalities and postural balance of patients with knee osteoarthritis: systematic review / Modalidades terapêuticas e equilíbrio postural de pacientes com osteoartrite: revisão sistemática

AbstractObjective The objective of this review was to evaluate the evidence of the influence of therapeutic modalities on postural balance in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA).Methods A search for published papers on therapeutic modalities was conducted using the Pubmed, Medline, Lilacs and SciELO databases. The keywords “knee” and “balance” in combination with “osteoarthritis” were used as the search strategy. Randomized controlled clinical trials published in the last 10 years in either English or Portuguese were selected. The PEDro scale was applied to assess the quality of the selected clinical trials.Results A total of 46 studies of patients with knee OA were found, of which seven were analyzed in full and 39 were excluded because they did not meet the inclusion criteria. Of the seven studies reviewed, six were considered to have a high methodological quality on the PEDro scale. Several therapeutic modalities were found (physical exercise, hydrotherapy, electrotherapy and manual therapy), and postural balance improved in only three studies.Conclusion The studies included in this systematic review had a high methodological quality, so it can be concluded that the therapeutic modalities used in those studies improved postural balance in patients with knee OA.

ResumoObjetivo O objetivo desta revisão foi fornecer evidências da influência das modalidades terapêuticas no equilíbrio postural em pacientes com osteoartrite de joelho.Métodos A busca de publicações sobre as modalidades terapêuticas foi realizada nas bases de dados Pubmed, Medline, Lilacs e SciELO. Foram utilizadas como estratégia de busca as palavras-chave “knee” e “balance”, em combinação com “osteoarthritis”. Foram selecionados ensaios clínicos aleatórios e controlados dos últimos dez anos, em língua inglesa e portuguesa. Para verificar a qualidade dos ensaios clínicos selecionados, foi aplicada a Escala PEDro.Resultados Foram encontrados 46 estudos com pacientes com OA de joelho, sendo que, 7 estudos foram analisados na integra e 39 estudos foram excluídos por não se adequarem ao tema proposto. Dos sete estudos avaliados, seis foram considerados de alta qualidade metodológica na Escala de PEDro. Foram encontradas diversas modalidades terapêuticas (exercício físico, hidroterapia, eletroterapia e terapias manuais), porém em apenas três estudos houve melhora no equilíbrio postural.Conclusão Tendo em vista que os estudos incluídos na presente revisão sistemática têm uma alta qualidade metodológica, pode-se concluir que as modalidades terapêuticas utilizadas pelos estudos melhoraram o equilíbrio postural de pacientes com OA de joelho.

Herd-of-origin effect on the post-weaning performance of centrally tested Nellore beef cattle.

The objective of a performance test station is to evaluate the performance of potential breeding bulls earlier in order to decrease the generation interval and increase genetic gain as well. This study evaluates the herd-of-origin influence on end-of-test weight (ETW), average daily weight gain during testing (ADG), average daily weight gain during the adjustment period (ADGadj), rib eye area (REA), marbling (MARB), subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT), conformation (C), early finishing (EF), muscling (M), navel (N) and temperament (T) scores, and scrotal circumference (SC) of Nellore cattle that underwent a performance test. We evaluated 664 animals that participated in the performance tests conducted at the Center for Performance CRV Lagoa between 2007 and 2012. Components of variance for each trait were estimated by an animal model (model 1), using the restricted maximum likelihood method. An alternative animal model (model 2) included, in addition to the fixed effects present in S1, the non-correlated random effect of herd-year (HY). A significant HY effect was observed on ETW, REA, SFT, ADGadj, C, and Cw (p < 0.05). The estimated heritability of all traits decreased when the HY effect was included in the model; also, the bull rank, in deciles, changed significantly for traits ETW, REA, SFT, and C. The adjustment period did not completely remove the environmental effect of herd of origin on ETW, REA, SFT, and C. It is recommended that the herd-of-origin effect should be included in the statistical models used to predict the breeding values of the participants of these performance tests.

Accuracy of genomic predictions in Bos indicus (Nellore) cattle.

BACKGROUND: Nellore cattle play an important role in beef production in tropical systems and there is great interest in determining if genomic selection can contribute to accelerate genetic improvement of production and fertility in this breed. We present the first results of the implementation of genomic prediction in a Bos indicus (Nellore) population. METHODS: Influential bulls were genotyped with the Illumina Bovine HD chip in order to assess genomic predictive ability for weight and carcass traits, gestation length, scrotal circumference and two selection indices. 685 samples and 320 238 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were used in the analyses. A forward-prediction scheme was adopted to predict the genomic breeding values (DGV). In the training step, the estimated breeding values (EBV) of bulls were deregressed (dEBV) and used as pseudo-phenotypes to estimate marker effects using four methods: genomic BLUP with or without a residual polygenic effect (GBLUP20 and GBLUP0, respectively), a mixture model (Bayes C) and Bayesian LASSO (BLASSO). Empirical accuracies of the resulting genomic predictions were assessed based on the correlation between DGV and dEBV for the testing group. RESULTS: Accuracies of genomic predictions ranged from 0.17 (navel at weaning) to 0.74 (finishing precocity). Across traits, Bayesian regression models (Bayes C and BLASSO) were more accurate than GBLUP. The average empirical accuracies were 0.39 (GBLUP0), 0.40 (GBLUP20) and 0.44 (Bayes C and BLASSO). Bayes C and BLASSO tended to produce deflated predictions (i.e. slope of the regression of dEBV on DGV greater than 1). Further analyses suggested that higher-than-expected accuracies were observed for traits for which EBV means differed significantly between two breeding subgroups that were identified in a principal component analysis based on genomic relationships. CONCLUSIONS: Bayesian regression models are of interest for future applications of genomic selection in this population, but further improvements are needed to reduce deflation of their predictions. Recurrent updates of the training population would be required to enable accurate prediction of the genetic merit of young animals. The technical feasibility of applying genomic prediction in a Bos indicus (Nellore) population was demonstrated. Further research is needed to permit cost-effective selection decisions using genomic information.

The impact of sleep duration on self-rated health.

PURPOSE: To review the association between sleep duration and self-rated health. METHODS: A search for original and review articles focusing on sleep duration and self-rated health was performed in PubMed. The general search strategy was [("sleep duration" OR "total sleep time" OR "time in bed") AND "self-rated health"]. RESULTS: We found 22 articles in the English language; 8 articles with no direct association between sleep duration and self-rated health were excluded. Of these articles, 14 were considered potentially relevant and examined in detail, and 9 were excluded for not having self-rated health as the primary outcome. This work was compounded by 5 papers. The extremes of sleep duration (short or long) exhibited an interaction with poor or worse self-rated health. CONCLUSION: The sleep duration issue should be considered when inquiring about health conditions, as this factor can lead to adverse results in global health status.

Passive body heating improves sleep patterns in female patients with fibromyalgia.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of passive body heating on the sleep patterns of patients with fibromyalgia. METHODS: Six menopausal women diagnosed with fibromyalgia according to the criteria determined by the American College of Rheumatology were included. All women underwent passive immersion in a warm bath at a temperature of 36 ±1 °C for 15 sessions of 30 minutes each over a period of three weeks. Their sleep patterns were assessed by polysomnography at the following time-points: pre-intervention (baseline), the first day of the intervention (acute), the last day of the intervention (chronic), and three weeks after the end of the intervention (follow-up). Core body temperature was evaluated by a thermistor pill during the baseline, acute, chronic, and follow-up periods. The impact of this treatment on fibromyalgia was assessed via a specific questionnaire termed the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire. RESULTS: Sleep latency, rapid eye movement sleep latency and slow wave sleep were significantly reduced in the chronic and acute conditions compared with baseline. Sleep efficiency was significantly increased during the chronic condition, and the awakening index was reduced at the chronic and follow-up time points relative to the baseline values. No significant differences were observed in total sleep time, time in sleep stages 1 or 2 or rapid eye movement sleep percentage. The core body temperature and Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire responses did not significantly change over the course of the study. CONCLUSION: Passive body heating had a positive effect on the sleep patterns of women with fibromyalgia.

Passive body heating improves sleep patterns in female patients with fibromyalgia

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of passive body heating on the sleep patterns of patients with fibromyalgia. METHODS: Six menopausal women diagnosed with fibromyalgia according to the criteria determined by the American College of Rheumatology were included. All women underwent passive immersion in a warm bath at a temperature of 36 ±1 °C for 15 sessions of 30 minutes each over a period of three weeks. Their sleep patterns were assessed by polysomnography at the following time-points: pre-intervention (baseline), the first day of the intervention (acute), the last day of the intervention (chronic), and three weeks after the end of the intervention (follow-up). Core body temperature was evaluated by a thermistor pill during the baseline, acute, chronic, and follow-up periods. The impact of this treatment on fibromyalgia was assessed via a specific questionnaire termed the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire. RESULTS: Sleep latency, rapid eye movement sleep latency and slow wave sleep were significantly reduced in the chronic and acute conditions compared with baseline. Sleep efficiency was significantly increased during the chronic condition, and the awakening index was reduced at the chronic and follow-up time points relative to the baseline values. No significant differences were observed in total sleep time, time in sleep stages 1 or 2 or rapid eye movement sleep percentage. The core body temperature and Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire responses did not significantly change over the course of the study. CONCLUSION: Passive body heating had a positive effect on the sleep patterns of women with fibromyalgia.