Prognosis of patients with severe cerebral venous thrombosis treated with decompressive craniectomy.

INTRODUCTION: Despite the highly favorable prognosis, mortality occurs in nearly 2% of patients with cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT), in which decompressive craniectomy (DC) may be the only way to save the patient's life. The aim of this report is to describe the risk factors, neuroimaging features, in-hospital complications and functional outcome of severe CVT in patients treated with DC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Consecutive malignant CVT cases treated with DC from a retrospective third-level hospital database were analyzed. Demographic, clinical, and functional outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS: Twenty-six patients were included (20 female, age 35.4±12.1 years); 53.8% of the patients had acute CVT, with neurological focalization as the most common symptom in 92.3% of the patients. Superior sagittal sinus thromboses were found in 84.6% of cases. Bilateral lesions were present in 10 patients (38.5%). Imaging on admission showed a parenchymal lesion (venous infarction±hemorrhagic lesion)>6cm measured along the longest diameter in 25 patients (96.2%). Mean duration of clinical neurological deterioration was 3.5 days; eleven patients (42.3%) died during hospitalization. CONCLUSION: In patients with severe forms of CVT, we found higher mortality than previously reported. DC is an effective life-saving treatment with acceptable functional prognosis for survivors.

Attitudes scale toward cancer-related cognitive changes - an initial Colombian validation.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to develop an initial valid tool to measure attitudes toward cancer-related cognitive changes. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: After revising the literature, three main dimensions were hypothesized. Eight judges were contacted to obtain content validity evidence. A robust Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was performed via a parallel analysis with an Unweighted Least Squares (ULS) estimator and polychoric correlations. The results were crossed with sociodemographic variables to find possible statistical differences and estimate the size effect. Analysis was performed in the software Factor and the statistical package R. RESULTS: A sample of 374 participants was obtained, involving oncology patients, their caregivers, and people from the general community. A statistical fit was found in two dimensions: Awareness and Judgments [root mean squared error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.042, standardized root mean square residual (SRMR) = 0.02, comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.99, Tucker-Lewis index (TLI) = 0.98] with a moderate correlation between them (r = 0.612). Optimal reliability indices were obtained for the total scale and its dimensions. No real statistical difference was found between sociodemographic variables; the interpretation norms were established via the quartiles. CONCLUSIONS: The first attempt to measure the construct of interest was developed with two primary validity evidence based on the content and its internal structure. This instrument could help strengthen the prevention of cancer-related cognitive changes. More research is needed to adhere more valid evidence to the scale.

Prognosis of patients with severe cerebral venous thrombosis treated with decompressive craniectomy.

INTRODUCTION: Despite the highly favorable prognosis, mortality occurs in nearly 2% of patients with cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT), in which decompressive craniectomy (DC) may be the only way to save the patient's life. The aim of this report is to describe the risk factors, neuroimaging features, in-hospital complications and functional outcome of severe CVT in patients treated with DC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Consecutive malignant CVT cases treated with DC from a retrospective third-level hospital database were analyzed. Demographic, clinical, and functional outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS: Twenty-six patients were included (20 female, age 35.4±12.1 years); 53.8% of the patients had acute CVT, with neurological focalization as the most common symptom in 92.3% of the patients. Superior sagittal sinus thromboses were found in 84.6% of cases. Bilateral lesions were present in 10 patients (38.5%). Imaging on admission showed a parenchymal lesion (venous infarction±hemorrhagic lesion)>6cm measured along the longest diameter in 25 patients (96.2%). Mean duration of clinical neurological deterioration was 3.5 days; eleven patients (42.3%) died during hospitalization. CONCLUSION: In patients with severe forms of CVT, we found higher mortality than previously reported. DC is an effective life-saving treatment with acceptable functional prognosis for survivors.

El cuidado de enfermería generador de confianza de la mujer durante el trabajo de parto / Nursing care: women's confidence-building during labor and delivery / Gerador de cuidados de enfermagem de confiança das mulheres durante o trabalho de parto

Introducción: el proceso de parto representa una de las experiencias más importantes para la mujer, puede ser una de las mejores vivencias o el evento más traumático y doloroso que podría tener durante la vida; implica una experiencia psicosocial profunda que pone a prueba su feminidad y competencias personales. Objetivo: describir la percepción de la gestante acerca del cuidado brindado por el profesional en enfermería durante el trabajo de parto en un hospital de nivel III-IV de la ciudad de Neiva, Colombia desde las cinco dimensiones propuestas en la teoría de los cuidados de Kristen Swanson. Métodos: se utilizó la fenomenología interpretativa, y como técnica de recolección de datos la entrevista en profundidad. La muestra se determinó por saturación de la información. Se entrevistaron seis mujeres que tuvieron trabajo de parto, a cada una se le realizaron tres entrevistas, transcritas por las investigadoras. Resultados: se identificaron cinco categorías: 1) El acompañamiento marca la diferencia en el cuidado de enfermería; 2) Lo que necesita la parturienta: confianza, seguridad y tranquilidad; 3) Encontrar un ángel; 4) La enfermera me animaba para seguir adelante; 5) El conocimiento de la enfermera produce seguridad en la gestante. Fue posible determinar que cuando la gestante se sintió acompañada, estableció empatía con la enfermera y, logró sentir confianza, tranquilidad y seguridad. Esto permitió tener una relación de reciprocidad. Además las participantes destacaron que la enfermera se esforzó para otorgar un cuidado más cercano y centrado en la persona. Conclusiones: el cuidado que brinda la enfermera significa algo más que intervenciones asistenciales competentes; implica crear empatía, generar confianza, tranquilidad, seguridad, todo lo cual es propiciado por el acompañamiento que se da a la gestante. (AU)

Introduction: The childbirth process represents one of the most important experiences for a woman. It can be one of the best experiences or the most traumatic and painful event a woman could undergo during her life; it is a deep psychosocial experience that tests her femininity and personal competencies. Objective: To describe pregnant women's perception of the care provided during labor by professional nurses in a Level III-IV hospital in the city of Neiva, Colombia, based on the five processes proposed in Kristen Swanson's theory of caring. Methods: An interpretative phenomenological analysis was used. In-depth interviews were employed as the method of data collection. The sample was determined by data saturation. Six women who were in labor were interviewed; three interviews were conducted with each woman and transcribed by the researchers. Results: Five categories were identified: 1) assistance makes the difference in nursing care, 2) what a woman in labor needs: confidence, security, and peace of mind, 3) finding an angel, 4) the nurse encouraged me to keep going, and 5) nurse's knowledge provides pregnant women with security. It was possible to determine that when the pregnant woman felt assisted, she empathized with the nurse and was able to feel confidence, peace of mind, and security; this allowed for a reciprocal relationship. In addition, the participants highlighted that the nurse made an effort to provide closer and more person-centered care. Conclusions: Nurse-delivered care means something more than competent assistance interventions; it implies developing empathy and building confidence, peace of mind, security, all of which are propitiated by the assistance given to pregnant women. (AU)

Introdução: O processo de parto representa uma das experiências mais importantes nas mulheres e pode ser uma das melhores experiências ou o evento mais traumático e doloroso que poderia ter durante a vida; implicando uma profunda experiência psicossocial que testa sua feminilidade e habilidades pessoais. Esta pesquisa é guiada pela teoria de médio alcance proposta por Kristen Swanson, com seus cinco processos que se sobrepõem e são melhor compreendidos como dimensões de um fenômeno que não são excluídos um do outro, mas podem ser organizados hierarquicamente, conservando a Ideia de uma totalidade. Objetivo: Descrever a percepção da gestante sobre os cuidados prestados pelo profissional de enfermagem durante o trabalho de parto em um hospital do nível III-IV da cidade de Neiva, a partir das cinco dimensões propostas na Teoria do Cuidado de Kristen Swanson. Métodos: Fo i utilizada a fenomenologia interpretativa e, como técnica de coleta de dados em profundidade, a amostra foi determinada pela saturação das informações, foram entrevistadas 6 mulheres que tiveram trabalho de parto, cada uma com três entrevistas, que foram transcritas pela pesquisadora. Resultados: fo r a m identificadas cinco categorias: 1. O acompanhamento faz a diferença na assistência de enfermagem, 2. O que a parturiente precisa: confiança, segurança e tranquilidade, 3. Encontrar um anjo, 4. A enfermeira me incentivou a seguir em frente, 5. O conhecimento do enfermeiro produz segurança na gestante. Foi possível determinar que, quando a gestante se sentia acompanhada, estabeleceu empatia com a enfermeira, conseguindo sentir confiança, tranquilidade e segurança, isso permitiu ter um relacionamento recíproco; Eles também enfatizam que a enfermeira fez um esforço para oferecer um cuidado mais próximo e centrado na pessoa. Conclusões: O cuidado prestado pelo enfermeiro significa mais do que intervenções assistenciais competentes, implica criar empatia, criar confiança, tranquilidade, segurança, fomentada pelo apoio prestado à gestante. (AU)

A high-resolution frequency variable experimental setup for studying ferrofluids used in magnetic hyperthermia.

A scanning system for specific absorption rate of ferrofluids with superparamagnetic nanoparticles is presented in this study. The system contains an induction heating device designed and built with a resonant inverter in order to generate magnetic field amplitudes up to 38 mT, over the frequency band 180-525 kHz. Its resonant circuit involves a variable capacitor with 1 nF of capacitance steps to easily select the desired frequency, reaching from 0.3 kHz/nF up to 5 kHz/nF of resolution. The device performance is characterized in order to compare with the theoretical predictions of frequency and amplitude, showing a good agreement with the resonant inverters theory. Additionally, the setup is tested using a synthetic iron oxide with 10 ± 1 nm diameter suspended in liquid glycerol, with concentrations at 1%. Meanwhile, the temperature rise is measured to determine the specific absorption rate and calculate the dissipated power density for each f. This device is a suitable alternative to studying ferrofluids and analyzes the dependence of the power absorption density with the magnetic field intensity and frequency.

Asociación entre el labio y/o paladar hendido no sindrómico y el estado nutricional / Nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate and its association with the nutritional status

Objective: to assess the potential association between non-syndromic cleft lip and/or palate (CLP) and weight and height gain. Subjects and methods: An analytic cross sectional study was donei n a sample conformed by 83 CLP children and 96 children without clefts. Sociodemographic and clinical variables were included as the presence of LPH, weight, height and nutritional status. For bivariate analyzes, Chi2 or Fisher exact test and Student t test or Wilcoxon Rank test were applied as appropriate. Logistic regression and the respective OR correction was performed. Results: the presence of lip and palate was associated with height (p=0.015), weight (p=0.030) and nutritional status (p=0.043); however, in the final adjusted model, the nutritional status was only statistically associated with the variable gender (p=0.031). Conclusions: the nutritional condition between cleft lip and palate and non-cleft children did not show a statistically significant difference, nor did the type of cleft.

Objetivo: determinar la posible asociación entre el labio y/o el paladar hendido no sindrómico (LPH) con el estado nutricional de los niños que lo padecen. Sujetos y Método: se realizó un estudio observacional analítico de corte transversal que comparó el estado nutricional de 83 niños con LPH y 96 que no lo presentaban. Se incluyeron variables sociodemográficas, clínicas y antropométricas que fueron analizadas mediante un análisis bivariado y una regresión logística con su respectiva corrección de los OR. Resultados: la presencia de labio y paladar hendido se asoció con la talla (p=0,015), el peso (p=0,030) y el estado nutricional (p=0,043); sin embargo, en el modelo final ajustado el estado nutricional solo se asoció estadísticamente con la variable sexo (p=0,031). Conclusiones: no se presentó una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre el estado nutricional de los infantes con labio y/o paladar hendido comparado con el de los niños que no presentaban hendiduras.

Carbonic anhydrases and their functional differences in human and mouse sperm physiology.

Fertilization is a key reproductive event in which sperm and egg fuse to generate a new individual. Proper regulation of certain parameters (such as intracellular pH) is crucial for this process. Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are among the molecular entities that control intracellular pH dynamics in most cells. Unfortunately, little is known about the function of CAs in mammalian sperm physiology. For this reason, we re-explored the expression of CAI, II, IV and XIII in human and mouse sperm. We also measured the level of CA activity, determined by mass spectrometry, and found that it is similar in non-capacitated and capacitated mouse sperm. Importantly, we found that CAII activity accounts for half of the total CA activity in capacitated mouse sperm. Using the general CA inhibitor ethoxyzolamide, we studied how CAs participate in fundamental sperm physiological processes such as motility and acrosome reaction in both species. We found that capacitated human sperm depend strongly on CA activity to support normal motility, while capacitated mouse sperm do not. Finally, we found that CA inhibition increases the acrosome reaction in capacitated human sperm, but not in capacitated mouse sperm.

Seguridad alimentaria en Colombia y modelo rasch / Food security in Colombia and rasch model

Este estudio sometió dos escalas utilizadas para determinar la seguridad alimentaria en las encuestas nacionales de situación nutricional de Colombia (ENSIN) al modelo Rasch para conocer su desempeno ante la evidencia contradictoria de su utilidad. En la práctica la EPSA mide la inseguridad alimentaria con base en un solo ítem, el p1, el cual por su baja dificultad -8,46 logits, desviación estándar (DS) de 1,83-, resulta inapropiado para medir los hogares estudiados. Con base en los estadísticos calculados cinco de los doce ítems presentan sobreajuste y tres de los doce incluido el primero, degradación de la medición. Al igual que con la EPSA p1 define el resultado en muy buena medida y la prueba resulta inapropiada para los hogares estudiados. Con base en los estadísticos calculados al menos cuatro de los quince ítems presentan sobreajuste y cuatro de los quince incluido el primero degradación de la medición. La medición utilizando herramientas que no son adecuadas pero si atractivas, puede ser un nuevo y mayúsculo problema que se sume a otras condiciones asociadas a la inseguridad alimentaria de los hogares.

This study subjected two scales used to determine food security in national nutritional status surveys in Colombia (ENSIN) to the Rasch model to assess their performance on the contradictory evidence of its usefulness. In practical terms, the EPSA measures food insecurity based on a single item, p1, which due to its low difficulty (8.46 logits, standard deviation of1.83) is inappropriate to measure the surveyed households. Based on statistical calculation five of the twelve items presented overfitting and three of the twelve (including the first) presented measurement degradation. Like the EPSA, p1 defines the result to a large extent showing that the test is inadequate for the surveyed households. Based on statistics at leastfour of the fifteen items showed over-adjustment andfour of the fifteen, including the first, showed measurement degradation. Measurements using tools that are not appropriate, but attractive, can be a new and serious problem that adds to other conditions associated with household food insecurity.

Inheritance of craniofacial features in Colombian families with class III malocclusion.

INTRODUCTION: The inheritance of class III malocclusion has been well documented, but the inheritance of craniofacial structures in Colombian families with this malocclusion has been not yet reported. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study sample of 25 families comprised 186 untreated orthodontic individuals from 8 to 60 years old. Pedigrees were drawn using Cyrillic software. Complete family histories for each proband were ascertained and the affection status of relatives was confirmed by lateral cephalograms and facial and dental photographs. Analysis of variance and odds ratio test for each parameter was performed to estimate inheritance from parents to offspring and to determine similar phenotypic features in relatives. RESULTS: The analysis of the pedigrees suggests autosomal dominant inheritance. The craniofacial characteristics that showed more resemblance between parents and offspring were middle facial height, shorter anterior cranial base and mandibular prognathism. In contrast the protrusion of upper lip and maxillary retrusion were the phenotypic features that contributed to class III in the majority of families. CONCLUSION: Knowledge of the inheritance of craniofacial phenotypes in class III malocclusion will enable the design of new therapies to treat this malocclusion.

Validez factorial, consistencia interna y reproducibilidad de la escala de seguridad alimentaria en hogares de Bucaramanga, Colombia / Factorial validity, internal consistency and reproducibility of the scale of food security in household of Bucaramanga, Colombia

El objetivo fue establecer en hogares de Bucaramanga, la validez factorial, la consistencia interna y la reproducibilidad de la escala de percepción de seguridad alimentaria (EPSA), aplicada en la Encuesta de la Situación Nutritional en Colombia (ENSIN-2005). Durante el primer semestre de 2 007, en 108 hogares se aplicó un formato con variables socioeconómicas, y con intervalo de un mes, dos veces la EPSA. Se realizó análisis de factores y se evaluó la bondad de ajuste del modelo final y el teórico. Se estableció la reproducibilidad de la EPSA y su consistencia interna. Se ratifico una dimensión con dos componentes; "falta de dinero para comprar alimentos" y "experiencia de hambre por falta de alimentos". Este modelo es igual al aplicado en la ENSIN-2005, explica 76 por ciento de la varianza y su ajuste es apenas aceptable; RMSEA: 0,27, NFI: 0,63, GFI: 0,58. La reproducibilidad es casi perfecta, r= 0,98 (IC; 0,98 a 0,99) y tiene validez interna, Alfa de Cronbach 0,92. A pesar de las propiedades psicométricas y ahora de su reproducibilidad, aún no puede considerarse que el conocimiento sobre la utilidad y limitaciones de la EPSA esté concluido.

The objective of this study was to assess in households of Bucaramanga, the factorial validity, internal consistency and reproducibility of the scale of perception of food security (EPSA) applied in the Survey of the Nutritional Situation in Colombia (ENSIN-2005). During the first semester of 2007, a questionnaire with socioeconomic variables was applied in 108 household and, with interval of one month, EPSA was applied twice. Factor analysis and goodness of fit of the final model and the theoretical one were evaluated. We established the reproducibility of the EPSA and its internal consistency. We ratified a dimension with two components; ilack of money to buy foods and experience of hunger for lack of foods. This model is similar to the one applied in the ENSIN-2005, explains 76 percent of the variance and its adjustment was barely acceptable: RMSEA 0.27, NFI 0.63, GFI 0.58. The reproducibility was almost perfect (r= 0.98, CI; 0.98 - 0.99) and had internal validity, alpha of Cronbach 0.92.

Lack of correlation between the central anti-nociceptive and peripheral anti-inflammatory effects of selective COX-2 inhibitor parecoxib.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are thought to exert their pharmacological actions by a common mechanism: inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX)-mediated prostanoid synthesis. Yet, differences and dissociation between their analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects have not been related to this enzymatic mechanism but mainly to pharmacokinetic factors. Thus, we have compared the effects of an equieffective anti-inflammatory dose (6 mg/kg i.p.) of two NSAIDs with comparable spinal pharmacokinetics, ketoprofen (moderately preferential for COX-1) and parecoxib (selective COX-2), on the activation of spinal nociceptive neurons (measured as c-Fos expression) induced by carrageenan-induced acute inflammation in the rat paw. Both NSAIDs showed a similar anti-inflammatory effect when administered after carrageenan injection (post-treatment). Post-treatment with ketoprofen produced inhibition of c-Fos but parecoxib did not have any significant effect. In addition, parecoxib anti-inflammatory effect was greater than that of ketoprofen, when administered before carrageenan injection (pre-treatment). Paradoxically, pre-treatment with ketoprofen produced a greater inhibition of c-Fos expression than with parecoxib, in all lamina of ipsilateral dorsal horn of the lumbar spinal cord. This suggests that NSAIDs therapeutic profile is related to their selectivity for COX isoforms and COX-2 is involved in the initiation but not in the maintenance of nociceptive spinal activation, which depends on COX-1.

Editorial. Grandes retos y desafíos se presentan para enfermería en el siglo XXI / Editorial. Grandes retos y desafíos se presentan para enfermería en el siglo XXI

La sociedad actual protagoniza una era de cambios y transformaciones; nuevos paradigmas hacen parte de estos procesos donde la multiculturalidad, la integración y, así mismo, las migraciones y los desplazamientos de poblaciones, entre muchos otros fenómenos, han trascendido las fronteras.Esta situación demanda de las ciencias sociales y, muy particularmente, de enfermería, una profunda reflexión sobre su aporte y el de otras disciplinas a la solución de las problemáticas actuales.En este sentido, se hace necesario orientar los programas de formación de futuros profesionales, sus perfiles y áreas de desempeño, acordes con los actuales escenarios y contextos, enmarcados en un mundo globalizado y cambiante, reconociendo y valorando la cultura de los pueblos, sus raíces y su historia.Estadísticas recientes de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS) reportan que en América Latina hay más de cien millones de personas sin ningún servicio de salud; es decir, en condiciones de pobreza extrema. Entre ellos se cuentan menores de cinco años, mujeres, adultos mayores, grupos étnicos y raciales, para quienes la marginalidad con todos sus efectos adversos es el registro diario de su acontecer.La respuesta a este panorama, que se da desde diferentes ámbitos, constituye una experiencia intercultural de carácter global. Una experiencia en la que las nuevas tecnologías resultan fundamentales y estratégicas para comprender e interactuar en este entorno y, por tanto, deben hacer parte de las competencias en la formación de nuevos profesionales.

Stress ECG and laboratory database for the assessment of diabetic cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy.

Development of a diabetic patient database in order to study Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy (CAN) using as a primary source, stress ECG is presented. The selected platform (ecgML) allows user-friendly environment to analyze and interpret graphs, signals and data. It also allows the ability to perform annotations and reports done by users from different fields. In order to feed the database, the input data is codify using MatLab. The database is composed by two populations: 1) Type 2 Diabetes mellitus group and 2) a control group with no medical history of cardiovascular disease. At the present, there are 62 records available from these two groups. The database also contains laboratory parameters, concurrent medical diagnoses reports verified by cardiologists and other clinicians, automatic annotations for each beat and trend series from parameters extracted from the ECG signals such as RR intervals and ST segment measurements. All this information will become very useful for CAN investigations.

Avance disciplinar. Nuevos retos en formación avanzada / Avance disciplinar. Nuevos retos en formación avanzada

Este último número de Aquichan coincide con la apertura del nuevo Programa de Maestría en Enfermería, que recibió el Registro Calificado por parte del Ministerio de Educación Nacional, en el pasado mes de agosto.La Facultad de Enfermería, consecuente con los procesos de calidad y excelencia contemplados dentro del Plan de Desarrollo Institucional, impulsa la investigación y la apertura de programas de formación avanzada.La Maestría en Enfermería es el resultado de la consolidación y madurez de los procesos académicos iniciados en 1991, con la apertura del Programa de Enfermería.A lo largo de estos años se han alcanzado, entre otros, la renovación de la Acreditación de Alta Calidad del programa de pregrado, otorgada por el Ministerio de Educación Nacional por siete años, el inicio y desarrollo de los programas de Especialización en Cuidado Crítico Pediátrico, Gestión en Rehabilitación y Salud Escolar.Así mismo, la estructuración y el desarrollo del grupo de investigación sobre el Modelo de Adaptación de Callista Roy, clasificado por Colciencias en Categoría B, y sus resultados reflejados en publicaciones en revistas indexadas y productos editoriales, como el segundo libro del grupo titulado: La adaptación en el ser humano. Una visión de Enfermería, publicado por la Universidad de La Sabana en coedición con la Editorial Manual Moderno en el 2007.Igualmente, la asesoría a otros programas académicos e instituciones clínicas, la implementación de estrategias como la cátedra abierta para el desarrollo y estudio del Modelo, la creación de la página web del grupo, junto con el reconocimiento académico otorgado a la profesora María Elisa Moreno Fergusson, coordinadora del grupo de investigación, por parte de la Roy Adaptation Association como Member Fellow Award, y la reciente creación del Capítulo Colombiano de esta asociación, evidencian los importantes logros alcanzados.El trabajo conjunto con pares nacionales e internacionales, y la presencia de profesores visitan...

Antinociceptive activity of Syzygium jambos leaves extract on rats.

Syzygium jambos (L.) Alston (Myrtaceae) (syn Eugenia jambos) is a widespread medicinal plant traditionally used in sub-Saharan Africa to treat several diseases. The analgesic potential of leaf hydro-alcoholic extracts was assessed in rats. Hot plate and formalin tests were used to estimate cutaneous nociception whereas measurements of forelimb grip force were done to assess muscular nociception under normal and inflammatory conditions. In the hot plate test, Syzygium jambos extract produced a significant increase in the withdrawal response latencies in a dose-dependant manner (10-300 mg/kg i.p.) and with a maximal effect (analgesic efficacy) similar to that of morphine. The extract (100-300 mg/kg i.p.) significantly reduced pain scores in all the phases of the formalin test with an analgesic efficacy higher than that shown by diclofenac. Although the extract (300 mg/kg) did not alter grip force in intact rats, it reversed the reduction in grip force induced by bilateral injection carrageenan in the forelimb triceps. This analgesic effect of the extract on muscle hyperalgesia was not antagonized, but enhanced, by naloxone. Thus, the Syzygium jambos extract has remarkable analgesic effects on both cutaneous and deep muscle pain that is not mediated by opioid receptors.

Ingesta usual de vitaminas y minerales en Bucaramanga, Colombia / Usual intake of vitamins and minerals in Bucaramanga, Colombia

The usual intake represents the dietary intake of medium and long term; its estimate being preferable to that of the current intake. The usual intake allows comparison with values of dietary reference intake (DRI's) to establish the deficiency or excess. One hundred and sixty seven subjects between 20 and 60 years old, selected at random, completed a record of intake of foods during seven serial days. The inadequate intake was evident for folic acid (30% in men and 50% in women, p < 0.001), zinc (16% for men and 28% for women, p < 0.001) and magnesium (47% for men and 48% for women, p < 0.001). Women had a higher risk of inadequacy than men in consumption of vitamins. Except for folic acid, all studied vitamins were consumed in smaller quantities in the socioeconomic level one, showing a lineal trend (p < 0.001). Deficit in the intakes existed for some vitamins and minerals which may favour the development of chronic diseases and cardiovascular events. It is necessary to continue developing charts of composition of foods that allow a translation of the diet to nutrition, in a way more appropriate and more coherent with the type of epidemic profile and the conditions of dietary intake.

El consumo usual representa la ingesta dietética de mediano y largo plazo, su estimación es preferible a la del consumo actual. El consumo usual permite con base a los valores de referencia de ingesta dietaria (DRI`s) establecer las prevalencias de déficit o exceso. Para tal fin, encuestamos un grupo de 167 personas entre 20 y 60 años, seleccionadas al azar, quienes completaron un registro de consumo de alimentos con medidas de peso y volumen durante siete días consecutivos. La ingesta inadecuada es evidente para el ácido fólico; 30% en hombres y 50% en mujeres (p<0.001), el cinc; 16% para hombres y 28% para mujeres (p<0,001) y el magnesio; 47% para hombres y 48% para mujeres (p<0,001). Las mujeres tienen mayor riesgo de inadecuación en el consumo de vitaminas. Con excepción del ácido fólico todas las vitaminas estudiadas son consumidas en menor cantidad en el nivel socioeconómico uno; existiendo una tendencia lineal (p<0,001). Existen consumos deficitarios para algunas vitaminas y minerales que favorecen el desarrollo de eventos crónicos y cardiovasculares. Es necesario seguir desarrollando tablas de composición de alimentos que permitan una traducción de la dieta a nutrientes, más adecuada y coherente con el tipo de perfil epidemiológico y las condiciones de consumo dietario.

Fuentes y magnitud de la variación en la dieta de adultos de Bucaramanga, Colombia / Sources and magnitude of the variation in the diet of adults from Bucaramanga, Colombia

La incorrecta medición de la dieta se traduce en atenuación ó dilución de las medidas epidemiológicas. La variación intra-persona y entre-personas es el principal determinante de este efecto. Para describir la variabilidad de la dieta de una ciudad colombiana, fueron analizados los registros de la ingesta dietaria de 167 adultos, realizada durante siete días y en diferentes estaciones climáticas, durante 1998-2003. Utilizando análisis de varianza (ANOVA), se cálculo el error intra-persona y entre-personas, la razón intra-persona/entre-personas, y los coeficientes de variación para los valores absolutos, transformados y ajustados por la energía utilizando regresión lineal. La razón intra-persona/entre-personas, no es diferente por sexo y menor de 1 para todas las variables nutricionales, excepto para la fibra dietaria, el hierro y el manganeso. El error entre-personas, esta explicado por los sujetos, la edad, el sexo y el día de la semana. Con un margen de error entre 10 por ciento y 15 por ciento, es viable en esta población estudiar correctamente la dieta. La baja variabilidad intra-persona atenuará poco las medidas de efecto absoluto calculadas en estudios epidemiológicos. Sin embargo, la dieta es homogénea y característica de un país pobre, lo que dificultará encontrar relaciones entre dieta y enfermedad.

The incorrect measurement of the diet produces an attenuation or dilution of epidemiologic measures. The variation within-person and between-person are the main determinant of this effect. To describe the variability of the diet of a Colombian city, the record of the dietary intake survey of 167 adults carried out during seven days and in different seasons, during 1998-2003, was analyzed. Using analysis of variance (ANOVA), error within-person and between-person, was calculated the reason within-person/between-person, and the variation coefficients for the absolute values, transformed and adjusted by the energy using lineal regression. The reason within-person/between-person is not different for sex and smaller than 1 for all the nutritional variables, except for dietary fiber, iron and manganese. The error between-person was explained by the subjects, sex and the day of the week. With an error margin between 10% and 15 percent, it is viable in this population to study the diet correctly. The drop variability within-person will attenuate little the measures of absolute effect calculated in epidemic studies. However, the diet is homogeneous and characteristic of a poor country, what will hinder to find relationships between diet and illness.

Perfil dopaminérgico del compuesto 2-aminoindano N-aralquil sustituido / Profile dopaminergic of the compound 2-aminoindane substituted N-araquil

El sistema dopaminergico central está implicado en las diversas etiologías que involucran a patologías neuropsiquiátricas, tales como la enfermedad de Parkinson, la depresión y la esquizofrenia. Son numerosas las drogas dopaminérgicas utilizadas en el tratamiento de esas dolencias, sin embargo estas terapias causan serios efectos adversos. En este contexto, la génesis de nuevos y más eficientes agentes dopaminergicos, representa un vasto campo de investigación. En el presente trabajo se sintetizó el compuesto 3, concebido como un ligando dopaminérgico, y se evaluó el perfil de su acción dopaminérgica mediante administración central del compuesto y la determinanción de parámetros conductuales como el comportameinto estereotipado (roer) y la medición de la respuesta renal en ratas. Los resultados de la evaluación farmacológica muestran que el compuesto 3 bloquea significativamente la estereotipia inducida por apomorfina, e inhibe la diuresis y natriuresis inducida por la administración central de dopamina. Estos hallazgos sugieren que el compuesto 3 se comporta como un antagonista dopaminérgico, frente a la respuesta tanto conductuales como renales

Hernioplastia inguinal con cono protésico bajo anestesia local en pacientes ambulatorios / Inguinal hernioplasty with mesh-pulg under local anesthesia in ambulatory patients

Determinar la tolerancia de la hernioplastia inguinal colocando cono protésico, con anestesia local en condición ambulatoria. Durante 2 años 73 pacientes portadores de hernias inguinales reunieron los criterios de inclusión y se les practicó hernioplastia inguinal con cono protésico según la técnica de Rutkow y Robbins bajo anestesia local y de forma ambulatoria. En éstos pacientes se midió la tolerancia basándose en los requerimientos de anestésico local y en la valoración subjetiva del paciente por el equipo quirúrgico, durante el procedimiento. El seguimiento se realizó por un año. Del total de 73 pacientes evaluados cuyas edades estuvieron comprendidas entre 13 y 76 años con una media de 38,62, se realizaron 63 herniorráfias en hombres y 10 en mujeres. El 97 por ciento (71) de las hernias eran primarias y solo 3 por ciento (2) recidivadas. El tipo de hernia más frecuente fue la directa con 37 pacientes lo que representó un 50,7 por ciento de todos los casos que conformaron la serie. La media de unidades de anestesia requerida durante el procedimiento fue de 6,7 unidades, la tolerancia según este criterio fue excelente en 35 por ciento (26) de los pacientes, buena en 21,9 por ciento (16) de los pacientes, regular en 32,9 por ciento (24) y mala en 9,6 por ciento (7). La tolerancia basada en la observación dl equipo quirúrgico fue excelente en 33 por ciento (24), buena en 52 por ciento (38), regular en 14 por ciento (10) y mala en 1 por ciento. La tasa de complicaciones fue del 16 por ciento y se presentó una sola recidiva lo que presentó el 1 por ciento. La hernioplastia por técnica de libre tensión con cono protésico según la técnica de Rutkow y Robbins es un procedimiento bien tolerado con anestesia local y en condición ambulatoria. En nuestro estudio obtuvimos niveles bajos de complicaciones y recidiva.