Emergent Patterns, Collaborative Networks and Thematic Evolution on Black Stain and Dental Caries: A Scientometric Study.

AIM: To conduct a scientometric analysis on black stains, and dental caries, with a focus on identifying emergent patterns, collaborative networks, and thematic evolution. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective, descriptive, observational study was conducted using a scientometric approach. The Scopus database was utilized for literature search, selecting articles published between 1976 and 2023. The literature search was carried out on February 8, 2024, using AND and OR Boolean operators which were adapted to the search strategy. Finally, SciVal used different scientometric indicators such as "Scholarly Output", "Views Count", "Field-Weighted Citation Impact" and the "Citation Count". RESULTS: A total of 13 documents from 10 different sources were analyzed, covering a period from 1976 to 2023. Despite an annual growth rate of 0%, each document has an average of 21.08 citations, indicating their relevance in the field. The documents have an average age of 12.9 years and contain 336 references. A total of 143 additional keywords and 26 author keywords were identified. The documents were written by 62 different authors, with an average of 5 coauthors per document and 30.77% international coauthorships. CONCLUSION: The results indicate a significant relevance of the documents in the field, a notable collaboration among authors, and a significant thematic evolution in the research topics. The mentioned institutions and sources produced documents with notable results, indicating a significant interest and impact in the field. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: This study provides a detailed view of the trends and patterns in the research of dental caries and black stains. The findings can assist dental health professionals in better understanding the prevalence and impact of these conditions. Furthermore, it can guide future research and treatment strategies in this field. How to cite this article: Mayta-Tovalino F, Espinoza-Carhuancho F, Reyes-Carmona J, et al. Emergent Patterns, Collaborative Networks and Thematic Evolution on Black Stain and Dental Caries: A Scientometric Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2024;25(4):326-330.

The Conversion of UDP-Glc to UDP-Man: In Silico and Biochemical Exploration To Improve the Catalytic Efficiency of CDP-Tyvelose C2-Epimerases.

A promiscuous CDP-tyvelose 2-epimerase (TyvE) from Thermodesulfatator atlanticus (TaTyvE) belonging to the nucleotide sugar active short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase superfamily (NS-SDRs) was recently discovered. TaTyvE performs the slow conversion of NDP-glucose (NDP-Glc) to NDP-mannose (NDP-Man). Here, we present the sequence fingerprints that are indicative of the conversion of UDP-Glc to UDP-Man in TyvE-like enzymes based on the heptagonal box motifs. Our data-mining approach led to the identification of 11 additional TyvE-like enzymes for the conversion of UDP-Glc to UDP-Man. We characterized the top two wild-type candidates, which show a 15- and 20-fold improved catalytic efficiency, respectively, on UDP-Glc compared to TaTyvE. In addition, we present a quadruple variant of one of the identified enzymes with a 70-fold improved catalytic efficiency on UDP-Glc compared to TaTyvE. These findings could help the design of new nucleotide production pathways starting from a cheap sugar substrate like glucose or sucrose.

El embarazo en la adolescencia desde la perspectiva actual en COVID-19 / Pregnancy in adolescents seen from the current perspective of COVID-19

En el volumen 92, número 4 (2020) de la Revista Cubana de Pediatría, se publicó un artículo por Hevia y Perea, en el cual exponen sobre la problemática del embarazo adolescente y la importancia de su prevención por parte de las masas más jóvenes en el Caribe y Latinoamérica,1) sin embargo, nos gustaría complementar dicha información con un análisis sobre esta problemática desde una concepción temporal actual: la pandemia producida por la COVID-19. La enfermedad producida por el coronavirus (COVID-19), considerada pandemia por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), está resquebrajando la salud pública a nivel mundial. Al 7 de diciembre de 2020 ha afectado a más de 28 millones de personas y ha causado más de 750 mil muertes en la región de las Américas, considerada la zona más afectada por los efectos de la COVID-19(AU)

Índice basado en presiones atmosféricas para la detección de efectos de El Niño y la Oscilación del Sur frente a la costa peruana / Index based on atmospheric pressures for the detection of El Niño Southern Oscillation effects off the Peruvian coast

Se analizó el comportamiento de un índice basado en la diferencia de anomalías de presiones atmosféricas entre Darwin y Paita (IDP), como un indicador de los efectos de El Niño y La Niña frente a la costa peruana, en el Norte del Ecosistema de la Corriente de Humboldt (NECH). La variación temporal a escala mensual del IDP tuvo buena correlación (r = 0,68; p<0,01) con el Índice de Oscilación Sur (IOS). Se encontró la máxima correlación cruzada (r = 0,59; p < 0,01) entre el IDP y la AN3.4 con un retraso de -3, lo que permitiría usar el IDP para simular la AN3.4. El comportamiento del IDP obedece a una compleja interacción entre el sistema atmosférico de la región y del Pacifico ecuatorial central.

The behavior of an index based on the difference of atmospheric pressure between Darwin and Paita (IDP) was analyzed, as an indicator of the effects of El Niño and La Niña in the Northern Humboldt Current Ecosystem (NHCE). The temporal variation of IDP at monthly scale had a good correlation with the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI). Additionally, the maximum cross correlation between IDP and AN3.4 was found at a lag of -3, which could allow to use the IDP to simulate the AN3.4. The behavior of IDP obeys to the complex interaction between the atmospheric system of the region and the Equatorial Pacific.

Previsión de la temperatura superficial del mar frente a la costa peruanamediante un modelo autorregresivo integrado de media móvil / Forecast of sea surface temperature off the Peruvian coast using an autoregressive integrated moving average model

El evento El Niño conecta globalmente el clima, los ecosistemas y las actividades socioeconómicas. Desde 1980 se ha intentado predecir este evento, pero hasta la fecha los modelos estadísticos y dinámicos aún son insuficientes. Por tal motivo, el objetivo del presente trabajo fue explorar mediante un modelo autoregresivo integrado de media móvil el efecto de El Niño en la temperatura superficial del mar (TSM) frente a la costa peruana. El trabajo comprendió 5 etapas: identificación, estimación, verificación diagnóstica, previsión y validación. Se usaron las funciones de autocorrelación simple y parcial (FAC y FACP) para identificar y reformular los órdenes de parámetros en los modelos, así también los criterios de información de Akaike (AIC) y de Schwarz (SC) para la selección de modelos en la verificación diagnostica. Entre los principales resultados se propuso modelos ARIMA(12,0,11) que simularon condiciones mensuales similares a las observadas en el litoral peruano: condiciones frías a fines del 2004, y condiciones neutrales a inicios del 2005.

El Niño connects globally climate, ecosystems and socio-economic activities. Since 1980 this event has been tried to be predicted, but until now the statistical and dynamical models are insufficient. Thus, the objective of the present work was to explore using an autoregressive moving average model the effect of El Niño over the sea surface temperature (TSM) off the Peruvian coast. The work involved 5 stages: identification, estimation, diagnostic checking, forecasting and validation. Simple and partial autocorrelation functions (FAC and FACP) were used to identify and reformulate the orders of the model parameters, as well as Akaike information criterium (AIC) and Schwarz criterium (SC) for the selection of the best models during the diagnostic checking. Among the main results the models ARIMA(12,0,11) were proposed, which simulated monthly conditions in agreement with the observed conditions off the Peruvian coast: cold conditions at the end of 2004, and neutral conditions at the beginning of 2005.

Modelo empírico para previsión de la temperatura superficial del mar peruano / Empirical model for forecast the Peruvian sea surface temperature

En el presente trabajo se estudia un modelo empírico basado en el volumen de agua cálida en el Pacífico ecuatorial que se aplica para hacer previsiones de temperatura superficial del mar frente a Perú, lo cual sirve como una herramienta de alerta temprana de los efectos de El Niño. La relación del volumen de agua cálida con la profundidad de la isoterma de 20 °C es mayor en el Pacífico central en la latitud cero. Los cambios de este volumen afectan después varios meses la temperatura superficial del mar frente a Perú, particularmente cuando este volumen presenta anomalías positivas. El modelo logra estimar el momento en que se inicia el aumento de temperatura superficial del mar asociado a los efectos de El Niño en la Región Niño 1 costera, el momento de ocurrencia del pico de los eventos, y las tendencias a mediano plazo.

In the present work an empirical model based on the warm water volume in the Equatorial Pacific Ocean is studied as a tool to forecast variations of sea surface temperature off the coast of Perú, which will be useful as a tool for giving early warnings of El Niño effects. The relation between the warm water volume and the depth of the 20°C isotherm is greater in the Central Pacific along latitude 0°. Several months later the changes of this volume affect the sea surface temperature off Perú particularly when its anomalies are positive. The model estimates the time when sea surface temperature begins to rise associated with El Niño effects in the coastal Niño 1 Region, the time when the event peaks, and the medium term trends.