Performance of emergency mechanical ventilators in response to the covid-19 pandemic: an intercomparison study.

Emergency mechanical ventilators developed during the pandemic were used to meet the high demand in intensive care units to care for COVID-19 patients. An example of such ventilators is Masi, developed in Peru and installed in more than 15 hospitals around the country. This study aimed to compare Masi's performance with other emergency mechanical ventilators manufactured during the covid-19 pandemic such as Neyün, Spiro Wave and a prototype developed by the Faculty of Engineering of the National University of Asuncion (FIUNA). Three configurations of a test lung were used, combining different values of resistance and compliance (C1, C2 and C3). Ventilators were set to volume-controlled ventilation with tidal volume = 400 mL, respiratory rate = 12 breaths/minute, and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) = 8 cm H2O. These parameters were measured in a series of ten two-minute tests which then were evaluated through a two-way analysis of variance, considering the type of ventilator and test lung configuration as the two independent variables. For target values, MASI delivered VT that ranged from 319 to 432 ml (-20 to +8%), respiratory rate of 12 bpm, and PEEP from 8.4 to 9.5 cm H2O (+5 to +20%). In contrast, for instance, Neyün delivered VT that ranged from 199 to 543 ml (-50 to +35%) and PEEP from 7.05 to 9.21 cm H2O (--11 to +15%), with p<0.05. The analysis of variance showed that he differences between preset and delivered parameters were influenced by the type of ventilator and, significantly, by the test lung configuration.Clinical Relevance- This establishes the most advantageous conditions in which three emergency mechanical ventilators work and a quantitative perspective in this topic.

Manifestation of Kinetic Inductance in Terahertz Plasmon Resonances in Thin-Film Cd3As2.

Three-dimensional (3D) semimetals have been predicted and demonstrated to have a wide variety of interesting properties associated with their linear energy dispersion. In analogy to two-dimensional (2D) Dirac semimetals, such as graphene, Cd3As2 has shown ultrahigh mobility and large Fermi velocity and has been hypothesized to support plasmons at terahertz frequencies. In this work, we experimentally demonstrate synthesis of high-quality large-area Cd3As2 thin films through thermal evaporation as well as the experimental realization of plasmonic structures consisting of periodic arrays of Cd3As2 stripes. These arrays exhibit sharp resonances at terahertz frequencies with associated quality factors ( Q) as high as ∼3.7 (at 0.82 THz). Such spectrally narrow resonances can be understood on the basis of a long momentum scattering time, which in our films can approach ∼1 ps at room temperature. Moreover, we demonstrate an ultrafast tunable response through excitation of photoinduced carriers in optical pump/terahertz probe experiments. Our results evidence that the intrinsic 3D nature of Cd3As2 might provide for a very robust platform for terahertz plasmonic applications. Moreover, the long momentum scattering time as well as large kinetic inductance in Cd3As2 also holds enormous potential for the redesign of passive elements such as inductors and hence can have a profound impact in the field of RF integrated circuits.

Factores de riesgo a la ictericia neonatal en pacientes atendidos en el Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo durante el año 2012 / Risk factors for neonatal jaundice in patients treated at the National Hospital Dos de Mayo during the year 2012

OBJETIVO: Determinar los factores de riesgo relacionados a la ictericia neonatal en pacientes atendidos en el Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo durante el año 2012. METODOLOGIA: Estudio observacional, retrospectivo, transversal, de diseño caso-control, la muestra inicial fue de 180 pacientes, sin embargo se recopilo las historias clínicas de 190 pacientes neonatales, 95 de ellos presentaron ictericia. Para la relación de las variables y medidas de riesgo se usó la prueba Chi-cuadrado y Odds ratio con una significancia del 5 por ciento. RESULTADOS: Entre las características principales de los neonatos en estudio, el 55.3 por ciento fueron de sexo masculino, presentaron sospecha de ictericia en un tiempo menor a 24 horas (87.2 por ciento), un peso al nacer mayor a 2500 gramos (90.4 por ciento), una la edad gestacional por. Capurro mayor a 37 semanas (94.7 por ciento), con el tipo de sangre predominante O+ (66 por ciento), una puntuación APGAR al l' y 5' mayor a 8 en el 82.5 por ciento y 87.0 por ciento de los neonatos, respectivamente. La estancia hospitalaria fue menor a 6 días (77.7 por ciento); entre las características perinatales se observó una edad promedio del neonato al momento de su revisión de 15.1±9.4 horas, un peso promedio al nacer de 3216±545.6 gr. y al momento de alta de 3113±477.9 gr. La edad gestacional media por Capurro fue 39.1±1.3 semanas, una estancia hospitalaria media de 4.4±3.5 días y una talla media de 48.9±2.2 cm. Asimismo, solo el tipo de sangre y el tiempo de estancia hospitalaria fueron las únicas características que además de relacionarse (p<0.001) fueron factores protectores (OR: 0.11 y 0.15, respectivamente). Las principales características maternas de los neonatos con ictericia fueron: Edad entre 20 a 34 años (57.5 por ciento), estado civil conviviente (77.5 por ciento), con nivel de instrucción secundaria (77.5 por ciento), con EG mayor a 37 semanas (87.5 por ciento), antecedente de al menos un aborto (37.5 por ciento), tener al...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the risk factors related to neonatal jaundice in patients treated at the Dos de Mayo National Hospital in 2012. METHODOLOGY: Observational, retrospective, transversal study, case-control design. The initial sample was 180 patients, but the medical records of 190 neonatal patients were collected, 95 of them had jaundice. For the relationship of the variables and risk measures, the Chi-square test and Odds ratio were used with a significance of 5 per cent. RESULTS: The main neonatal characteristics observed were: newborns mostly male (55.3 per cent), with suspected of jaundice in less than 24 hours (87.2 per cent), birth weight higher of 2500 grams (90.4 per cent); gestational age by Capurro greater than 37 weeks (94.7 per cent), with predominant blood type O+ (66 per cent), Apgar at 1st min and 5th min greater than 8 was 85.1 per cent and 97.9 per cent respectively. The hospital stay was less than 6 days (77.7 per cent); the general characteristics of neonates allowed observing an average age of the neonate at the time of revision of 15.1±9.4 hours, an average birth weight of 3216±545.6 gr. and upon discharge of 3113±9.4 gr. The mean gestational age by Capurro was 39.1±1.3 weeks, an average hospital stay of 4.4±3.5 days and a mean height of 48.9±2.2cm.Likewise, only blood type and length of hospital stay were the only characteristics related (p<0.001) as well as being protective factors (OR: 0.11 and 0.15, respectively).The main maternal characteristics of neonates with jaundice were: age between 20 to 34 years (57.5 per cent), cohabiting marital status (77.5 per cent), secondary level education (77.5 per cent), gestational age greater than 37 weeks (87.5 per cent), history of at least one abortion (37.5 per cent) have at least one living birth (52.5 per cent), vaginal delivery (55 per cent), cephalic presentation at delivery (87.5 per cent), amniotic membranes integrity (82.5 per cent), administration of oxytocin (2.5 per cent) and...

Restitución física de las redes de agua potable y alcanbtarillado por medio de catastro de redes

Contenido: El objetivo del proyecto es el de plantear diversos sistemas de restitución y aplicar uno de ellos para el trabajo de restitución física, para actualizar las redes de agua potable y alcantarillado sanitario y pluvial, en ciudades que cuentan con estos servicios con una aplicación en la ciudad de La Paz. Utilizar metodologías de catastro de redes para la restitución física de redes.Formación de una base de datos, para despliegues de información estadística, histórica sobre las redes de agua potable y alcantarillado(estado de tuberías, colaectores, antiguedad, etc.)

Restitución física de las redes de agua potable y alcantarillado por medio de catastro de redes

El objetivo del proyecto es el de plantear diversos sistemas de restitución y aplicar uno de ellos para el trabajo de restitución física, para actualizar las redes de agua potable y alcantarillado sanitario y pluvial, en ciudades que cuentan con estos servicios con una aplicación en la ciudad de La Paz.Utilizar metodologías de catastro de redes para la restitución física de redes.Formación de una base de datos, para despliegues de información estadística, histórica sobre las redes de agua potable y alcantarillado (estado de tuberias).