Artificial intelligence in psychiatry research, diagnosis, and therapy.

Psychiatric disorders are now responsible for the largest proportion of the global burden of disease, and even more challenges have been seen during the COVID-19 pandemic. Artificial intelligence (AI) is commonly used to facilitate the early detection of disease, understand disease progression, and discover new treatments in the fields of both physical and mental health. The present review provides a broad overview of AI methodology and its applications in data acquisition and processing, feature extraction and characterization, psychiatric disorder classification, potential biomarker detection, real-time monitoring, and interventions in psychiatric disorders. We also comprehensively summarize AI applications with regard to the early warning, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of specific psychiatric disorders, including depression, schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, addiction, sleep disorders, and Alzheimer's disease. The advantages and disadvantages of AI in psychiatry are clarified. We foresee a new wave of research opportunities to facilitate and improve AI technology and its long-term implications in psychiatry during and after the COVID-19 era.

SSTR2 is a prognostic factor and a promising therapeutic target in glioma.

Gliomas are the most prevalent primary malignant central nervous system tumors among all tumors occurring in the brain and spinal cord. The poor outcome of glioma requires the discovery of novel biomarkers with potential therapeutic value. Somatostatin receptor subtype 2 (SSTR2) represents a diagnostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target in many cancers, such as meningioma and neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). However, the relationship of SSTR2 and glioma was unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the expression of SSTR2 and assess its prognostic and potential therapeutic value in a large cohort of patients with WHO grade I to IV glioma from a single Chinese center. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that SSTR2 was highly expressed in 23.84% (72 of 302) of glioma (I-IV grade) samples. Among all glioma subtypes, high SSTR2 expression was detected mainly in oligodendroglioma, anaplastic oligodendroglioma, and astrocytoma, whereas SSTR2 was expressed at a low level, or not at all, in glioblastoma. Western blotting also confirmed the low expression of SSTR2 in glioblastoma cell lines. Statistical analysis showed that SSTR2 protein expression correlated significantly with WHO grade, the location of the tumor, epilepsy syndrome, mitosis (PHH3), proliferation index (Ki-67), IDH and 1p/19q-codeleted status. Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that SSTR2 high expression was a good prognostic factor in glioma. In summary, this study demonstrated that SSTR2 might be a valuable prognostic factor and therapeutic target in certain glioma subtypes.

Effects of Temperature on Outpatient Visits for Urticaria among Lanzhou Residents Based on Distributed Lag Non-linear Model / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To evaluate the influence of temperature on the outpatient visits for urticaria in Lanzhou City and its hysteresis and to find out the sensitive populations by sex and age stratification.Methods We collected the urticaria outpatient data in three grade A class three hospitals as well as the meteorological data and air pollutant data in Lanzhou from January 2011 to December 2017.The distributed lag non-linear model(DLNM)was employed to analyze the influence of daily mean temperature on the outpatient visits for urticaria.Stratification analysis was performed for different age groups(0-14,15-59,≥60 years)and different sex populations.Results Temperature had a non-linear relationship with the outpatient visits for urticaria,and there existed hysteresis.During the research period,the average daily outpatient visits for urticaria at the three hospitals in Lanzhou was 25,ranging from 1 to 76.With the rise in the daily mean temperature within 0-10 ℃,the risk of outpatient visits for urticaria first increased and then decreased.When the daily mean temperature was 2 ℃,hysteresis occurred on the 18th day,and the relative risk(

Effects of Air Pollutants on Outpatient Visits for Atopic Dermatitis in Lanzhou / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To quantitatively evaluate the associations of PM

Effect of Gaseous Pollutant Concentration on the Number of Daily Outpatient Visits for Acne in Lanzhou / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To determine the relationship between air pollutants [SO

Application of intraoperative electrophysiological monitoring in vertebral canal decompression surgery for acute spinal cord injury.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the joint monitoring of somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) and motor evoked potentials (MEPs) in vertebral canal decompression surgery for acute spinal cord injury. METHODS: Twenty-four patients, who were admitted to the hospital for the surgical treatment of spinal cord injury with SEP and MEP monitoring, were assigned to the intraoperative monitoring group (group I). In addition, 24 patients who were admitted to the hospital for the surgical treatment of spinal cord injury without SEP or MEP monitoring were assigned to the control group (group C). RESULTS: In group I, there were significant changes before and after decompression surgery in the P40 latency and amplitude, and in the latency of MEP in the abductor hallucis brevis (AHB), in patients with improved spinal nerve function following surgery. In contrast, there were no significant differences in the P40 latency or amplitude, or the latency of MEP in the AHB, in patients who showed no improvement after surgery. CONCLUSION: In vertebral canal decompression surgery for acute spinal cord injury, the application of joint MEP and SEP monitoring can timely reflect changes in spinal cord function.

Value of the Barthel scale in prognostic prediction for patients with cerebral infarction.

BACKGROUND: This study aims to evaluate the ADL(activity of daily living) of patients with acute cerebral infarction through BI scoring, in order to observe its predictive value in the prognosis of these patients. METHODS: According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, patients with acute anterior circulation cerebral infarction were included in the present study. Then, the BI scoring was analyzed through five grades, in order to further investigate the dose-response relationship between BI scoring and mortality risk in patients with cerebral infarction. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for BI-scored patients were drawn, and the predictive authenticity of the Barthel scale in prognostic prediction for patients with cerebral infarction was estimated. RESULTS: The difference in BI scores between the survival group and death group were statistically significant (t = 10.029, P < 0.05), in which the score was lower in the death group than in the survival group. According to the linear trend ×2-test, the decrease in BI score indicates an increase in mortality risk in patients with cerebral infarction. The area under the curve (AUC) of the ROC curve was 0.794 with a P-value of < 0.05. CONCLUSION: BI scoring is a highly valuable scoring system for the prognostic prediction of patients with acute cerebral infarction.

A Prospective Study of Comparing the Application of Two Generation Scoring Systems in Patients with Acute Cerebral Infarction.

INTRODUCTION: This study aims to compare the value of acute physiologic and chronic health evaluation scoring systems (APACHE II and APACHE III) among patients with acute cerebral infarction. METHODS: The APACHE II and APACHE III scores were determined in 399 patients with acute cerebral infarction within 24 h of admission in order to investigate their predictive value for prognosis in acute cerebral infarction. The area under the ROC curve was used to measure the ability of two scoring systems in predicting the prognosis of patients, and the area under the curve of the two scoring systems was compared. RESULTS: The APACHE II and APACHE III scoring systems demonstrated good predictive value for prognosis in acute cerebral infarction, and the areas under the receiver operating characteristic were 0.808 and 0.818, respectively. There was no significant difference in the area under the curve between these two scoring systems. CONCLUSION: Both the APACHE II and APACHE III scoring systems had good predictive value for prognosis in acute cerebral infarction, and there was no obvious difference between these two systems. Preference was suggested for APACHE II.

Evaluation of the Application of APACHE II Combined With NIHSS Score in the Short-Term Prognosis of Acute Cerebral Hemorrhage Patient.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effects of combining Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Disease Classification System II (APACHE II) scores and the NIHSS score for short-term prognosis of cerebral hemorrhage patients. Methods: APACHE II and NIHSS scores were respectively carried out for 189 acute cerebral hemorrhage patients who were admitted to the hospital for 24 h, and the area under ROC curve was used to measure the ability of these score systems to forecast the prognosis, in order to find the best dividing value. The discriminant analysis method should be used to carry out a comprehensive analysis of these two score methods and establish the mathematical model to provide a reasonable basis for accurately mastering these illness conditions, and its prognosis. Results: The areas under the ROC curve of APACHE II and NIHSS scores in forecasting cerebral hemorrhage prognosis was 0.853 and 0.845, respectively, the dividing value was 15 and 17, respectively, and the forecasting accuracy was 77.2 and 79.9%, respectively; The forecasting accuracy of the combined discrimination model was 85.96%. Conclusion: APACHE II and NIHSS scores have good forecasting value to the short-term prognosis of acute cerebral hemorrhage patients, and the combination of these two can provide a higher forecasting value.

Application Values of Six Scoring Systems in the Prognosis of Stroke Patients.

Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE; II and III), Chinese Stroke Scale (CSS), National Institutes of Health Stroke Score (NIHSS), activities of daily living (ADL) (Barthel index, BI), and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores for stroke patients. Methods: A total of 352 stroke patients were evaluated using APACHE II, APACHE III, CSS, NIHSS, ADL, and GCS scores within 24 h after admission. And these patients were consecutive admissions to the hospital. The endpoint was in-hospital death. The scores of these scales were compared between the survival group and death group, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were drawn. The ability of each scoring system to predict the prognosis of patients was evaluated using the area under the ROC curve, and the areas under the curves (AUCs) of these six scales were compared. Results: The AUCs of the APACHE II, APACHE III, CSS, NIHSS, ADL, and GCS scores were 0.882, 0.867, 0.832, 0.859, 0.838, and 0.819, respectively. Conclusion: APACHE II, APACHE III, CSS, NIHSS, ADL, and GCS scores have good predictive values in the prognosis of stroke patients. APACHE II is superior among the other five scales.

Transferrin is responsible for mediating the effects of iron ions on the regulation of anterior pharynx-defective-1α/ß and Presenilin 1 expression via PGE2 and PGD2 at the early stage of Alzheimer's Disease.

Transferrin (Tf) is an important iron-binding protein postulated to play a key role in iron ion (Fe) absorption via the Tf receptor (TfR), which potentially contributes to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the role of Tf in AD remains unknown. Using mouse-derived neurons and APP/PS1 transgenic (Tg) mice as model systems, we firstly revealed the mechanisms of APH-1α/1ß and presenilin 1 (PS1) upregulation by Fe in prostaglandin (PG) E2- and PGD2-dependent mechanisms. Specifically, Fe stimulated the expression of mPGES-1 and the production of PGE2 and PGD2 via the Tf and TfR system. Highly accumulated PGE2 markedly induced the expression of anterior pharynx-defective-1α and -1ß (APH-1α/1ß) and PS1 via an EP receptor-dependent mechanism. In contrast, PGD2 suppressed the expression of APH-1α/1ß and PS1 via a prostaglandin D2 (DP) receptor-dependent mechanism. As the natural dehydrated product of PGD2, 15d-PGJ2 exerts inhibitory effects on the expression of APH-1α/1ß and PS1 in a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ-dependent manner. The expression of APH-1α/1ß and PS1 ultimately determined the production and deposition of ß-amyloid protein (Aß), an effect that potentially contributes to the pathogenesis of AD.

Predictive values of CSS and NIHSS in the prognosis of patients with acute cerebral infarction: A comparative analysis.

This study aims to investigate the predictive values of the Chinese Stroke Scale (CSS) and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) in the prognosis of patients with acute cerebral infarction.A total of 399 patients with acute cerebral infarction were assessed using CSS and NIHSS within 1 day after admission. Then, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were established, and the area under the curves of these 2 scoring systems was compared.The area under the curve of CSS and NIHSS was 0.796 and 0.794, respectively.CSS and NIHSS have good predictive values for the prognosis of patients with acute cerebral infarction.

Effects of microRNA-206 and its target gene IGF-1 on sevoflurane-induced activation of hippocampal astrocytes in aged rats through the PI3K/AKT/CREB signaling pathway.

The study aims to explore the effects of microRNA-206 (miR-206) targeting IGF-1 on the activation of hippocampal astrocytes in aged rats induced by sevoflurane through the PI3K/AKT/CREB signaling pathway. Wistar rats and astrocytes were divided into the normal/blank, sham/negative control (NC), sevoflurane (sevo), miR-206 mimics+sevo, miR-206 inhibitors+sevo, miR-206 NC+sevo, IGF-1 shRNA+sevo, and miR-206 inhibitors+IGF-1 shRNA+sevo groups. The Morris water maze test was exhibited to assess the cognitive functions. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression was detected by immunofluorescence assay. Western blotting and RT-qPCR were used to detect the expression of miR-206, IGF-1, PI3K, AKT, CREB, pPI3K, pAKT, pCREB, cytochrome-c (Cyt-c), and caspase-3. Cell viability and apoptosis were detected by MTT assay and annexin V/PI double staining respectively. Mitochondrial transmembrane potential (MTP) were determined by flow cytometry. The IGF-1 shRNA+sevo group showed reduced miR-206 expression. Compared with the normal/blank group, the sevo, and miR-206 NC+sevo groups showed decreased miR-206 and GFAP expressions, cell viability and MTP but increased expressions of IGF-1, PI3K, AKT, CREB, pPI3K, pAKT, pCREB, Cyt-c and caspase-3, as well as cell apoptosis. Similar trends were observed in the miR-206 inhibitors+sevo group when compared with the sevo group. The study provides evidence that miR-206 alleviates the inhibition of activation of hippocampal astrocytes in aged rats induced by sevoflurane by targeting IGT-1 through suppressing the PI3K/AKT/CREB signaling pathway.

Effects of daily average temperature on the daily number of outpatient visits for eczema in two third-grade class-A hospitals in Lanzhou city / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective To evaluate effects of the daily average temperature on the daily number of outpatient visits for eczema in Lanzhou city.Methods Clinical data were obtained from outpatients with eczema in the Department of Dermatology of 2 third-grade class-A hospitals in Lanzhou city from January 1st 2007 to December 31st 2015,and meteorological data during this period were also collected.Controlling for confounding factors like long-term trends and day of the week,a distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) fitted with quasi-Poisson link function was used to assess the effects of daily average temperature on the daily number of outpatient visits for eczema,and the analysis was stratified by season,age and gender.Results The exposure-response relationship between the daily average temperature and daily number of outpatient visits for eczema could be roughly described by a W-shaped curve.Stratification analysis showed that the effect of the daily average temperature on outpatient visits for eczema was strongest in autumn and winter,followed by summer,and weakest in spring.Low temperature may have lagged,cumulative and persistent effects on the daily number of outpatient visits for eczema,with the maximum relative risk (RR) value (1.12 [95％ CI:1.03-1.22]) observed at-9 ℃ on lag day 14.With a 1 ℃decrease in the temperature,16％ (RR =1.16,95％ CI:1.00-1.03),14％ (RR =1.14,95％ CI:1.02-1.26) and 13％ (RR =1.13,95％ CI:1.02-1.25) increases in the daily number of outpatient visits for eczema were observed in men,teenagers and middle-aged adults respectively (P ＜ 0.05).However,low temperature had no significant effects on outpatient visits for eczema among women or the elderly (P ＞0.05).The effect of high temperature usually occurred following exposure without lag periods,and was gradually weakened over lag time (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions In Lanzhou,the effect of daily average temperature on outpatient visits for eczema was strongest in autumn and winter.Changes of the daily temperature may be one of risk factors for eczema.Low temperature had lagged effects on the daily number of outpatient visits for eczema,and the effects were strongest on lag day 14.

Lag effect of daily average temperature on the occurrence of urticaria in Lanzhou city / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective To evaluate effects of daily average temperature on the occurrence of urticaria in Lanzhou city,and to analyze differences in the effects between different populations.Methods Time-series data on daily outpatient visits for urticaria between January 1,2007 and December 31,2013 were collected from the First Hospital of Lanzhou University and Lanzhou University Second Hospital.Daily meteorological data during this peroid were obtained from the Gansu Meteorological Bureau.Distributed lag non-linear models were used to analyze the association between daily average temperature and occurrence of urticaria,and the analysis was stratified by age and gender.Results The association between daily average temperature and daily number of outpatient visits for urticaria was nonlinear.Low temperature had significant lag effects on the daily number of outpatient visits for urticaria,with the maximum relative risk (RR) value (1.014 [95％ CI 1.000-1.023]) observed at 6 ℃ on lag day 18.Stratification analysis demonstrated that the effects of high temperature on the number of outpatient visits for urticaria were apparent on the day of exposure in age groups of 0-18 and 19-64 years,but decreased on the day of exposure in the age group ≥ 65 years.The effects of low temperature,which showed similar trends along with the increment of lag days in all groups,were relatively delayed and occurred 2 to 4 days after exposure.Conclusions Air temperature affects the occurrence of urticaria in Lanzhou city.Low temperature has evident lag effects on the occurrence of urticaria,while high temperature does not have.

Fumigaclavine I, a new alkaloid isolated from endophyte Aspergillus terreus / 中国天然药物

The present study was designed to isolate and purify chemical constituents from solid culture of endophyte Aspergillus terreus LQ, using silica gel column chromatography, gel filtration with Sephadex LH-20, and HPLC. Fumigaclavine I (1), a new alkaloid, was obtained, along with seven known compounds, including fumigaclavine C (2), rhizoctonic acid (3), monomethylsulochrin (4), chaetominine (5), spirotryprostatin A (6), asperfumoid (7), and lumichrome (8). The structure of compound 1 was elucidated by various spectroscopic analyses (UV, MS, 1D and 2D NMR). The in vitro cytotoxicity of compound 1 was determined by MTT assay in human hepatocarcinoma cell line SMMC-7721, showing weaker cytotoxicity, compared with cisplatin, a clinically used cancer chemotherapeutic agent.

Is hepatitis B virus transmitted via the male germ line? A seroepidemiological study in fetuses.

OBJECTIVES: To detect father-to-fetus transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in utero. METHODS: We conducted a study at the prenatal diagnosis center of Taizhou City. Fetuses with one or both parents carrying the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) were identified before genetic testing during the period 2008-2010. Intrauterine samples were obtained by amniocentesis or cordocentesis and tested for serological markers and by quantitative DNA assays. All neonates received combined hepatitis B immunoprophylaxis after delivery, and serological follow-up tests were performed at 1 year of age. RESULTS: Of the 407 couples enrolled in the study, HBV was carried by fathers only in 164, and none of their fetuses were found to be HBV DNA-positive in utero. All fetal serological markers were found to be of maternal but not paternal origin. The response rate to postnatal vaccination was 98.6%, and none of the children who failed immunoprophylaxis were the offspring of the HBV carrier fathers. CONCLUSIONS: The infection of fetuses with HBV from the spermatozoa of carrier fathers seems unlikely, especially in an area where pre-conception hepatitis B vaccination is routinely provided.

Does hepatitis B virus prenatal transmission result in postnatal immunoprophylaxis failure?

The objective of this work was to evaluate whether postnatal hepatitis B immunization failure in children is caused by prenatal infections. A prospective study was conducted from October 2006 to September 2008. Fetal samples from HBsAg-positive mothers were retrieved by either amniocentesis or cordocentesis (percutaneous umbilical blood sampling [PUBS]). Hepatitis B virus (HBV) serologic markers (HBVM) and quantitative HBV DNA assays were performed to assess prenatal infection. All neonates were given combined HBV immunoprophylaxis after delivery. The newborns were followed up with HBV serologic testing at 1 year old. For the 252 pregnant women recruited, 16 fetuses were found to be HBV DNA positive, with all HBV DNA levels under 10(4) copies/ml. HBsAg and HBV DNA detected in the uterus were uncommon and were expressed at low levels. In contract to the case with prenatal statuses, neonatal serologies were more similar to their mothers'. The response rate of vaccination was 95%. Six children for whom immunoprophylaxis failed were born to HBeAg-positive mothers with high HBV DNA levels (>10(8) copies/ml), but only one of them was found to be positive for intrauterine HBV DNA (8.5 × 10(2) copies/ml). The presence of intrauterine hepatitis B antigen and DNA does not indicate postnatal HBV infection and vaccination failure.

The study of efficiency and cost of research oriented CT system in Shanghai zone / 中国医疗器械杂志

The paper is about the study on efficiency and operation cost of 11 research oriented CT systems in Shanghai zone. The study result include the average volume, annual operation cost, cost per scan and break-even-point. It reveals that the research oriented CT system purchase price and operation cost is high. The suggestion is that the hospital should be cautious to select the research oriented CT system with consideration of clinical research demand to avoid unsuitable investment.

Cloning and sequence analysis of tumor-associated gene hMMTAG2 from human multiple myeloma cell line ARH-77.

In order to look for the tumor-associated genes from human multiple myeloma (MM), a cDNA library of human multiple myeloma cell line ARH-77 was constructed with eukaryote expression vector pcDNA3.1(+). The length of inserted fragments in library was 1.2 kb in average. All clones in cDNA library were transferred in situ to nylon membrane, which was divided into eight equal parts (A-H) and cultured in LB medium to set up gene pools. The plasmids in cDNA library and in gene pools were extracted and NIH/3T3 cells were transfected respectively. By G418 screening and colonies counting, gene pool A was chosen for the second cycle transfection. After several cycles, a clone, A62-17, was obtained, which had significant transforming ability. The length of this clone was 993 bp. The RACE technique was used for rapid amplification of A62-17 5'-end. The full length of this sequence has 1300 bp and was named as hMMTAG2 gene. hMMTAG2 consists of 8 exons and codes for a polypeptide of 263 amino acids (the accession number in GenBank: AY137773). It was located at chromosome 1q42.13. hMMTAG2 had same transforming activities in NIH/3T3 cells as the clone A62-17, and the number of transformant foci was 6 folds more than the blank vector pcDNA3.1(+). The analysis of bioinformatics revealed that hMMTAG2 had many phosphorylation sites for several protein kinases, N-myristoylation sites and nuclear localization signals, so it may be a signal molecule in the nucleus.