Encuesta poblacional sobre la prevalencia y los factores de riesgo de la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica en la provincia de Shanxi (China) / A population-based survey of the prevalence and risk factors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Shanxi Province, China

Antecedentes: La enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) es un trastorno respiratorio crónico frecuente que puede causar daños orgánicos e incluso la muerte. En este estudio se evalúan por primera vez la prevalencia y los factores de riesgo de la EPOC en la provincia de Shanxi (China).Métodos: En 2015 se realizó una encuesta poblacional basada en la población de la provincia de Shanxi (edad ≥ 20 años). La EPOC se diagnosticó según el patrón de la Iniciativa Global para la Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica (GOLD; 2017).Resultados: Se seleccionó a 5.636 participantes con resultados fiables después del uso de un broncodilatador. La prevalencia de EPOC determinada mediante espirometría en la población (edad ≥ 20 años) fue del 6,4% (IC del 95%, 5,8-7,1) y fue mayor en los hombres (9,7%; IC del 95%, 8,6-10,9) que en las mujeres (3,9%; IC del 95%, 3,2-4,6). El análisis de ajuste múltiple demostró que el sexo, la edad, la educación, el tabaquismo, la tos crónica durante la infancia (edad ≤ 14 años) y los antecedentes de enfermedades respiratorias de los padres de los participantes estaban relacionados con la prevalencia del riesgo de EPOC. En cambio, los antecedentes de neumonía o bronquitis durante la infancia, el índice de masa corporal, el uso de biomasa, la exposición prolongada a partículas PM 2,5 y los padres con antecedentes de enfermedades respiratorias no se relacionaron de forma significativa con la EPOC entre los residentes de las áreas rurales que convivían con fumadores.Conclusiones: Hemos identificado una elevada prevalencia de EPOC y sus determinantes en la provincia de Shanxi. La prevención de la EPOC y su detección precoz son prioridades de salud en esta provincia (AU)

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common chronic respiratory disease which can cause organ damage and even death. For the first time, the prevalence and risk factors of COPD in Shanxi Province (China) were evaluated in this study.Methods:A population-based survey was conducted in 2015 based on the Shanxi Province population (age ≥ 20). COPD was diagnosed according to the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) standard (2017).Results: A total of 5,636 participants with reliable post-bronchodilator results were selected. The prevalence of spirometry-defined COPD among the population (age ≥ 20) was 6.4% (95% CI 5.8-7.1) and was more prevalent in men (9.7%, 95% CI 8.6-10.9) than women (3.9%, 95% CI 3.2-4.6). The multivariate-adjusted analysis demonstrated that sex, age, education, smoking, chronic cough during childhood (age ≤ 14), and a family history of parents with respiratory diseases were related to the prevalence of COPD risk. On the contrary, among rural residents living with smokers, a history of pneumonia or bronchitis during childhood, BMI, use of biomass energy, prolonged exposure to particulate matter 2.5, and a family history of parents with respiratory diseases did not show a significant correlation to COPD.Conclusions: We have identified a high prevalence of COPD and its determinants in Shanxi province. The prevention of COPD and its early detection is a health priority in this province (AU)

Electrospun core-shell nanofibers with encapsulated enamel matrix derivative for guided periodontal tissue regeneration.

The osteogenic effect of a composite electrospun core-shell nanofiber membrane encapsulated with Emdogain® (EMD) was evaluated. The membrane was developed through coaxial electrospinning using polycaprolactone as the shell and polyethylene glycol as the core. The effects of the membrane on the osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) were examined using Alizarin Red S staining and qRT-PCR. Characterization of the nanofiber membrane demonstrated core-shell morphology with a mean diameter of ~1 µm. Examination of the release of fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated bovine serum albumin (FITC-BSA) from core-shell nanofibers over a 22-day period showed improved release profile of encapsulated proteins as compared to solid nanofibers. When cultured on EMD-containing core-shell nanofibers, PDLSCs showed significantly improved osteogenic differentiation with increased Alizarin Red S staining and enhanced osteogenic gene expression, namely OCN, RUNX2, ALP, and OPN. Core-shell nanofiber membranes may improve outcomes in periodontal regenerative therapy through simultaneous mechanical barrier and controlled drug delivery function.

Implementation of the IPACK (Infiltration between the Popliteal Artery and Capsule of the Knee) block into a multimodal analgesic pathway for total knee replacement / 대한마취과학회지

BACKGROUND: The Infiltration between the Popliteal Artery and Capsule of the Knee (IPACK) block is a new anesthesiologist- administered analgesic technique for controlling posterior knee pain that has not yet been well studied in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patients. We compared pain outcomes in TKA patients before and after implementation of the IPACK with the hypothesis that patients receiving IPACK blocks will report lower pain scores on postoperative day (POD) 0 than non-IPACK patients. METHODS: With Institutional Review Board approval, we retrospectively reviewed data for consecutive TKA patients by a single surgeon 4 months before (PRE) and after (POST) IPACK implementation. All TKA patients received adductor canal catheters and peri-operative multimodal analgesia. The primary outcome was pain on POD 0. Other outcomes were daily pain scores, opioid consumption, ambulation distance, length of stay, and adverse events within 30 days. RESULTS: Post-implementation, 48/50 (96%) of TKA patients received an IPACK block, and they were compared with 32 patients in the PRE group. On POD 0, the lowest pain score (median [10th–90th percentiles]) was significantly lower for the POST group compared to the PRE group (0 [0–4.3] vs. 2.5 [0–7]; P = 0.003). The highest patient-reported pain scores on any POD were similar between groups with no differences in other outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Within a multimodal analgesic protocol, addition of IPACK blocks decreased the lowest pain scores on POD 0. Although other outcomes were unchanged, there may be a role for new opioid-sparing analgesic techniques, and changing clinical practice change can occur rapidly.

Implementation of the IPACK (Infiltration between the Popliteal Artery and Capsule of the Knee) block into a multimodal analgesic pathway for total knee replacement / 대한마취과학회지

BACKGROUND@#The Infiltration between the Popliteal Artery and Capsule of the Knee (IPACK) block is a new anesthesiologist- administered analgesic technique for controlling posterior knee pain that has not yet been well studied in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patients. We compared pain outcomes in TKA patients before and after implementation of the IPACK with the hypothesis that patients receiving IPACK blocks will report lower pain scores on postoperative day (POD) 0 than non-IPACK patients.@*METHODS@#With Institutional Review Board approval, we retrospectively reviewed data for consecutive TKA patients by a single surgeon 4 months before (PRE) and after (POST) IPACK implementation. All TKA patients received adductor canal catheters and peri-operative multimodal analgesia. The primary outcome was pain on POD 0. Other outcomes were daily pain scores, opioid consumption, ambulation distance, length of stay, and adverse events within 30 days.@*RESULTS@#Post-implementation, 48/50 (96%) of TKA patients received an IPACK block, and they were compared with 32 patients in the PRE group. On POD 0, the lowest pain score (median [10th–90th percentiles]) was significantly lower for the POST group compared to the PRE group (0 [0–4.3] vs. 2.5 [0–7]; P = 0.003). The highest patient-reported pain scores on any POD were similar between groups with no differences in other outcomes.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Within a multimodal analgesic protocol, addition of IPACK blocks decreased the lowest pain scores on POD 0. Although other outcomes were unchanged, there may be a role for new opioid-sparing analgesic techniques, and changing clinical practice change can occur rapidly.

Healthy ageing - adults with intellectual disabilities: ageing and social policy

It presents information on barriers and goals related to ageing and social policy, health and social systems, access to health services, social contexts, training and education, and research and evaluation. Document in pdf format; Acrobat Reader required.