[Physical activity and training against obesity]. / Testmozgással és edzéssel a túlsúly ellen.

A short review deals with the role of physical activity in the prevention and treatment of obesity, in order to avoid cardio-metabolic consequences of accumulation of the fat. Community-level interventions are necessary, based on estimations of the physical activity. Mechanisms and effects of the proper training on the body fat and muscle are summarized, and practical advices are presented for implementation of the regular physical activity.

[Master sportsmen. Health status and life expectancies of physically active elderly]. / Veterán sportolók. Az idôs, fizikailag aktív emberek egészsége és életkilátásaik.

People with higher fitness and higher aerobic capacity have longer life expectancies compared to inactive people. Longer and better life can result from some genetic factors, as well as from higher physical capacities acquired during younger years. However, there are several studies proving the definitive role of life-long physical activity, too, which can be engaged in at any age. Even at very old ages, regular physical activity results in a lot of benefits, in high quality of life, in independence and longevity.

[Physical exercise, oxidative stress and damage]. / Fizikai terhelés es oxidatív károsodás.

Physical activities (aerobic, anaerobic and resistance exercises) evoke an increased production of high oxidative substances, depending mainly on the intensity of the muscle actions. Antioxidants in the muscle and blood represent the first line of defense, but an oxidative stress activates the scavenger enzyme systems. If the stress is too high, structural modifications, "damage" of lipids, proteins and nucleic acids is a consequence. Markers of this oxidative damage can be recognized for a few days. Oxidative stress certainly have a role in the physiological adaptation to the physical activity. Moderate intensity (less than 50-60% of the aerobic capacity or of the maximal muscle tension) exercises exert low stress without oxidative damage impulse in the normally nourished subjects. Regular training and "normal" diet results a proper defense against excess oxidative stress. Monitoring of the oxidative stress or/and damage is not jet a tool in the training praxis in spite of the obvious advantages and of the existence of certain noninvasive methods. Data reinforce the necessity of regular exercise with moderate intensity in the primary prevention and in the rehabilitation of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases.

[Vascular effects of physical activity]. / A fizikai aktivitás erhatásai.

Regular physical activity decelerates the aging processes of the arterial wall and of the endothelial functions, which is denoted with slackening of the propagation velocity of the pulse wave or by echo checking of the postischemic dilatation of the limb vessels. Of the factors evoking, organizing and executing the dilation and constriction of the arteries, the role of the endothelial nitrogen oxide, of the angiogenesis, and of the balance of the hemostasis seems to be the most important and best recognized. Even few months of training program improves the endothelial functions if the amount and the intensity suits to the recommended in cardiovascular diseases. Physical training is a very effective course for prevention and rehabilitation in various conditions incidental to endothelial dysfunction. Damaged endothelial function predisposes to local thrombotic events. Thrombogenic prevalence can be normalized by physical activity at many steps of the hemostasis: activated fibrinolysis, more favorable blood viscosity, lower plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) level, decreased platelet activity.