Modern understanding of intussusception and recent trends in management / A gyermekkori invaginatio modern értelmezése és kezelése

Intussusception is one of the most common abdominal emergencies in children. The understanding of its aetiology and management has changed significantly over the last decades. Earlier, the hypertrophic Peyer's patches and polyps were considered responsible, but with the knowledge obtained from the lipopolysaccharide-induced animal model of intussusception, the rotavirus vaccination, the seasonality and the postnatal changes of the enteric nervous system it became clear that the intestinal motility plays a key role in the aetiology. The efficacy of non-operative management is continuously improving. The radiologists initially moved from the hydrostatic X-ray-controlled reduction towards the air enema (pneumatic reduction), however, nowadays, there is a shift back to hydrostatic procedures but under ultrasound guidance to reduce radiation exposure. In many institutions, intussusception is managed as day-case rather than as an inpatient case. The role of medications like glucagon and cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors used during reduction manoeuvres and prevention of recurrence is still controversial. Surgical management is shifting towards laparoscopy. The authors herein reviewed the current literature to present recent insights into understanding the pathogenesis and management updates. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(32): 1331-1338.

[Is premature induced labour justified in case of fetal urinary tract dilatation?]. / Indokolt-e a szülés elorehozása magzati veseüregi tágulat miatt?

UNLABELLED: There is a decreasing trend in the number of intrauterine interventions performed due to urinary tract dilatations of the foetus diagnosed ultrasonographically. This is due to the low efficacy of the interventions, the high rate of complications and a better knowledge of the foetal physiology. However, the demand for early corrective surgery is still present. In Hungary pre-term caesarean section is performed in many institutions in order to enable the operation of the neonate, despite the fact that the benefits of this intervention have not been established. AIM: In order to test the correctness of this practice, the authors conducted a retrospective analysis of the patients of two large case-volume paediatric institutions. PATIENTS: In a period of 5 years, 329 neonates were followed due to intrauterine diagnosis of urinary tract dilatations (197 at the Department of Urology, Heim Pál Children's Hospital in Budapest, whereas in Miskolc 132), including 13 cases where the urological anomaly was the indication for pre-term induction of labour. RESULTS: Of the 13 neonates who had been delivered prematurely, none were operated before the postconceptional age of 40 weeks, and 3 subsequently required no surgical intervention. Two neonates developed life-threatening conditions that presumably could have been avoided without the premature caesarean section. CONCLUSIONS: The authors conclude that there are several arguments against pre-term delivery: 1. Prenatal diagnostics does not always yield as accurate information as the diagnostic procedures performed in infancy; 2. Intrauterine urinary tract dilatation often resolve spontaneously, superseding the need for both pre- and post-natal surgical interventions. 3. Scientific observations have confirmed that there is no difference between the efficacy of postnatal and pre-term interventions. Based on the above-mentioned, authors emphasize that this outdated practice can no longer be accepted, and call for good cooperation between the obstetrician, the paediatric urologist and nephrologist, to coordinate the management of the case.