The Role of Gut Microbiome in the Pathogenesis and the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, is a chronic condition characterized by inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. Its exact cause is unknown, but it's thought to result from a dysregulated immune response influenced by various factors, including changes in the intestinal microbiota, diet, lifestyle, and genetics. The gut microbiome, consisting of diverse microorganisms, plays a crucial role in maintaining physiological balance, with its disruption leading to inflammatory responses typical of IBD. Treatments primarily aim at symptom control, employing immunomodulators, corticosteroids, and newer approaches like probiotics, prebiotics, fecal transplants, and dietary modifications, all focusing on leveraging the microbiota's potential in disease management. These strategies aim to restore the delicate balance of the gut microbiome, typically altered in IBD, marked by a decrease in beneficial bacteria and an increase in harmful pathogens. This review underscores the importance of the gut microbiome in the pathogenesis and treatment of IBD, highlighting the shift towards personalized medicine and the necessity for further research in understanding the complex interactions between the gut microbiota, immune system, and genetics in IBD. It points to the potential of emerging treatments and the importance of a multifaceted approach in managing this complex and challenging disease.

Uso de la Escala Clínica de Infección Pulmonar para valorar pacientes con ventilación mecánica asistida / Use of the Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score to patients with mechanical ventilation

AbstractIntroduction: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a lung infection that occurs 48 hours or more after endotracheal intubation in patients undergoing mechanical ventilation.Objective: To use the Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score (CPIS) in order to identify the presence of VAP in patients with endotracheal intubation.Methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional study, which included 53 patients with mechanical ventilation, out of which only 11 met the selection criteria. Patients were assessed with the CPIS, as well as with their results of blood count, chest X-ray, and culture of endotracheal aspirates.Results: 81.9% were male, with a mean age of 65.09 ± 13.4 years, weight 75.7 ± 13.5 kg, height 1.61 ± 0.21 cm. The main cause of mechanical ventilation was neurological in 36.4%, and pulmonary in 27.3%. Of all the microorganisms isolated, the one with the highest estimated rate was Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Enterobacter cloacae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed drug resistance to all antibiotics.Conclusion: The use of the scale for evaluating patients with mechanical ventilation helps to identify the presence of ventilator-associated pneumonia.

Evaluación del desempeño basado en competencias al profesional de enfermeras / Evaluation of competency-based desemeño to the nurse professional / Avaliação do desempeño baseado em competências para o profissional de enfermagem

Introducción.- Las instituciones de salud han adoptado métodos definidos para evaluar el desempeño del personal, en forma sistemática, para conocer el rendimiento del personal de la salud. Dentro del grupo multidisciplinario de salud que se evalúa esta el profesional de Enfermería, donde se implementan sistemas de evaluación que no son acorde con sus actividades, por ello el objetivo de la investigación fue evaluar el desempeño y el nivel de competencias del profesional de Enfermería. Metodología.- Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, prolectivo, descriptivo, con una muestra de 200 enfermeras del Hospital 1° de Octubre del ISSSTE. El muestreo fue probabilístico aleatorio simple, la variable dependiente es desempeño y las independientes son competencias centrales y auxiliares, para la recolección de datos se utilizó un instrumento basado en el modelo de competencias de la O.P.S, (modificado) la validación fue por jueceo de expertos de E.N.E.O. y una confiabilidad de Alfa de Cronbach con un 0.94. El análisis estadístico fue con r Pearson y t Student con el programa SSPS. Resultados.- El personal evaluado obtuvo una media de edad de 35 años, en la escolaridad predominó el nivel técnico. De los tres niveles de competencias se encontró un 27% en el nivel 3 pasa de los requisitos y en el nivel 2 cumple con los requisitos se obtuvo 61%, que fue el mayor porcentaje. En relación a las competencias centrales se observó en la áreas pediátricas una diferencia significativa de p=0.001, en comparación con las demás áreas, en las competencias auxiliares con el nivel máximo de estudios, el nivel pos técnico presentó una diferencia significativa de p=0.003. Existe una relación significativa entre las competencias centrales (comportamientos, actitudes y valores) y la auxiliares (conocimientos, capacidades y habilidades) de rp=0.705 y insignificancia de 0.000. Conclusiones.- Los hallazgos de la presente investigación reflejaron que el personal evaluado no solo es competente, sino que además cuentan con un desempeño en los niveles óptimo y superior.

Introduction.- Health institutions have adopted defined methods to evaluate the performance of the personnel, in a systematic way, to know the performance of health personnel. Within the multidisciplinary group of Health that is evaluated is the Nursing professional, where they are implemented assessment systems that are not in accordance with their activities, therefore the The objective of the research was to evaluate the performance and the level of competences of the nursing professional. Methodology.- A quantitative, prolective, descriptive study was carried out, with a sample of 200 nurses from Hospital 1 de Octubre of the ISSSTE. He sampling was simple random probabilistic, the dependent variable is performance and the independent ones are central and auxiliary competences, the data collection was used an instrument based on the model of competences of the O.P.S, (modified) the validation was by judge of Experts from E.N.E.O. and a reliability of Cronbach's Alpha with a 0.94. He Statistical analysis was with Pearson r and Student t with the SSPS program. Results.- The personnel evaluated obtained an average age of 35 years, in schooling dominated the technical level. Of the three levels of competencies 27% was found in level 3 passes the requirements and in level 2 meets with the requirements, 61% was obtained, which was the highest percentage. Regarding the core competencies was observed in the pediatric areas a difference significance of p = 0.001, compared to the other areas, in the auxiliary competences with the maximum level of studies, the post-technical level presented a significant difference of p = 0.003. There is a relationship significant among the core competencies (behaviors, attitudes and values) and the auxiliaries (knowledge, skills and abilities) of rp = 0.705 and significance of 0.000. Conclusions.- The findings of the present investigation reflected that the The staff evaluated is not only competent, but also has a performance at the optimal and superior levels.

Introdução.- Instituições de saúde adotaram métodos definidos avaliar o desempenho do pessoal, de maneira sistemática, para conhecer o desempenho do pessoal de saúde. Dentro do grupo multidisciplinar de A saúde que é avaliada é o profissional de Enfermagem, onde são implementados sistemas de avaliação que não estão de acordo com suas atividades, portanto a O objetivo da pesquisa foi avaliar o desempenho e o nível de competências do profissional de enfermagem. Metodologia.- Foi realizado um estudo descritivo, quantitativo, proletário, com uma amostra de 200 enfermeiros do Hospital 1 de Octubre do ISSSTE. O amostragem foi probabilística aleatória simples, a variável dependente é desempenho e os independentes são competências centrais e auxiliares, a coleta de dados foi utilizada um instrumento baseado no modelo de competências do O.P.S, (modificado) a validação foi por juiz de Especialistas da E.N.E.O. e uma confiabilidade do Alpha de Cronbach com um valor de 0,94. O A análise estatística foi com Pearson e Student t com o programa SSPS. Resultados.- O pessoal avaliado obteve uma média de idade de 35 anos, em escolaridade dominou o nível técnico. Dos três níveis de competências 27% foi encontrado no nível 3 passa nos requisitos e no nível 2 cumpre com as exigências, obteve-se 61%, que foi o maior percentual. Em relação ao as competências essenciais foram observadas nas áreas pediátricas uma diferença significância de p = 0,001, comparada às demais áreas, no competências auxiliares com o nível máximo de estudos, o nível pós-técnico apresentou diferença significativa de p = 0,003. Existe um relacionamento significativas entre as competências essenciais (comportamentos, atitudes e valores) e os auxiliares (conhecimentos, habilidades e habilidades) de rp = 0,705 e significância de 0,000. Conclusões.- Os resultados da presente investigação refletiram que o O pessoal avaliado não é apenas competente, mas também tem desempenho nos níveis ótimo e superior.