[Improvement in diurnal oral ingestion in the malnourished newborn infant induced by the administration of nocturnal enteral nutrition]. / Mejoría de la ingestión oral diurna en el lactante desnutrido inducida por la administración de nutrición enteral nocturna.

The purpose of this study was evaluate the impact of nocturnal nasogastric tube feeding on diurnal caloric intake in children with severe energy protein-calorie malnutrition. Sixteen infants admitted to the Pediatric Nutrition Department with severe malnutrition were randomly assigned into groups: eight children in group A and eight in group B. Infants in both groups received 100% of their caloric requirements by oral feeding ad libitum. An additional 30% caloric charge was given to patients in group A by nocturnal nasogastric tube feeding. At admission and at their 7th day, weight, height, arm circumference, triceps and subscapular skinfold thickness were recorded. Weight for age, weight for height, height for age and upper arm muscle circumference were estimated. Every meal was weighted and measured before and after being eaten in order to calculate the child caloric intake using food composition tables. There were no statistically differences in all parameters between groups at admission. At discharge significant differences on caloric intake were found (179.7 +/- 75.34 kcal vs. 98.38 +/- 37.73 kcal; p 0.02). This findings suggest that nocturnal support with an extra caloric supply over the normal requirements for age improve the diurnal caloric intake of children with severe protein energy malnutrition.

[An evaluation of a symposium via satellite on alcoholism and drug dependence]. / Evaluación de un simposio vía satélite sobre alcoholismo y farmacodependencia.

Results of a test given to participants in a symposium on alcoholism and drug abuse are presented. The symposium was broadcast via satellite simultaneously to five cities in Mexico, and included 8 pretaped panels covering topics on alcoholism and drug abuse. The methodology used for broadcasting the symposium allowed the interactive exchange of information between expert lecturers and participants. The quantitative and qualitative evaluation used the pretest-posttest design. Most of the participants were physicians (28.9%) followed by psychologists (25.7%) and social workers (18.1%). The global cognitive change among participants was 6 per cent. Almost 77 per cent of participants had scores between 51 and 70 points (over a possible maximum score of 100) in the pre-evaluation test, and 76.4 per cent had scores between 61 and 80 points in the postevaluation test. Health professionals with 1-3 years of experience had the largest change in scores (9%), followed by those with 3 to 5 years experience (8%). Professionals with 5 to 10 years of experience had a change of 5 per cent. Physicians showed the greatest cognitive change (7%) followed by psychologists and social workers with 5 per cent change. In the qualitative evaluation, 87.6 per cent of participants thought that the educational method used was "Excellent" of "Good". With respect to the satellite transmission, 79.4 per cent of participants thought it was "Excellent" or "Good". It is concluded that this type of educational events are useful in reaching health professionals who otherwise would not have access to specialized and updated information.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)