Lunate and perilunate dislocations in professional football players. A five-year retrospective analysis.

The purpose of this retrospective study was to review the treatment and prognosis of lunate and perilunate carpal dislocations in professional football players in the National Football League over a 5-year period. There were 7 lunate and 3 perilunate dislocations in 10 players. The mechanism of injury was hyperextension in 9 of 10 players. Five players were subsequently treated by closed reduction and percutaneous pinning; the others were treated by open reduction and K-wire fixation. No player was treated by cast immobilization alone. Intraoperative techniques, postoperative immobilization and protection, return to play, final follow-up physical examination, radiographic evaluation, and complications were reviewed. Results of this study clearly demonstrate that lunate and perilunate carpal dislocations do not mean the end of a career in professional football, although a minimum of 4 weeks of playing time is lost. Treatments varied with respect to open or closed reductions, placement of pins, casts, and time of immobilization. None of the variations was clearly superior or detrimental, although four of the five players who returned to play in the same season were treated by closed reduction with percutaneous pinning.

Comparison of arthroscopic and open reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament. Early results.

The purpose of this study was to determine in a prospective, randomized, blinded design whether arthroscopically assisted anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction offered any significant immediate or short-term advantages over traditional open reconstruction through a limited arthrotomy. Patients with a diagnosis of deficiency of the anterior cruciate ligament were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups: the open group (limited open reconstruction) or the arthroscopic group (fully arthroscopic reconstruction). Postoperatively, both groups were treated identically. Intra- and postoperative observations included length of surgery, duration of hospitalization, and amount of pain medication. Follow-up evaluations were performed at 1, 6, 12, 16, 20, and 24 weeks to record crepitus, swelling, range of motion, ligament laxity, and thigh atrophy. Lysholm scores were obtained at the 16 and 24 week follow-ups. At 24 weeks, 86% of the open group and 89% of the arthroscopic group had good-to-excellent results. Intraoperative, postoperative, and follow-up findings indicated no statistically significant differences or relationships between the two groups in any of the variables measured, except that operative time was 13 minutes longer in the arthroscopic group (P < 0.001). The results do not substantiate a clinical advantage for either technique.

Patterns of psychological type among health care executives.

The results described in this article represent a first comprehensive description of the psychological types of health care executives. The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), an instrument that assesses an individual's psychological preferences along extraversion/introversion, sensing/intuition, thinking/feeling, and judging/perceiving dimensions, was administered to a nationwide sample of active American College of Healthcare Executives affiliated Fellows, Members, and Nominees. The psychological preferences among these affiliates are described and compared to general business management norms. Similar to what is observed in the general business sector, the most frequently occurring psychological type seen among health executives was thinking-judging. Unlike their general business counterparts, health care executives were observed to be significantly more thinking and less feeling in their psychological orientation. Health care executives working in for-profit settings revealed a greater preference for intuition than those in not-for-profit settings, who indicated a preference for sensing. Further examinations are made by membership status and gender.