RESUMO
In mid-2014, Public Health Ontario Laboratories identified coincident increasing Mycobacterium avium isolation and falling M. xenopi isolation in the Toronto, Ontario, Canada, area. We performed a retrospective cohort of all patients in a Toronto clinic who began treatment for either M. avium or M. xenopi pulmonary disease during 2009-2012 (early period) or 2015-2018 (late period), studying their relative proportions and sputum culture conversion. We conducted a subgroup analysis among patients who lived in the Toronto-York region. The proportion of patients with M. avium was higher in the late period (138/146 [94.5%] vs. 82/106 [77.4%]; p<0.001). Among M. avium patients, conversion was lower in the late period (26.1% vs. 39.0%; p = 0.05). The increase in the proportion of patients with M. avium pulmonary disease and the reduction in the frequency of sputum culture conversion is unexplained but could suggest an increase in environmental M. avium exposure.
Assuntos
Pneumopatias , Infecções por Mycobacterium não Tuberculosas , Infecção por Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare , Humanos , Pneumopatias/diagnóstico , Pneumopatias/epidemiologia , Pneumopatias/microbiologia , Infecções por Mycobacterium não Tuberculosas/microbiologia , Mycobacterium avium , Complexo Mycobacterium avium , Infecção por Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare/diagnóstico , Infecção por Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare/epidemiologia , Infecção por Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare/microbiologia , Micobactérias não Tuberculosas , Ontário/epidemiologia , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
PURPOSE: Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis is a serious complication of nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD), and diagnosis remains challenging. The present study examined associations between the respiratory isolation of Aspergillus and the clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of patients with NTM-PD. METHODS: All patients meeting NTM-PD criteria as defined by the ATS/IDSA statement, with at least one respiratory sample cultured for fungi, were included in this retrospective cohort analysis. Patients with at least one respiratory sample isolating Aspergillus were compared to patients who did not isolate Aspergillus. The primary outcomes were culture conversion and radiologic evolution 12 months after NTM-PD treatment initiation. RESULTS: During a 12 year period, 497 patients meeting the inclusion criteria were seen in our tertiary care center, of whom 130 grew Aspergillus. Median follow up after NTM-PD diagnosis was 46 months. Inhaled corticosteroid use, a nodular-bronchiectatic CT pattern and NTM-PD treatment initiation were more frequent in patients who isolated Aspergillus compared to those who did not (p-value respectively 0.01, 0.03 and < 0.001). Rates of culture conversion (63.0% vs. 62.2%, respectively; p-value 1) and radiologic evolution (improvement or stability in 69.7% vs. 77.2%, respectively; p-value 0.25) were not significantly different between treatment groups. Likewise, culture reversion rate and 5-year mortality were not significantly different. Additionally, A. fumigatus and repeated detection of Aspergillus were not associated with treatment outcomes. CONCLUSION: There was no association between respiratory isolation of Aspergillus and NTM-PD treatment outcomes in this cohort. However, treatment for NTM-PD was initiated more frequently in patients who isolated Aspergillus.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Aspergillus/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Mycobacterium não Tuberculosas/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Mycobacterium não Tuberculosas/microbiologia , Aspergilose Pulmonar/microbiologia , Administração por Inalação , Corticosteroides/administração & dosagem , Adulto , Idoso , Doença Crônica , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infecções por Mycobacterium não Tuberculosas/complicações , Aspergilose Pulmonar/complicações , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Pulmonary Mycobacterium abscessus infection in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients is difficult to treat and considered a contra-indication for lung transplantation in most centers. We present four CF patients with chronic pulmonary M abscessus infection, in whom lung transplantation was performed. Through intensive treatment before transplantation, we achieved control of the infection in all but one patient. After a mean of 16 months of follow up, 3 patients are doing well, without evidence of local or disseminated recurrence. One patient died early post-transplant due to an unrelated cause. These findings support the possibility of lung transplantation with favorable outcome in CF patients with M abscessus infection.