MRP2 (ABCC2, cMOAT) expression in nuclear envelope of primary fallopian tube cancer cells is a new unfavorable prognostic factor.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prognostic value of the immunohistochemical evaluation of the multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) expression, together with its subcellular localization in primary fallopian tube carcinomas (PFTCs). METHODS: The immunohistochemical analysis was performed using samples originating from 70 patients with PFTCs. RESULTS: (1) We documented that MRP2 can be localized in the plasma membrane (MRP2c), as well as in the nuclear envelope (MRP2n) of the PFTC cells. (2) Patients with more advanced stage, with progression of the disease and patients who died, showed significantly higher expression of the MRP2n. (3) Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that MRP2n is an unfavorable prognostic factor in PFTCs. (4) The analysis of the classic clinicopathological data revealed that only the FIGO stage had prognostic value, both in the univariate, as well as in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: (1) This study suggests that MRP2n is a new disadvantageous prognostic factor in PFTCs and (2) that expression in nuclear envelope can be associated with lower differentiation of cancer cells and their resistance to the cisplatin. (3) We have also confirmed independent prognostic value of FIGO stage in PFTCs.

The association between the p53/topoisomerase I and p53/ topoisomerase IIalpha immunophenotypes and the progression of ovarian carcinomas.

BACKGROUND: In in vitro studies it has been revealed that p53 protein expression might regulate topoisomerase I (topo I) and topoisomerase IIalpha (topo IIalpha) levels in tumor cells. So far, the association between the p53 protein and topo I and topo IIalpha expression and its impact on ovarian carcinoma progression has not been analyzed. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to examine the association between topo I and topo IIalpha expression and p53 protein overexpression with respect to the morphological features and progressive growth of ovarian tumors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The expression of the studied biomarkers was estimated by immunohistochemical staining in tumor sections from 136 malignant and 30 benign ovarian neoplasms. RESULTS: Significant differences for topo I, topo IIalpha and p53 expression between malignant and benign tumors were observed (p < 0.01). The expression of topo IIalpha and p53 protein was associated with advanced stages of ovarian carcinomas (p < 0.01). Differences between topo I-positive cases and low (G1) and high (G3) tumor grade had only borderline significance (p = 0.07). In ovarian carcinomas, positive correlations between topo I and topo IIalpha, topo I and p53 and topo Ilalpha and p53 protein expression were revealed (p = 0.001). No relationship between the studied biomarkers was found in benign ovarian tumors (p > 0.05). p53/topo I and p53/topo IIalpha immunophenotypes were associated with advanced stages of ovarian carcinoma (p = 0.045 and p = 0.009, respectively), p53/topo IIalpha positive ovarian carcinomas were more frequently observed in high than in low tumor grades and the differences were only of borderline significance (p = 0.07). CONCLUSIONS: Current findings suggest that on the one hand, cooperation between topo I, topo IIalpha and p53 protein participates in the progressive growth of ovarian tumors. On the other hand, simultaneous expression of the studied proteins identifies the subgroup of ovarian cancers with aggressive biological features which might be considered in therapy.

The effect of smoking on expression of IL-6 and antioxidants in pancreatic fluids and tissues in patients with chronic pancreatitis.

OBJECTIVES: The present study was conducted to ascertain whether cigarette smoke induces oxidative stress in the human pancreas concurrently with inflammation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The influence of tobacco smoking on the serum level of interleukin-6 (IL-6), on the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn SOD) as well as on the metallothionein (MT) level in the pancreatic pseudocyst fluid and its immunohistochemical localization in tissues of non-smoking (n = 9) and smoking (n = 12) patients with diagnosed chronic pancreatitis (CP) was measured. The concentration of interleukin-6 and metallothionein was determined by means of ELISA and the radioisotopic method, respectively. The enzyme activities in the fluid were assayed by the colorimetric method. Samples of tissues of normal pancreas (n = 4) and CP (non-smoking n = 7; smoking n = 12) were verified histopathologically and then IL-6, MT and enzymes were localized by immunohistochemical staining using the monoclonal anti-human antibody. RESULTS: The concentrations of metallothionein and interleukin-6 were significantly higher in smoking patients with CP (as compared with the non-smoking population (p < 0.01; p < 0.001). Interestingly, the ratio of MT/IL-6 in smoking patients with CP was reduced in comparison to non-smoking patients (respectively: 1.1; 5.6). In smoking patients, a significant elevation of the Cu/Zn SOD and GPx activities was revealed as compared with the non-smokers (p < 0.04; p < 0.0007). These studies clearly demonstrate a moderate and strong expression of IL-6 and enzymes in acinar, islet and duct cells of smoking patients. CONCLUSIONS: These observations favor the role of the oxidative stress in the induction of pancreatitis associated with chronic cigarette smoke inhalation.

Expression of MMP-2, TIMP-2, TGF-ß1, and decorin in Dupuytren's contracture.

To investigate the mechanisms underlying matrix deposition in Dupuytren's disease, the expression of gelatinase A (MMP-2), the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2), transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-ß1), decorin (DCN), and periostin was studied. The level of relative MMP-2 activation was investigated using zymography. The mRNA expression of MMP-2, TIMP-2, TGF-ß1, and DCN was detected using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), while the presence of protein was detected using immunohistochemical (IHC) and Western blot techniques. The level of MMP-2 activation was significantly elevated in tissues with Dupuytren's contracture. RT-PCR demonstrated significantly higher expression of MMP-2, TIMP-2, TGF-ß1, and DCN mRNA in the pathological tissues; and the IHC and immunoblotting studies revealed elevated expression of TGF-ß1, DCN, and periostin. The balance between MMP-2 and TIMP-2 was disrupted in patients with Dupuytren's disease. TGF-ß1, DCN, and periostin are involved in extracellular matrix (ECM) homeostasis in Dupuytren's contracture.

Immunohistochemical localization of somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide in smokers with chronic pancreatitis.

Recent studies have demonstrated a significant role of tobacco smoking in the development of chronic pancreatitis. Although there are published papers on the effects of cigarette smoking on insulin secretion in patients, no data are available on the effects of smoking on pancreatic endocrine cells secreting somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of cigarette smoking on endocrine pancreatic function by immunolocalization of somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide in the pancreas from smokers and non-smoking patients with chronic pancreatitis in comparison with healthy controls. The LSAB2-HRP technique with polyclonal antibodies was used for the immunolocalization of somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide in histological preparations of the pancreas. The intensity of immunohistochemical reaction was calculated with digital image analysis. The study demonstrated increased numbers of somatostatin (D) secreting cells and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) cells and their altered location in pancreatic islets and parenchyma of smoking patients with chronic pancreatitis, as compared to non-smoking patients and healthy controls. Smoking patients showed significantly higher immunostaining of the hormones in the pancreas compared to non-smoking patients and healthy persons. This study indicates that smoking may play a significant role in the development of endocrine disturbances in the development of chronic pancreatitis.

Comparison of metallothionein (MT) and Ki-67 antigen expression in benign and malignant thyroid tumours.

Thyroid carcinomas are the most frequently occurring tumours in the endocrine system. Metallothioneins (MT) and Ki-67 proteins are present in intensely proliferating cells, and their expression has been observed in numerous tumours, including thyroid tumours. The purpose of this study was to analyse the relationship between intensity of MT expression and Ki-67 antigen on one hand and histological features of the examined thyroid tumours on the other. The investigated material included 186 archival paraffin blocks with samples of various thyroid tissues, obtained from the Chair and Department of Pathomorphology, Medical University of Wroclaw. In paraffin sections, immunohistochemical reactions were performed with the use of monoclonal anti-MT (I/II) and anti-Ki-67 antibodies. Intensity of MT and Ki-67 antigen expression was evaluated using a light microscope using the semi-quantitative method of Remmele. A significant difference in MT expression was noted between different tumours of the thyroid: the highest expression was detected in follicular carcinoma and the lowest was detected in medullary carcinoma. Expression of MT was also significantly elevated in follicular carcinoma as compared to follicular adenoma. On the other hand, no significant differences were seen between expression of Ki-67 antigen in follicular adenoma and follicular carcinoma. Moreover, these investigations detected no correlation between the expression of MT and Ki-67 antigen in follicular adenoma and follicular carcinoma. In view of the obtained results, the expression of MT can be considered as a potential marker of differentiation between the two types of thyroid tumours, which are otherwise difficult to differentiate.

Comparison of the results of surgical treatment after direct neurorrhaphy and reconstruction with sural nerve grafts in perinatal brachial plexus lesions.

The neurotmesis of elements of the brachial plexus in perinatal lesions requires microsurgical reconstruction. In this study we present our own experiences in surgical treatment of postganglionic lesions in the fifth degree of injury in Sunderland's scale. The clinical material consisted of 14 children aged from 2.5 to 6 months treated surgically due to neurotmesis of the neural elements of the brachial plexus. In 8 cases direct neurorrhaphy and in 6 cases reconstruction with sural nerve grafts were performed. During the operations material from the proximal stumps of the brachial plexus trunks was collected for histopathological examination. The analysis of the material comprised: clinical type of injury, location of postganglionic lesion and type of surgical procedure. The results of surgical treatment were evaluated using generally accepted scales (Gilbert's, Raimondi's, Al-Qattan's and British Medical Research Council scales). Comparison of the results of treatment between the surgical methods was also performed. Better results of surgical treatment were observed after direct neurorrhaphy. In our opinion the indications for these two methods are different and both operative techniques are useful in surgical treatment of perinatal brachial plexus palsy.

Clinical characteristics of laryngeal cancer in BRCA-1 mutation carriers.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to analyze the occurrence of clinical features characteristic of breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein (BRCA-1)-dependent tumors in a series of BRCA-1 mutation carriers with laryngeal cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The clinical features of five laryngeal cancer patients with BRCA-1 mutations registered in our center were analyzed for: sex, age at diagnosis, age at operation, tumor size and localization, histopathological subtype and grading, lymph node and distant metastases, mode of treatment and long term results of the therapy. RESULTS: The five patients were all men, with an average age at diagnosis of 52.4 years. The majority of the patients had clinical features typical of BRCA-1-dependent tumors: four out of the five patients had advanced staging at the time of diagnosis and in three of them the disorder disseminated within one year of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Since laryngeal carcinomas in men with BRCA-1 mutations show clinical features characteristic of BRCA-1 dependent tumors, it is reasonable to consider treatment modifications appropriate for this sub-group of tumors.

Immunohistochemical localization of metallothionein and p53 protein in pancreatic serous cystadenomas.

INTRODUCTION: The objective of this study was to determine the expression levels of metallothionein (MT) and p53 protein, recognized neoplastic transformation markers, in pancreatic serous cystadenomas (SCA) and adenomocarcinomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Neoplastic pancreatic tissue was taken from 20 patients with diagnosed benign (SCA: 5 cases) or malignant tumors (adenomocarcinomas: 15 cases) and control pancreatic tissue from healthy persons who had died in car accidents. Sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin. Immunohistochemical localization of MT and p53 protein was carried out by LSAB2-HRP using specific antibodies against MT and p53. RESULTS: Metallothionein expression was observed only in the epithelial cells of the neoplastic tissue of SCAs. MT expression in the cystadenomas was weaker than in the healthy pancreatic tissue. No tissue was found with p53 protein expression. In the adenomocarcinomas, positive staining for MT was observed in 67% and p53 was positive in the carcinoma cells. CONCLUSION: The weak MT expression and lack of p53 protein expression in pancreatic SCAs confirms the lack of local invasive potential of the neoplastic lesion. Increased expressions of MT and p53 were observed in the less differentiated tumors. Thus the expression of MT may be a potential prognostic marker for tumors.

Bronchial hyper-responsiveness, subepithelial fibrosis, and transforming growth factor-beta(1) expression in patients with long-standing and recently diagnosed asthma.

INTRODUCTION: Chronic inflammation in asthmatic airways leads to bronchial hyper-responsiveness (BHR) and the development of structural changes. Important features of remodeling include the formation of subepithelial fibrosis due to increased collagen deposition in the reticular basement membrane. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta might be a central mediator of tissue fibrosis and remodeling. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Immunohistochemistry was used to measure collagen III deposition and TGF-beta(1) expression in biopsies from patients with long-standing asthma treated with inhaled corticosteroids, patients with recently diagnosed asthma, and control subjects. Computer-assisted image analysis was used to evaluate total basement membrane (TBM) thickness. RESULTS: Asthmatics, particularly those with long-standing asthma, had thicker TBMs than healthy subjects. Collagen III deposition was comparable in the studied groups. BHR was not correlated with features of mucosal inflammation and was lower in steroid-treated patients with long-standing asthma than in subjects with newly diagnosed asthma untreated with steroids. Epithelial TGF-beta(1) expression negatively correlated with collagen III deposition and TBM thickness. CONCLUSIONS: The study showed that TBM thickness, but not collagen III deposition, could be a differentiating marker of asthmatics of different disease duration and treatment. The lack of correlation between BHR and features of mucosal inflammation suggests the complexity of BHR development. Corticosteroids can reduce BHR in asthmatics, but it seems to be less effective in reducing subepithelial fibrosis. The role of epithelial TGF-beta(1) needs to be further investigated since the possibility that it plays a protective and anti-inflammatory role in asthmatic airways cannot be excluded.

Immunohistochemical study of decorin expression in polyps and carcinomas of the colon.

BACKGROUND: Recent studies showed that a small leucine-rich proteoglycan, decorin, may suppress tumor progression as a natural anticancer agent negatively controlling cellular growth. It was hypothesized that physiological expression of decorin may be associated with cellular senescence of the colorectal mucosa and that its down-regulation, promoting an increase in cellular proliferation, could participate in the progression of adenoma to adenocarcinoma. Therefore the expression of decorin in hyperplastic and neoplastic polyps of the colorectum was examined and compared with normal colonic mucosa and colon cancer tissues. MATERIAL/METHODS: Tissue samples were obtained from 41 patients with different types of colonic polyps (6 hyperplastic adenomas, 34 neoplastic adenomas, and 1 adenomatous polyp with focal carcinoma) and 12 patients with colon cancer. Seven samples of normal colon tissue were used as controls. Paraffin-embedded samples were used for immunohistochemical study. RESULTS: Normal and hyperplastic tissues and the majority of tubular adenomas showed strong expression of decorin in the stroma. Adenomas with a villous component showed moderate and very low decorin immunoreactivity. The decrease in decorin reactivity in tubulo-villous adenomas was significant as compared with other polyps and controls. Weak decorin immunoreactivity in stroma adjacent to clusters of cancerous cells was also found in most cases of common types of adenocarcinoma, but not in adenocarcinoma mucinosum. CONCLUSIONS: The expression of decorin may be involved in the differentiation of colonic polyps and reduced expression of decorin may abrogate the defensive potential of stromal tissue and promote the development of common types of colon carcinoma.

Immunohistochemical localization of interleukin-6 in human pancreatitis.

The aim of the study was to identify immunohistochemically the localization of interleukin (IL)-6 in normal pancreas and in chronic pancreatitis (CP). Samples of tissues of normal pancreas (n=5) and CP (n=16), were verified histopathologically and then IL-6 was localized by immunohistochemical staining using the monoclonal antihuman IL-6 antibody and test LSAB2-HRP to visualize IL-6/Ab complexes. In slices of the pancreas, derived from patients with CP, a much stronger immunohistochemical reaction was noticed as compared with controls specimens. IL-6 was localized in exocrine, islet cells and ducts cells of the pancreas. Interestingly, this cytokine was detected in cytoplasm and very close to nucleus. Moreover, in cases of CP with inflammatory infiltration, there were a markedly stronger IL-6 expression, than that observed in specimens without infiltrate. In conclusion, the results presented herein clearly demonstrated a moderate and strong expression of IL-6 in exocrine and endocrine cells of patients with CP. These observations provide further support for the existence of local immune-pancreatic interactions.

Cytokine gene expression in kidney allograft biopsies after donor brain death and ischemia-reperfusion injury using in situ reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis.

BACKGROUND: This study focuses on the cytokine genes expression after brain-death, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and during allograft rejection. METHODS: A total of 49 needle core biopsies from kidney transplant recipients, performed before and during transplantation procedures were studied. The first biopsy was taken during procurement of the organ, the second after cold ischemia, and the third after approximately 30 min of reperfusion. We also assessed 34 allograft biopsies obtained during acute rejection. Tubular and glomerular expression of interferon (IFN)-gamma, transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1, platelet-desired growth factor-B (PDGF-B), interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, IL-10 mRNA was analyzed with reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in situ technique, which allows to detect a few copies of the target gene without destruction of the tissue architecture. RESULTS: Compared with normal kidney tissue from living donor, high gene expression of IFN-gamma, TGF-beta1, PDGF-B, IL-2, IL-6, and IL-10 was detected in all procurement specimens. After reperfusion gene expressions of IL-2, IL-6, and IL-10 were significantly upregulated in renal tubules compared to biopsies taken after cold ischemia. The gene expression of IFN-gamma, TGF-beta1, and PDGF-B remained stable after organ procurement, during cold ischemia, and after reperfusion. Gene expression of IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, and PDGF-B in procurement biopsies, as well as in those taken after cold ischemia and reperfusion, were significantly higher than during the period of acute rejection. CONCLUSION: The data presented herein strongly point out the importance of the immunological and morphological injury that occurs before and during transplantation. The increase of inflammatory response after brain death is important for further stimulation of the immune response and long-term kidney survival.

Elastase deposits in the kidney and urinary elastase excretion in patients with glomerulonephritis--evidence for neutrophil involvement in renal injury.

OBJECTIVE: Elastase is a key proteolytic enzyme released during polymorphonuclear leukocyte degranulation. There are abundant data of elastase involvement in the development of injury in experimental models of glomerulonephritis (GN), but scant direct evidence of its involvement in human primary GN. The aims of this study were to determine the immunolocalization of elastase deposits in kidney biopsy specimens from patients with primary idiopathic GN, to attempt to correlate the distribution and intensity of deposits with urinary elastase excretion, and to determine clinical markers of renal injury in several types of primary idiopathic GN. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The immunohistochemical localization and intensity of elastase deposits in kidney biopsies, the urinary excretion of leukocyte elastase, and proteinuria and serum creatinine levels were evaluated in 23 patients with primary GN and the associations between these factors were sought. RESULTS: Patients with crescentic proliferative GN had the highest intensity of elastase deposits. In this group of patients, elastase was present in the glomerular endothelium, as well as in the tubular epithelium and interstitium. Patients with a high intensity of elastase deposits within the glomerular endothelium and Bowman's capsule had significantly higher urinary excretion of elastase. Patients with interstitial, mesangial and perivascular elastase deposits had significantly higher serum creatinine than those without. Patients with elastase deposits in the glomerular endothelium and in the interstitium had insignificantly higher proteinuria than those without. CONCLUSION: Our data provide morphological evidence of leukocyte elastase involvement in renal injury occurring in the course of primary idiopathic GN, in particular in the proliferative types.

[The evaluation of the properties of the silicone-rod and tissue reation after 5,5 years period of implantation]. / Ocena wlasciwosci preta silikonowego oraz odczynu tkanek po 5,5 letnim okresie implantacji.

In this study we presented a case of prolonged detention of the temporary flexor tendon prosthesis after implantation in the hand. The silicone-rod removed after more than 5 years was subject to an examination: scanning microscopy, measurement of hardness, scanning differential calorimetry, spectroscopy in infra-red and resistance examinations. The obtained results were compared with a findings after examinations of the new, not used silicone-rod. The greatest changes were observed in maximum value of tensile strength (sigmaB) of the material after test of uniaxial tensile tests, which was about 30% smaller for a silicone-rod after implantation. The other result of investigations didn't reveal an important differences between a new and a used rod. The comparison of the tissue reaction was performed by collection a part of sheath in described case and a part of sheath produced around a rod after 10 weeks period of implantation. The generation of a capsules consisted of fibrous connective tissue with concomitant inflammation process was observed in both cases in histopathological view. Silicone rubber is a material which preserve its most important properties even after prolonged period of implantation.

[Intraneural ganglion of the tibial nerve--a case report]. / Torbiel galaretowata nerwu piszczelowego--opis przypadku.

This paper describes a surgically treated case of gelatinous cyst of extremely rare location within the tibial nerve at the level of the popliteal fossa. The initial diagnosis was based on imaging exams (MRI, ultrasonography) and surgical exploration of the tumour. The intraneural ganglion was completely removed. Neurological motor and sensory deficits were observed neither in the preoperative nor in the postoperative period. The ultimate diagnosis was established based on the histopathological examination.

Radiation-induced brachial plexus neuropathy - aetiopathogenesis, risk factors, differential diagnostics, symptoms and treatment.

The success of radiation oncology has led to longer patient survival. This provides a greater opportunity for radiation injuries of the peripheral nerves to develop. Brachial plexus neuropathy in cancer patients may result from either tumour recurrence or as a consequence of radiation therapy. Distinguishing between radiation injury and cancer disease recurrence as a cause of brachial plexus dysfunction may be difficult. In this article the most important principles of the differential diagnostics have been presented. Furthermore the aetiopathogenesis of brachial plexus neuropathy after radiotherapy has been discussed as well as main risk factors, symptoms of plexopathy and methods of treatment. It ought to be emphasized that complications of radiation therapy sometimes occur many years after treatment and this may create difficulties in initial diagnostics.

Brachial plexus injuries after radiotherapy - analysis of 6 cases.

Radiation-induced brachial plexus neuropathy is caused by compression of the nerve fibres by dense and inelastic fibrous connective tissue. In this study our own experience in treatment of lesions of the brachial plexus after radiotherapy is presented. The clinical material consisted of 6 patients aged from 40 to 64 years with injuries of the brachial plexus after radiotherapy. The analysis of the material comprised: basic disease, duration of radiotherapy, radiated fields, total dose of radiation, onset and character of symptoms, location and severity of injury. 5 women were qualified for surgical treatment. After neurolysis of the brachial plexus a significant improvement was obtained in 2 cases. In one patient remission of pain and sensory recovery was temporary. No improvement was observed in the remaining 2 patients. Lesions of the brachial plexus after radiotherapy are rare but difficult to prevent. The treatment depends on the grade of severity of injury. Surgical neurolysis is advised for grades 3 and 4 on the LENT-SOMA scale.

Dysfunction of the pancreas in healthy smoking persons and patients with chronic pancreatitis.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to assess the effect of cigarette smoking on the endocrine pancreatic function by determining the levels of serum glucose and plasma insulin as well as by defining immunohistochemical localization of insulin and glucagon in tissue specimens of the pancreata derived from healthy persons and smoking and nonsmoking patients with diagnosed chronic pancreatitis (CP). METHODS: The oxidative method was used to measure fasting glycemia in blood plasma and the method enzyme-linked immunoassay to determine the level of insulin in plasma. Immunohistochemical localization of hormones in paraffin tissue specimens of the pancreas was performed using the LSAB2-HRP visual test with polyclonal insulin and glucagon antibodies. The intensity of immunohistochemical reaction was calculated with digital imaging methodology. RESULTS: The study revealed a substantially higher level of serum glucose in smoking CP patients and in healthy persons compared with nonsmoking patients and healthy persons, whereas insulin concentration in smoking patients was statistically lower than in nonsmokers. Smoking patients showed significantly lower expression of insulin and glucagon in the pancreas compared with nonsmoking patients and healthy persons. CONCLUSIONS: Impairment of the endocrine function of beta and alpha cells in the pancreatic islets is frequently manifested by complications in pancreatitis resulting among others from long-term smoking.

[Gene expression of INF-gamma, IL-10, IL-2, IL-6, PDGF-B i TGF-beta in kidney tissue after renal transplantation]. / Ekspresja genów dia: IFN-gamma, IL-10, IL-2, IL-6, PDGF-B i TGF-beta w wycinkach nerek od biorców przeszczepu nerki.

UNLABELLED: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of brain death, ischemia-reperfusion injury and alloreactivity of some cytokines on intragraft mRNA expression. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We have examined 49 needle core biopsies of kidney allografts from cadaveric donors. Samples were taken before harvesting, after cold ischemia and approximately after 20-30 minutes of reperfusion. We have also assessed 56 allograft biopsies taken after transplantation. Tubular and glomerular expression of IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-gamma, TGF-beta 1 and PDGF-B mRNA was assessed using semiquantitative evaluation of the RT-PCR in situ on paraffin tissue sections. RESULTS: In all pre-procurement specimens high glomerular and tubular IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, TGF-beta 1, PDGF-B and IFN-gamma mRNA expression was detected. After reperfusion an increase of IL-2, IL-6, and IL-10 mRNA expression was observed in all specimens and was limited only to tubules. Biopsies samples with borderline changes exhibited the lowest levels of cytokine gene expression close to the intensity in control specimens. An intense, comparing to normal kidney, tubular and glomerular all examined cytokines gene expression was also noticed during acute rejection. No significant differences between acute cellular and vascular rejection were noticed. The mRNA expression of IFN-gamma and IL-2, IL-6, IL-10 in chronic rejection did not differ from acute rejection. The tubular expressions of mRNA for IL-6 and TGF-gamma 1 in biopsies with acute rejection obtained from patients treated with MMF were significantly lower than in biopsies obtained from patients treated with azathioprine.