Maximizing the diversity of participants in a phase II clinical trial of optical technologies to detect cervical neoplasia.

INTRODUCTION: We compare the racial and ethnic demographics of our participants with the populations where our clinics are located (Texas and British Columbia) and investigate the reasons cited for participation. METHODS: We compared the distribution of participants by race/ethnicity to numbers from the 2000 United States Census and the 2001 Census of Canada. Each participant recorded her reasons for enrolling in the trial in her own words. This information was then categorized for analysis. For participants who provided more than one reason for participation, their responses were weighted accordingly to sum 100% for each race. All analyses were performed using SPSS v12.0 (SPSS, Chicago). RESULTS: In all, 1850 women participated in the study. Except for Asians in the Vancouver population and Native Americans in both populations, all minorities were recruited in proportions in excess of their respective proportions in the general population. Distinct differences in the reasons for participating between sites were noted. Houston patients were more likely to cite concern for one's own health as a reason for participating. On the other hand, Vancouver patients were more likely to cite helping others. This trend was found in both the screening and diagnostic populations. CONCLUSIONS: We attribute our success in recruiting minorities to community outreach, our multicultural staff, and efforts to provide uniform care at all sites.

The role of nursing in cervical cancer prevention and treatment.

Nurses today assume multiple roles, such as patient advocate, care provider, and research investigator. At the Second International Conference on Cervical Cancer (April 11-14, 2002, Houston, TX), nurses presented original research describing these roles in the context of cervical cancer screening, prevention, and detection in the United States and Sweden; outlined the uses of practice guidelines; and suggested future directions for nursing research. In the 20th century, nurses expanded their patient care responsibilities and promoted cancer control by expanding their skills. Some sought to broaden the spectrum of care by investigating cervical cancer screening disparities, behavioral aspects of screening, and differences between the stated purposes of screening programs and those of the nurse-midwives operating them. In the 21st century, nurses interested in cervical cancer control expect to broaden the scope of their care and their research roles further by continuing to improve training, advocating screening (and increased education about screening), and helping to establish new sources of funding for research.