Initial extraction of sodium silicate from sidoarjo mud by alkaline fusion and water leaching.

Sodium Silicate is a chemical compound that has properties such as water glass is a colorless, soluble in water, and is widely used in industry. Therefore, the extraction of sodium silicate by alkaline fusion is followed by water leaching. The alkaline fusion process is a technique that is often used and can further simplify the extraction process. The purpose of this research in general is to obtain the optimum conditions for the extraction of sodium silicate from the Sidoarjo mud in an alkaline fusion process followed by water leaching. The alkali used in the alkaline fusion process is Na2CO3. The effect of various experimental conditions on fusion has been studied. These variables include the amount of alkali used, the reaction temperature, and the length of the reaction time. The alkaline fusion process proved that sodium silicate could be produced and could be separated in water leaching. The highest percentage of sodium silicate extraction was 43.6% resulting from water leaching conditions with a solid-liquid ratio of 1:5, a temperature of 80 °C for 2 h.

Pressurized Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent Extraction of Galanthamine and Related Alkaloids from Narcissus pseudonarcissus.

The isolation of a compound from a natural source involves many organic and mostly toxic solvents for extraction and purification. Natural deep eutectic solvents have been shown to be efficient options for the extraction of natural products. They have the advantage of being composed of abundantly available common primary metabolites, being nontoxic and environmentally safe solvents. The aim of this study was to develop a natural deep eutectic solvent-based extraction method for galanthamine, an important therapeutic agent for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. This alkaloid can be produced by synthesis or by extraction from Narcissus bulbs. To develop an efficient extraction method, a number of different natural deep eutectic solvents was first tested for their solubilization capacity of galanthamine bromide salt. Promising results were obtained for ionic liquids, as well as some amphoteric and acidic natural deep eutectic solvents. In a two-cycle extraction process, the best solvents were tested for the extraction of galanthamine from bulbs. The ionic liquids produced poor yields, and the best results were obtained with some acid and sugar mixtures, among which malic acid-sucrose-water (1 : 1 : 5) proved to be the best, showing similar yields to that of the exhaustive Soxhlet extraction with methanol. Furthermore, the natural deep eutectic solvent was more selective for galanthamine.