RESUMO
Nicotine e-cigarettes are a safe and effective way to help patients stop smoking.
Assuntos
Sistemas Eletrônicos de Liberação de Nicotina , Abandono do Hábito de Fumar , Humanos , Abandono do Hábito de Fumar/métodos , Vaping/efeitos adversos , Dispositivos para o Abandono do Uso de Tabaco , Fumar/efeitos adversos , Fumar/epidemiologiaRESUMO
In hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), a less aggressive supplemental insulin regimen is noninferior to a standard, more aggressive, supplemental regimen.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Insulina , Humanos , Insulina/uso terapêutico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamento farmacológico , Glicemia , Esquema de Medicação , Pacientes Internados , Hipoglicemiantes/uso terapêutico , HospitalizaçãoRESUMO
While treatment with metformin or lifestyle modification reduces risk for T2D in patients with prediabetes, neither intervention ultimately offers a mortality benefit.
Assuntos
Metformina , Estado Pré-Diabético , Humanos , Estado Pré-Diabético/diagnóstico , Estado Pré-Diabético/terapia , Terapia Comportamental , Estilo de Vida , Metformina/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
YES. Low-dose naltrexone is as effective as amitriptyline in the treatment of painful diabetic neuropathy and has a superior safety profile (strength of recommendation [SOR], B; single randomized controlled trial [RCT]). Low-dose naltrexone significantly reduced pain by 32% in inflammatory conditions and 44% in neuropathic conditions (SOR, B; single retrospective cohort study). Doses as low as 5.4 mg were found to reduce pain in 95% of patients with fibromyalgia (SOR, B; single prospective dose-response study).
Assuntos
Fibromialgia , Naltrexona , Humanos , Naltrexona/uso terapêutico , Manejo da Dor , Amitriptilina , Fibromialgia/tratamento farmacológico , DorRESUMO
NO. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) does not prevent cognitive decline in postmenopausal women-and in fact, it may slightly increase risk (strength of recommendation, A; systematic review, meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials [RCTs], and individual RCT).
Assuntos
Disfunção Cognitiva , Pós-Menopausa , Feminino , Humanos , Disfunção Cognitiva/prevenção & controle , Terapia de Reposição Hormonal , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como AssuntoRESUMO
Yes for exacerbations, no for hospitalizations. Prophylactic azithro-mycin reduces the number of exacerbations by about 25%. It also extends the time between exacerbations by approximately 90 days for patients with moderate-to-severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Azithromycin benefits patients who are >65 years, patients with Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) stage II or III COPD, former smokers, and patients using long-term oxygen; it doesn't benefit patients ≤65 years, patients with GOLD stage IV COPD, current smokers, or patients not using oxygen (strength of recommendation [SOR]: B, randomized controlled trials [RCTs]). Prophylactic azithromycin doesn't reduce hospitalizations overall (SOR: B, single small RCT).