RESUMO
Shear wave sonoelastography is a valuable additional technique in differentiation between benign and malignant breast lesions. In this paper, a hypothesis of the potential role of this additional ultrasound technique as a very useful tool in differentiation of a medullary breast cancer subtype is proposed. Medullary breast cancer is a rare subtype, difficult for diagnosing, due to its benign radiologic features that can mislead to the wrong conclusion. After analyzing the results of nine patients diagnosed with medullary breast cancer and in comparison with two control groups (invasive ductal cancer of no specific type and fibroadenoma), we concluded that this breast cancer subtype shows specific elastography features based on qualitative and quantitative values.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama , Técnicas de Imagem por Elasticidade , Mama/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico por imagem , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Humanos , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Ultrassonografia MamáriaRESUMO
The use of minimal invasive surgery in urology continue to increase. Retroperitoneoscopic approach in performing minimal invasive surgery of retroperitoneum shortens the duration of operation in comparison with transabdominal approach, with minimal risk of intraabdominal complications. We described the use of the retroperitoneoscopic approach to the upper pole of a kidney for marsupialization of a symptomatic renal cyst. The procedure was minimally traumatic, morbidity was negligible and the patient was discharged from the hospital the third day after the operation. We believe that retroperitoneoscopic management of giant symptomatic renal cysts will be applicable, together with other existing methods.
Assuntos
Doenças Renais Císticas/cirurgia , Laparoscopia/métodos , Idoso , Feminino , HumanosRESUMO
The function of the mastoid cavity is still unknown. In the present article a theory of its main function is presented. The mastoid cavity is of vital importance in the non-immunological defence of the middle-ear. It is the most important site for the production of secretions that "wash" the middle-ear free of bacteria and viruses. The mucociliary system and the gravitation force, if the body is in erect position, transports the secretions through the two openings of the ear, the aditus and antrum and the ostia of the Eustachian tube, to be expelled into the epipharynx. Based on this theory pathological disorders of the ear are discussed as well as the effect of ventilation tubes on otosalpingitis and recurrent otitis media. Other plausible mastoid cavity functions are also discussed.
