Indigenous participation in pediatric Indigenous health research in Canada: a systematic review.

For health inequities to be successfully addressed through health research, it is necessary for researchers to strive for genuine engagement with stakeholders. Indigenous people provide critical perspectives in Indigenous health research. The objective of this review was to systematically review the existing pediatric Indigenous health research in Canada to determine the prevalence of Indigenous participation. Embase, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library were searched on April 15, 2017 and updated on July 16, 2020. A total of 798 studies focused on the health of Indigenous children ≤18 in Canada were included, of 17,752 abstracts screened in English and French. A total of 46.1% of articles indicated Indigenous participation, increasing over time. Organization/government was the most common form of Indigenous participation (62.8%) and Indigenous researcher as author was least common (10.9%). Participation by child age, geography and topic area varied. The most common category of topic researched was nutrition, lifestyle and anthropometrics. Indigeneity of researchers was determined by self-identification in the papers and may be an underestimate. Although improving over time, less than half of studies about Indigenous children in Canada included Indigenous participation in their execution. Journals and funding bodies must ensure fulsome participation of Indigenous people in research focused on Indigenous children. IMPACT: Indigenous participation in pediatric Indigenous health research is critical to producing ethical relevant and actionable results. This review describes the status of Indigenous participation in this body of work in Canada. This review highlights areas of concern and strength to improve the practices and ethics of medical researchers in this area, thereby increasing relevance of pediatric Indigenous health research to communities.

Delivering eye care to homeless and marginally housed populations during the COVID-19 pandemic: a pilot study.

OBJECTIVE: Homeless and marginally housed populations experience a higher prevalence of visual impairment relative to the general population. The aim of this pilot study is to present a novel model for conducting ocular screening clinics for homeless individuals during a pandemic and to describe the status of ocular health in this population during this time. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 3 outdoor tent-based ocular screening clinics were held in a park in Toronto. Most participants were recruited from local shelters, but additional spots were allocated for homeless individuals on a drop-in basis. Prior to enrolment, each participant underwent COVID-19 screening via a questionnaire and temperature measurement. Those who screened negative received a comprehensive eye examination, including vision testing, dilated fundus examination, and autorefraction. RESULTS: Eleven individuals completed all assessments. The mean age of participants was 54.5 years, and 11 of the participants were male. Visual impairment was found in 5 individuals. Refractive error via pinhole testing was found in 1 patient. Ocular pathology in this sample was found in 4 participants. Two patients required a referral to an ophthalmologist. From a psychosocial perspective, 4 participants reported significant difficulties. CONCLUSIONS: This novel tent-based ocular screening program provides a viable option for screening in a pandemic.