Long COVID Oral Cavity Symptoms Based on Selected Clinical Cases.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is characterized by variable clinical features, different durations, and several previously unheard-of late complications. Knowledge about this infection is constantly evolving.The aim of the study is to present selected cases of the most common symptoms of long COVID in the oral cavity.Among the 1,256 studied patients, 32% of them had discoloration, ulceration, and hemorrhagic changes on the oral mucosa, 29.69% had mycosis located on the tongue, 25.79% of patients had aphthous-like lesions on the hard palate, and in 12.5% atrophic cheilitis was observed. During the anamnesis, approximately 60% of patients reported salivary secretory disorders in the initial period of infection, which is 6.68% prolonged up to 4 months after systemic symptoms disappeared. In an extreme case, an aphthous-like lesion was located on the hard palate, which persisted for 6 months. Approximately 36% of patients did not agree to the proposed treatment. As a result, they only received recommendations on the use of oral hygiene products and received weekly check-ups. In this group of patients, most pathological changes spontaneously cleared after 3 weeks. The elderly with coexisting diseases, persons with a more severe SARS-CoV-2, and hospitalized patients had more extensive and severe lesions in the oral cavity that persisted for a long time after infection.In patients after the SARS-CoV-2 infection and suspected of this infection, a detailed intraoral examination should be performed, and the patient must be obligatorily monitored for a minimum period of 6 months. Depending on the patient's clinical condition, changes in the oral cavity require observation, basic or specialist treatment. In the case of changes in the cavity without pain symptoms, observation should be made for approximately 4 weeks and wait for the spontaneous regression of the changes. However, when pain occurs, a good solution is to use laser biostimulation. In the case of complex pathological changes occurring in the oral cavity, the patient should be directed for specialist treatment.

Assessment of Hypodontia Treatment of Maxillary Lateral Incisors in Adult Patients After 9 Years of Follow-up: A Retrospective Study.

PURPOSE: To assess the effects of maxillary lateral incisor hypodontia treatment following the use of implantation procedures, fixed and removable dental prostheses, and change in the shape of the canine. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Hypodontia treatment effects were retrospectively evaluated in 129 patients aged 18 to 60 years. The assessment covered esthetic, biologic, and functional aspects of the restored missing teeth within 9 years after treatment. The analysis of the findings took into account the percentage of positive effects of treatment for each method and assessment year and also included statistical tests based on the F statistic, which allowed comparison of the effectiveness of the applied methods of hypodontia treatment. RESULTS: In years 1 to 3, the effects of treatment were wholly positive; in subsequent years, the applied methods differed in terms of effectiveness. After 9 years, there was full clinical success for the implant-prosthetic method and for three-unit porcelain-fused-to-metal (PFM) fixed partial dentures (FPDs), 77.77% success for fiber-reinforced composite (FRC) FPDs, 73.68% for multi-unit PFM FPDs, 67.56% for canine shape change, and 23% for metal-alloy removable partial denture (RPD) prostheses. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that the use of mini-implants with PFM crowns and three-unit PFM FPDs are the most effective treatment methods. A less favorable clinical effect was obtained with the use of FRC FPDs and multi-unit PFM FPDs. Changing the canine shape led to an acceptable clinical effect in over two-thirds of case histories. Metal-alloy RPD prostheses yielded the weakest effects.

ASIT as the component of bronchial asthma's therapy can improve the adherence to the treatment.

OBJECTIVE: The aim: To compare the treatment adherence of patients with Bronchial Asthma (BA) receiving basic treatment and its combination with allergen-specific immunotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: The study included 104 patients aged from 18 to 50 with BA. All patients were divided into two groups. The main group (MG) consisted of 51 patients receiving basic medical treatment and ASIT. 38 of them received subcutaneous ASIT and 13 patients received sublingual ASIT. The comparative group (CG) consisted of 53 patients who received only basic therapy. The patients' observation duration was for a year. RESULTS: Results: All patients were done the computer spirometry with a bronchodilation test, determination of the total IgE level, questionnaires (quality of life, control of asthma, adherence to treatment). Also the major and minor component of allergy house dust mites and specific IgG4 were determined in patients of main groups. After 12 months of observation in both groups the spirometry rates improved (the main group result was 16.9%, the control group - was 12.8%). The indicators of asthma's control also increased (MG by 28%, in CG - 21%, (p <0,05)). After individual conversations and training the patients improved and adherence to the treatment too. In the beginning of our research the mean level in MG was 3.2 ± 0.3 points, in - CG-3.3 ± 0.2 points (p> 0.05), after 12 months it increased to 6.3 ± 0.2 points in MG vs 5. 8 ± 0.1 points in CG (p <0.05). CONCLUSION: Conclusion: Patients' combining basic therapy with SIT had significantly better results of the overall BA's controllability compared to the patients' receiving only basic therapy.