Solid-phase extraction and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of sulphur mustard in blood.

A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method is reported for the analysis of sulphur mustard in blood with the aid of solid-phase extraction sample preparation. Sulphur mustard is extracted from blood samples (both in vitro and in vivo) of rats with a solution of 0.05 M sodium dodecyl sulphate and pre-concentrated over Sep-Pak C18 cartridges pre-coated with Tween-20. A Polygosil C18 column is used with acetonitrile-water (52:48, v/v) as mobile phase for separation and sulphur mustard was detected at 200 nm.

Monitoring of haemoglobin-methyl isocyanate adduct by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector.

Carbamylation of haemoglobin by methyl isocyanate (MIC) was detected by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a photodiode array detector following cyclisation of the N-terminal valine into methyl isopropyl hydantoin (MIH). MIH was also synthesised by reaction of MIC with valine, the chromatographic conditions standardised and the spectrum derived by a photodiode array detector recorded for confirmation of the identity of MIH. This HPLC method is specific, sensitive and suitable for the detection of exposure of blood samples to methyl isocyanate.

Structure-activity relationship studies with mosquito repellent amides.

A series of amide analogues of N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) and N,N-diethylphenylacetamide (DEPA) were synthesized to study their mosquito repellency in relation to chemical structure and physical properties. None of these parameters (vapor pressure, lipophilicity, and molecular length) could be related to protection time. However, when the protection time of all five amides derived from the same carboxylic acid was expressed in terms of all three parameters together, excellent correlation was obtained.

Short-term toxicity studies of O-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile on humoral immunity in mice.

The effect of O-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile (CS) on the immune system was studied in mice given 8 and 16 mg/kg body weight i.p. of the compound, daily for 10 days. The humoral immune response to SRBC was suppressed at both doses, as determined by the antibody producing cells in the spleen. To find out whether the immunosuppression observed was due to the indirect effect of CS on the nutritional status and endocrine balance, serum proteins and corticosterone levels were measured. While the serum proteins did not alter, corticosterone levels rose significantly only in mice receiving higher dose of CS.

Histological changes in thyroid of rat under the acute exposure of O-chloro-benzylidine malononitrile.

This communication describes histological changes in the thyroid gland of rats under the acute stress of O-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile (CS) 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg). It has been observed that CS, when injected, causes histological changes in the thyroid of varying degrees, depending on the dose used.

Cellular changes of adrenal under the acute stress of O-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile (CS).

This investigation describes histological and cytometrical changes of cortical and medullary tissue of adrenal in rats under the acute stress of O-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile (10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg). It has been observed that after injection of CS, the adrenal gland showed histological changes both in the cortical and medullary region.