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1.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38640145

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 6 weeks of resistance training (RT) combined with aerobic training (AT) and Tirzepatide supplementation on lipid profiles, insulin resistance, anthropometric characteristics and physical fitness in prediabetic obese soldiers. METHODS: 61 obese men were randomly divided into six groups: Placebo; Tirzepatide 5 mg (T5); Tirzepatide 2.5 mg (T2.5); Hypertrophy, Strength, Power-Circuit Training+Placebo (Ex+P); Hypertrophy, Strength, Power-Circuit Training+Tirzepatide 5 mg (Ex+T5); Hypertrophy, Strength, Power-Circuit Training+Tirzepatide 2.5 mg (Ex+T2.5). All training groups performed aerobic training (AT) after resistance training. Subjects trained for six weeks, three sessions per week. Before and after the intervention period, the participants were evaluated for anthropometric measures, body composition [body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist to hip ratio (WHR) and fat mass (FM)], cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max), and muscle strength (chest press 1RM and leg press 1RM). Blood biochemistry evaluations included triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), fasting blood glucose (FBG), insulin level and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). To evaluate the differences between the groups, ANCOVA statistical method was used along with Bonferroni's post hoc test, and the significance level was P <  0.05. RESULTS: Body weight, BMI, WC, FM, FBG, LDL-C, TC, TG and HOMA-IR were significantly decreased in Ex+P, Ex+T5 and Ex+T2.5 groups compared to Placebo, T5 and T2.5 groups. WHR significantly decreased in Ex+P, Ex+T5 and Ex+T2.5 groups compared to Placebo group. HDL-C, chest press and leg press significantly increased in Ex+P, Ex+T5 and Ex+T2.5 groups compared to Placebo, T5 and T2.5 groups. VO2max significantly increased and insulin significantly decreased in Ex+P group compared to Placebo, T5 and T2.5 groups. FM, FBG and TG were significantly decreased in both the T2.5 and T5 groups compared to Placebo group. HOMA-IR, LDL-C and TC significantly decreased in the T5 group compared to Placebo group. Also, leg press significantly increased in Ex+P group compared to all other groups. CONCLUSIONS: Performing six weeks of combined resistance and aerobic training in the form of RT+AT alone is more effective than the simultaneous use of Tirzepatide on cardiorespiratory fitness, strength, and modulating insulin levels. Taking Tirzepatide in doses of 5 mg and 2.5 mg in combination with exercise training did not have a significant advantage over exercise training alone. Finally, taking Tirzepatide in doses of 5 mg or 2.5 mg in combination with exercise training is not significantly superior to each other.

2.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38306027

RESUMO

 Ferroptosis is a form of programmed cell death that plays a significant role in causing several diseases such as heart attack and heart failure, through alterations in fat, amino acid, and iron metabolism. Comprehending the regulatory mechanisms of ferroptosis signaling is critical because it has a considerable effect on the elderly's mortality. Conversely, age-related changes in substrate metabolism and metabolite levels are recognized to give rise to obesity. Furthermore, research has proposed that aging and obesity-related changes in substrate metabolism may aggravate ferroptosis. The suppression of ferroptosis holds potential as a successful therapeutic approach for managing different diseases, including sarcopenia, cardiovascular diseases, and central nervous system diseases. However, the pathologic and biological mechanisms behind the function of ferroptosis are not fully comprehended yet. Physical activity could affect lipid, amino acid, and iron metabolism to modulate ferroptosis. The aim of this study is to showcase the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms leading to ferroptosis and discuss the role of aging and physical activity in this phenomenon.

3.
Eur J Transl Myol ; 33(2)2023 May 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37254895

RESUMO

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of 8-week of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) supplementation alone or combined with concurrent training (CT) on functional capacity, serum brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Our hypothesis is that CT promotes improvements in the studied outcomes with higher results for the combination of CT and CoQ10. Randomized placebo-controlled trial. Twenty-eight patients with MS were randomly divided into 4 groups: CT+placebo, CT+CoQ10, CoQ10 and placebo. CT involved two resistance training sessions and one aerobic training session per week. CoQ10 was supplemented with 200 mg daily. Serum levels of BDNF, NGF and functional tests [timed up and go (TUG), 6-min walk (6MW), chest press, lateral pull down, leg extension, and lying leg curls one repetition maximum] were measured before and after the intervention period. CT+placebo and CT+CoQ10 significantly improved performance in TUG, 6MW, chest press, lateral pull down, leg extension, and lying leg curls, with superior results to both CoQ10 and placebo groups. Changes in TUG for CT+placebo were significantly higher than CT+CoQ10 (p<0.05). There were no significant differences in NGF and BDNF among the four groups (p >0.05). CT improves physical abilities in patient with MS, regardless CoQ10 supplementation. CT should be recommended for MS patients to increase functional capacity, but there seems to be no benefit in supplementing CoQ10.

4.
Nutrients ; 15(2)2023 Jan 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36678157

RESUMO

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 12 weeks of high-intensity training with astaxanthin supplementation on adipokine levels, insulin resistance and lipid profiles in males with obesity. Sixty-eight males with obesity were randomly stratified into four groups of seventeen subjects each: control group (CG), supplement group (SG), training group (TG), and training plus supplement group (TSG). Participants underwent 12 weeks of treatment with astaxanthin or placebo (20 mg/d capsule daily). The training protocol consisted of 36 sessions of high-intensity functional training (HIFT), 60 min/sessions, and three sessions/week. Metabolic profiles, body composition, anthropometrical measurements, cardio-respiratory indices and adipokine [Cq1/TNF-related protein 9 and 2 (CTRP9 and CTRP2) levels, and growth differentiation factors 8 and 15 (GDF8 and GDF15)] were measured. There were significant differences for all indicators between the groups (p < 0.05). Post-hoc analysis indicated that the levels of CTRP9, CTRP2, and GDF8 were different from CG (p < 0.05), although levels of GDF15 were similar to CG (p > 0.05). Levels of GDF8 were similar in the SG and TG groups (p > 0.05), with reductions of GDF15 levels in both training groups (p < 0.05). A total of 12 weeks of astaxanthin supplementation and exercise training decreased adipokines levels, body composition (weight, %fat), anthropometrical factors (BMI), and improved lipid and metabolic profiles. These benefits were greater for men with obesity in the TSG group.


Assuntos
Doenças Cardiovasculares , Treinamento Intervalado de Alta Intensidade , Humanos , Masculino , Adipocinas , Composição Corporal , Suplementos Nutricionais , Fatores de Risco de Doenças Cardíacas , Lipídeos , Obesidade/terapia , Fatores de Risco
5.
Sports Health ; 15(5): 710-717, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36189824

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can result in prolonged and severe damage to the lungs and quality of life (QoL). This study was designed to investigate the effects of 8-week Pilates and Aqua-Pilates training on pulmonary function and QoL in patients with COVID-19. HYPOTHESIS: Pilates and Aqua-Pilates training promotes similar changes on pulmonary function and QoL in people with a history of COVID-19. STUDY DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level 3. METHODS: A total of 45 participants (24 men and 21 women) with a history of COVID-19 were assigned randomly to 3 groups: Pilates training (standard Pilates), Aqua-Pilates training (Pilates in water), and Control. The training protocol was performed for 8 weeks (3 sessions per week). Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), and the ratio of FEV1 to the FVC (FEV1/FVC) indices were measured by a spirometer. The 26-item questionnaire World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL) BREF was used to assess QoL. Data were analyzed using paired-sample t test and analysis of covariance with an alpha level <0.05. RESULTS: The mean age of the participants was 49.9 ± 6.4 years. After 8 weeks of Pilates and Aqua-Pilates training, there were significant increases in FVC (21.4% for Pilates and 22.1% for Aqua-Pilates, P < 0.05), FEV1 (32.3% for Pilates and 34.7% for Aqua-Pilates, P < 0.05), and FEV1/FVC% (9% for Pilates and 10.3% for Aqua-Pilates, P < 0.05) for the experimental groups, but not for control. Changes for Pilates and Acqua-Pilates were significantly higher than for control. The QoL scores were significantly different within and between the experimental groups, with greater improvements in the Aqua Pilates group than in the Pilates group. CONCLUSION: An 8-week Pilates or Aqua-Pilates training can improve pulmonary function as much as 34%, depending on the parameter, and QoL in people with a history of COVID-19. Aqua-Pilates training appears to be preferable to standard Pilates. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The findings provide important insights into how healthcare professionals can prescribe exercise for COVID-19 survivors.

6.
Eur Endod J ; 7(2): 122-128, 2022 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35786582

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to compare microhardness and erosion susceptibility of root dentine in teeth extracted from diabetic and non-diabetic donors after the application of different root canal irrigants. METHODS: Forty-eight single-rooted premolars with single canals (24 each from diabetic and non-diabetic) were selected, and root canals were shaped by using rotary ProTaper files. Dentine slices of 4 mm were transversely sectioned from the middle root third. Specimens were assigned to four subgroups (n=6) and irrigated for 5 minutes: 1) 2.6% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl); 2) 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA); 3) 2% chlorhexidine (CHX); and 4) normal saline. Surface microhardness was determined at 100- and 500-µm depths from the pulp-dentine interface. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to determine the severity of dentine erosion. Data were analyzed by using two-way ANOVA, Post-hoc Tukey's, and Chi-square tests (P<0.05). RESULTS: Diabetes as well as NaOCl and EDTA decreased surface microhardness of dentine significantly (P<0.05). Diabetes had little effect on the erosion susceptibility of dentine (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Root canal irrigants can significantly lower the microhardness; specifically, in diabetic patients, and may be a factor affecting the longevity of root canal-treated teeth.


Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus , Irrigantes do Canal Radicular , Cavidade Pulpar , Dentina , Ácido Edético/farmacologia , Humanos , Irrigantes do Canal Radicular/farmacologia
7.
Eur Endod J ; 2021 Apr 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34047298

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of different pHs (4.4, 5.4, 6.4, 7.4, 8.4, and 9.4) and three different particle sizes of bismuth oxide on diametral tensile strength (DTS) of white Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (WMTA). METHODS: Thirty cylindrical moulds were divided into six groups of five; WMTA was mixed, placed inside the moulds, and wrapped in pieces of gauze soaked in synthetic tissue fluid (STF) with pH values of either 4.4, 5.4, 6.4, 7.4, 8.4, 9.4. For bismuth oxide, eighteen similar molds were divided into three groups of six (n=6). Then bismuth oxide with three particle sizes, including fine (120 nm), medium (200 nm), and coarse (10 µm), were provided and added to the Portland cement, which did not have any bismuth oxide to create WMTA. Then WMTA was mixed, placed inside cylindrical molds. After incubation at 95% humidity for 48 hours, samples were subjected to DTS testing by an Instron Universal testing machine with a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. Then, one sample from each group was subjected to scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis. Data were analysed by ANOVA and Tukey tests (α=0.05). RESULTS: The comparison of DTS in pH groups were: 8.4>7.4>9.4>6.4>5.4>4.4 (P<0.05); and in bismuth oxide groups were: fine particles > medium particles > coarse particles (P<0.05). Acidic pH, negatively affected the distribution of Ca2+ and Si4+ ions, while bismuth oxide with fine particles enhanced it. CONCLUSION: Acidic pH can decline the DTS of MTA significantly. However, reducing the particle size of bismuth oxide can increase the DTS of MTA significantly.

8.
Aust Endod J ; 47(3): 499-505, 2021 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33813800

RESUMO

The root fracture resistance (RFR) of premolars extracted from diabetic patients and the effect of biomaterials: white mineral trioxide aggregate (WMTA) and WMTA+Na2 HPO4 as an additive, on enhancing RFR were evaluated. Diabetic and non-diabetic teeth were divided into 4 subgroups (n = 5): root canals were obturated with WMTA, WMTA+Na2 HPO4 , gutta-percha and one unfilled (control). A plunger (1 mm diameter) applied a downward compressive load with crosshead speed of 1 mm min-1 on the specimens mounted on resin blocks, and the ultimate force to fracture was measured. The mean RFR values of diabetic specimens were significantly lower. The lowest and highest means of RFR were recorded in the control and WMTA, in normal group and the control and WMTA+Na2 HPO4 in the diabetic group, respectively. The RFR in diabetic patients was significantly lower, indicating their higher susceptibility to fracture under vertical forces. The use of WMTA (with or without Na2 HPO4 ) for obturation enhances the RFR.


Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus , Projetos de Pesquisa , Humanos
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