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1.
Mar Pollut Bull ; 126: 339-348, 2018 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29421110

RESUMO

After the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, a MOSSFA (Marine Oil Snow Sedimentation and Flocculent Accumulation) event took place, transporting an estimated 14% of total released oil to the sediment, and smothering parts of the benthic ecosystem. This microcosm study describes the effects of oiled artificial marine snow on benthic macroinvertebrates. Corophium volutator survival was reduced by 80% in oil-contaminated snow. Hydrobia ulvae survival was reduced by 40% in oil-contaminated snow, possibly due to consumption of oiled snow. Macoma balthica was sensitive to marine snow, addition of oil slightly decreased survival. This study reveals trait-dependent sensitivity to oil with or without marine snow. The main drivers for organismal response to marine snow and oil are motility, sensitivity to hypoxia and oil toxicity, and feeding habits. Adverse effects of MOSSFA events on benthos will have consequence for the benthic-pelagic habitat and food chain, and should receive more attention in oil spill management.


Assuntos
Invertebrados , Poluição por Petróleo/efeitos adversos , Animais , Ecossistema , Floculação , Sedimentos Geológicos
2.
Mar Pollut Bull ; 125(1-2): 186-191, 2017 Dec 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28821355

RESUMO

During the Deepwater Horizon (DwH) oil spill, interactions between oil, clay particles and marine snow lead to the formation of aggregates. Interactions between these components play an important, but yet not well understood, role in biodegradation of oil in the ocean water. The aim of this study is to explore the effect of these interactions on biodegradation of oil in the water. Laboratory experiments were performed, analyzing respiration and n-alkane and BTEX biodegradation in multiple conditions containing Corexit, alginate particles as marine snow, and kaolin clay. Two oil degrading bacterial pure cultures were added, Pseudomonas putida F1 and Rhodococcus qingshengii TUHH-12. Results show that the presence of alginate particles enhances oil biodegradation. The presence of Corexit alone or in combination with alginate particles and/or kaolin clay, hampers oil biodegradation. Kaolin clay and Corexit have a synergistic effect in increasing BTEX concentrations in the water and cause delay in oil biodegradation.


Assuntos
Poluição por Petróleo , Poluentes Químicos da Água/metabolismo , Alginatos , Alcanos/metabolismo , Silicatos de Alumínio/análise , Silicatos de Alumínio/metabolismo , Biodegradação Ambiental , Argila , Lipídeos/química , Poluição por Petróleo/análise , Pseudomonas putida/metabolismo , Rhodococcus/metabolismo , Tensoativos/química , Tensoativos/metabolismo , Microbiologia da Água , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise
3.
Mar Pollut Bull ; 108(1-2): 113-9, 2016 Jul 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27156037

RESUMO

Chemical dispersants were used in response to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico, both at the sea surface and the wellhead. Their effect on oil biodegradation is unclear, as studies showed both inhibition and enhancement. This study addresses the effect of Corexit on oil biodegradation by alkane and/or aromatic degrading bacterial culture in artificial seawater at different dispersant to oil ratios (DORs). Our results show that dispersant addition did not enhance oil biodegradation. At DOR 1:20, biodegradation was inhibited, especially when only the alkane degrading culture was present. With a combination of cultures, this inhibition was overcome after 10days. This indicates that initial inhibition of oil biodegradation can be overcome when different bacteria are present in the environment. We conclude that the observed inhibition is related to the enhanced dissolution of aromatic compounds into the water, inhibiting the alkane degrading bacteria.


Assuntos
Poluição por Petróleo/análise , Pseudomonas putida/metabolismo , Rhodococcus/metabolismo , Água do Mar/química , Tensoativos/química , Poluentes Químicos da Água/metabolismo , Alcanos/metabolismo , Biodegradação Ambiental , México , Modelos Teóricos , Água do Mar/microbiologia , Solubilidade , Poluentes Químicos da Água/química
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