RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: summarizing the results of many years of research by the authors on the influence of gene polymorphisms encoding xenobiotic biotransformation enzymes (GSTТ1, GSTM1, GSTÐ 1), antioxidant protection (С^262Т of the catalase gene), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (4a/4b VNTR polymorphism of the eNOS gene), and some environmental factors on the occurrence of broncho-obstructive disorders and the development of bronchial asthma in children, residents of radioactively contaminated areas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The examined school-aged children were residents of radioactively RCA who had no clinical signs of respiratory pathology. Deletion polymorphism of catalase gene (CAT C^262T), polymorphism of glutathione-S-transferase gene (GSTТ1, GSTM1, GSTÐ 1) and the polymorphism in the 4th intron (4a/4b) of the eNOS gene were studied in the molecular genetics laboratory of the State Institution «Reference Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Public Health Ministry of Ukraine¼. Molecular genetic studies were performed by polymerase chain reaction. The study of the ventilation lung capacity was carried out by the method of computer spirometry based on the data of the «flow-volume¼ loop analysis. A pharmacological inhalation test with a bronchodilator drug which affects the ß2-adrenergic receptors of the lungs was used to detect early changes in the ventilatory lung capacity - bronchial hyperreactivity. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: One of the leading mechanisms, due to which the implementation of hereditary predisposition to bronchial asthma in children living in radioactively contaminated areas is the polymorphism of certain genes of glutathione-S-transferase, catalase, endothelial nitric oxide synthase. With such polymorphic variants of the GST genes, isoforms of enzymes with reduced activity are produced, which limits their ability to effectively neutralize free radicals, which are formed in excess when free radical oxidation processes are activated due to the constant intake of radionuclides with a long half-life into the body of children. Unfavorable factors that increase the risk of developing broncho-obstructive disorders and the likelihood of their implementation in the form of bronchial asthma in children, residents of radioactively contaminated areas, have been identified. It has been established that among them the leading role is played by hereditary predisposition to this disease. On the part of the child, such negative factors were unfavorable conditions of intrauterine development, the presence of signs of exudative-catarrhal diathesis, manifestations of allergies and frequent respiratory diseases from the first months of life.
Assuntos
Asma , Polimorfismo Genético , Criança , Humanos , Óxido Nítrico Sintase Tipo III/genética , Catalase/genética , Repetições Minissatélites , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Asma/genética , Óxidos de Nitrogênio , Glutationa/genéticaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Estimation of the forest ecosystem influence on the formation of annual effective internal exposuredoses (137Cs) of the Ukrainian Polissya population in the remote period after the Chernobyl accident and predictivemodeling of the internal exposure doses of the region residents. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Dosimetric control of the population (adults and children of school age, for 80 people inthe group on average in the settlement) of the Kyiv region was conducted during 2003-2011 with the Scriner-3Mspectrometer according to «Methodical recommendations for conducting measurements using whole body countersfor dosimetric certification of settlements¼ [9]. Gamma-spectrometric analysis of the samples was conducted by thespectrometric method (DSTU 3743-98) with SEG-005, the BEDG-63 detector. Experimental data were analyzed usingMicrosoft Excel 2016 and OriginPro 9. Computer modeling was carried out in the mathematical software MAPLE 10. RESULTS: Annual effective internal exposure doses of Ukrainian Polissya inhabitants determine by the contamina-tion level of certain ecosystems, first of all so-called critical ones. For the region under study these are primarily for-est ecosystems and natural forage areas which can cause significant body burdens of the population due to the con-sumption of milk and forest food products like wild-breed mushrooms, forest berries, game, etc. The approximationof experimental data by seasons, obtained on the WBC-measurements results, confirmed the hypothesis of the expo-nential distribution for spring and the lognormal one for autumn. The exponential distribution is typical for statis-tical ensembles, formation factors of which are little variable or permanent. Thereby, neither of dos-forming factors,for instance, any food product, is determinative in spring. CONCLUSIONS: The probability of receiving annual effective internal exposure doses by the population increases sig-nificantly in autumn versus spring as a result of forest food products consumption like mushrooms, berries, gamemeat, etc.
