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BACKGROUND: Interleukin 6 (IL-6) encoded by the gene coded as IL 6 acts as a proinflammatory cytokine as well as an anti-inflammatory myokine. It is postulated that IL 6 is associated directly with the severity of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). Another domain that is thought to predict the severity of COVID-19 is the neutrophil:lymphocyte (N:L) ratio; a higher N:L ratio is postulated to be related to more severe outcomes. Thus, the present study was aimed to establish a correlation of COVID-19 with IL-6 in terms of clinical outcomes. We had also tried to find the relationship between IL-6 and N:L ratio and high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) score. METHODS: We have conducted a cross-sectional study of 200 patients who were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) positive for COVID-19 from January to May 2021. Serum IL-6, N:L ratio, and HRCT chest were conducted on admission. RESULT: Out of 200 patients who were admitted to the ICU with COVID-19, while the IL-6 was higher in patients with increased N:L ratio and HRCT score, the association of IL-6 with clinical outcomes in terms of discharged and expired was found to be statistically not significant. CONCLUSION: Serum IL-6 was found not to be a potent marker for clinical outcomes in ICU patients in terms of death vs survived. However, the IL-6 levels on admission can be correlated with the computed tomography (CT) severity scores as well as N:L ratio of patients admitted to an ICU. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Talwar D, Kumar S, Acharya S, Raisinghani N, Madaan S, Hulkoti V, et al. Interleukin 6 and Its Correlation with COVID-19 in Terms of Outcomes in an Intensive Care Unit of a Rural Hospital: A Cross-sectional Study. Indian J Crit Care Med 2022;26(1):39-42.
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BACKGROUND: The prevalence of anemia increases with age. Some serious underlying conditions may lead to anemia in the old age. The present study was undertaken to detect and do morphological typing of anemia and further delineate etiological factors in elderly patients. METHODS: In this hospital-based prevalence study carried out a tertiary care center over one and half years, a total of 90 patients were fully evaluated for etiology and typing of anemia in elderly (>60 years age) patients. Details of other significant medical and surgical history were noted. Laboratory investigations were conducted, which included complete hemogram, peripheral blood smear, reticulocyte count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate estimation, serum urea, serum creatinine and serum lactate dehydrogenase, bone marrow examination (with Prussian blue marrow iron staining), serum iron and serum total iron-binding capacity, serum ferritin, and stool and urine examination. RESULTS: The mean hemoglobin as per age was 60-64 years- 5.95 gm%, 65-69 years - 6.7 gm%, 70-74 years - 6.58 gm%, and 75-79 years - 6.87 gm%. The difference not being significant (p = 0.33). Morphologically, 53 patients (24 males and 29 females) had microcytic anemia, 27 (17 males and 10 females) had normocytic anemia, and 10 (8 males and 2 females) had macrocytic anemia. Anemia of chronic disease (ACD) was the most common occurrence (50, 55.56%), followed by iron deficiency anemia (IDA) (27, 30%), macrocytic anemia (9, 10%), and others 4 (4.44%). The cause of anemia was found in 10 out of 27 (37.03%) patients in the IDA group, 28 out of 50 (56%) in the ACD group, whereas the etiology was discernible in only one out of nine cases (11.1%) of macrocytic anemias. CONCLUSION: There was no significant difference observed in the mean hemoglobin levels as the age increased. Morphologically, the majority of the patients had microcytic anemia, followed by normocytic anemia. A population-based study is recommended for further assessment of the prevalence and causes of anemias in asymptomatic elderly subjects.
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BACKGROUND: The anemia not only negatively affects physical function but also the cognition, mood, and quality of life in adult patients due to hypoxic condition as per its severity. This study has been planned to investigate the cross-section association of anemia with cognitive function in neurologically intact patients. METHODS: In this study, a total 200 subjects were enrolled out of which 100 were cases and 100 age and sex matched controls. Mini-mental status examination (MMSE) and short portable mental status questionnaire (SPMSQ) scales were used to assess cognition in all the subjects. RESULTS: This study showed that there was a significant correlation between the anemia and the cognitive skills in the neurologically intact patients. CONCLUSION: The cognitive functions were strongly related to hemoglobin levels as seen by low MMSE score and higher SPMSQ error in those with low hemoglobin levels compared with those with higher hemoglobin levels.
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INTRODUCTION: Organophosphorus poisoning (OPP) is a major public health problem in developing countries like India. Leukocyte count is a simple and inexpensive test, and elevated count is associated with acute inflammation and increased oxidative stress-like OPP. This study was done to correlate the severity of acute OPP with leukocyte count and also to assess the prognosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective, observational clinical study was done on 80 patients suspected of OPP of age >15 years admitted to emergency unit at a tertiary rural teaching health-care center of Central India. Serum cholinesterase level and leukocyte count were estimated at the time of admission in all patients and severity of OPP was assessed according to Peradeniya organophosphorus poisoning (POP) scale. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 33.52 years (standard deviation [SD] 11.62) in males and 27.30 years (SD 7.33) in females. Among them, 57 (71.25%) were males and 23 (28.75%) were females. The severity of poisoning was directly correlated with serum cholinesterase level (P = 0.0001). Leukocyte count had a sensitivity of 60%, specificity of 76%, and negative predictive value of 85% if counts were more than 12,000 and 30% sensitivity, 95% specificity, and 80% negative predictive value if counts were more than 15,000 in predicting mortality in patients with OPP. CONCLUSION: Leukocyte count levels on admission can be used a prognostic marker in patients with OP poisoning.
