Ischemic Heart Disease with In-Stent Re-Stenosis with Complete Heart Block and Isolated Persistent Left Superior Vena Cava - Rare Case Report with Challenges and Clinical Implications.

ABSTRACT: Isolated persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) is a very rare congenital thoracic venous system anomaly and is commonly an incidental finding, usually detected during central venous access, cardiac catheterization, or cardiothoracic surgeries. This is a rare case report wherein the patient is a known case of ischemic heart disease with s/p percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) with a stent to left anterior descending (LAD) artery with in-stent re-stenosis presented with complete heart block and had an unanticipated discovery of isolated PLSVC on facing difficulty during the transvenous approach of permanent pacemaker implantation (PPI). In this case report, we inspect the challenges associated with and various clinical implications of isolated PLSVC.

The Efficacy of Montelukast in Reducing the Risk of Warning Signs and Subsequent Dengue Shock Syndrome in Adult Dengue Fever Patients.

BACKGROUND: Dengue fever continues to pose significant health challenges globally, with recent outbreaks in Bihar, India, prompting a search for effective therapeutic interventions. This study assesses the effectiveness of Montelukast, traditionally used for asthma, in mitigating the severity of dengue fever symptoms and its progression to dengue shock syndrome (DSS). OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of Montelukast on the prevalence of dengue warning signs and the incidence of DSS in adult patients. METHODS: A prospective observational study was conducted at the Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences (IGIMS), Patna, India, from August 2022 to October 2023, enrolling 500 patients diagnosed with dengue fever. Participants were divided into two groups. About 250 were treated with Montelukast and 250 received standard care. Outcomes measured included the incidence of warning signs, DSS, length of hospital stay, and 30-day mortality. RESULTS: The Montelukast group exhibited a 24% lower prevalence of dengue warning signs compared to the control group, with 90 out of 250 patients (36%) in the Montelukast group versus 150 out of 250 patients (60%) in the control group (p < 0.001). The incidence of DSS was significantly reduced in the Montelukast group, with 4 out of 250 patients (1.6%) compared to 21 out of 250 patients (8.4%) in the control group (odds ratio: 0.178, p < 0.001). Furthermore, Montelukast users experienced shorter hospital stays (average 4.52 days vs. 6.54 days, T-statistic: -7.59, p = 1.58×10-13) and a reduced 30-day mortality rate, with 5 out of 250 patients (2%) in the Montelukast group versus 12 out of 250 patients (5%) in the control group (p < 0.03). CONCLUSION: Montelukast significantly lowers the incidence of dengue warning signs and DSS, shortens hospital stays, and decreases mortality rates among dengue patients, supporting its potential integration into existing dengue treatment protocols. This study highlights the need for further clinical trials to confirm these findings and fully understand the therapeutic mechanisms of Montelukast in dengue management.

Pleural effusion guidelines from ICS and NCCP Section 1: Basic principles, laboratory tests and pleural procedures.

Pleural effusion is a common problem in our country, and most of these patients need invasive tests as they can't be evaluated by blood tests alone. The simplest of them is diagnostic pleural aspiration, and diagnostic techniques such as medical thoracoscopy are being performed more frequently than ever before. However, most physicians in India treat pleural effusion empirically, leading to delays in diagnosis, misdiagnosis and complications from wrong treatments. This situation must change, and the adoption of evidence-based protocols is urgently needed. Furthermore, the spectrum of pleural disease in India is different from that in the West, and yet Western guidelines and algorithms are used by Indian physicians. Therefore, India-specific consensus guidelines are needed. To fulfil this need, the Indian Chest Society and the National College of Chest Physicians; the premier societies for pulmonary physicians came together to create this National guideline. This document aims to provide evidence based recommendations on basic principles, initial assessment, diagnostic modalities and management of pleural effusions.

A von-Neumann-like photonic processor and its application in studying quantum signature of chaos.

Photonic quantum computation plays an important role and offers unique advantages. Two decades after the milestone work of Knill-Laflamme-Milburn, various architectures of photonic processors have been proposed, and quantum advantage over classical computers has also been demonstrated. It is now the opportune time to apply this technology to real-world applications. However, at current technology level, this aim is restricted by either programmability in bulk optics or loss in integrated optics for the existing architectures of processors, for which the resource cost is also a problem. Here we present a von-Neumann-like architecture based on temporal-mode encoding and looped structure on table, which is capable of multimode-universal programmability, resource-efficiency, phase-stability and software-scalability. In order to illustrate these merits, we execute two different programs with varying resource requirements on the same processor, to investigate quantum signature of chaos from two aspects: the signature behaviors exhibited in phase space (13 modes), and the Fermi golden rule which has not been experimentally studied in quantitative way before (26 modes). The maximal program contains an optical interferometer network with 1694 freely-adjustable phases. Considering current state-of-the-art, our architecture stands as the most promising candidate for real-world applications.

Assessment of the Smear Layer Removal Efficacy of Three Different Agents on Periodontally Compromised Tooth: An In Vitro Study.

AIM: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the smear layer removal efficacy of three various agents on periodontally compromised tooth. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The current study included 75 molar teeth that were extracted due to periodontal disease. After that, 25 samples were randomly assigned using a simple random technique to the three different agent groups, group A: Scaling and root planing (SRP) and application of SofScale agent, group B: SRP and application of QMix agent, group C: SRP and application of MTAD agent. Using a diamond circular saw, the treated portions were divided into horizontal and vertical halves. All samples were viewed under Scanning Electron Microscope. Every tooth was focused at the coronal third, middle third, and apical third portion with a magnification of 1000×. Data were recorded and statistically analyzed. RESULTS: The smear layer removal efficacy was more in the QMix agent (3.06 ± 0.04) group followed by MTAD agent (3.28 ± 0.09) and SofScale agent (4.14 ± 0.10) group on the root surface. On intra group comparison, there was a statistically significant difference found in all the intra group agents with all the three levels. On inter group evaluation, at coronal third, there was no significant difference found between the different agents. There was a significant difference found between the different agents at middle and coronal third. CONCLUSION: On conclusion, the current investigation found that, the root surfaces treated with QMix shown a greater ability to remove smear layers compared to tooth surfaces treated with MTAD and SofScale agent. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Conventional therapies such as SRP effectively eliminate calculus, plaque, and necrosed cementum; nevertheless, they leave behind a smear layer that could impede normal healing. In an effort to overcome this, root conditioning agents were applied on the root surface to remove the smear layer. The traditional root conditioning agents such as citric acid have certain disadvantages, though, such as an acidic pH that could harm the root surface. As a result, researchers have been looking for biocompatible root conditioning treatments that are more effective. How to cite this article: Singh DK, BS Raj H, Soans CR, et al. Assessment of the Smear Layer Removal Efficacy of Three Different Agents on Periodontally Compromised Tooth: An In Vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2024;25(2):156-159.

Efficient actinide sequestration with ionic liquid-based extraction chromatography resins containing Aza-crown ether functionalized diglycolamides.

Two new extraction chromatographic resins (ECRs) were prepared by impregnating two exotic diglycolamide (DGA) ligands (having three or four DGA moieties tethered to aza-crown ether scaffolds) dissolved in an ionic liquid onto an inert solid support. A room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) was used for enhancing the performance of the ECRs. The ECR containing triaza-9-crown-3 functionalized with three DGA moieties (TAM-3-DGA), and tetraaza-12-crown-4 tethered with four DGA arms (TAM-4-DGA) were evaluated for the separation of Am3+ and Pu4+from nitric acid solutions. The resin capacity for Eu3+ was 9.52 mg/g and 7.24 mg/g for TAM-3-DGA and TAM-4-DGA resins, respectively. Similarly, the resin capacity for Pu4+was 7.44 mg/g and 5.72 mg/g for TAM-3-DGA and TAM-4-DGA resins, respectively. These maximum loading values corresponded to the formation of a 1:1 metal/ligand complex for the Eu3+ ion and a 1:2 metal/ligand complex for the Pu4+ ion. The sorption of Eu3+and Pu4+on the resins followed a chemisorption phenomenon on both resins. The sorbed Eu3+and Pu4+ions from the resin phase could be efficiently desorbed with complexing ligands such as guanidine carbonate/HEDTA and oxalic acid, respectively.

A cross-sectional study of opinion about mental illness among undergraduate medical students with and without exposure to the psychiatry clinical rotation/postings during their undergraduate training.

Background: A positive attitude toward mental illness is a prerequisite for the provision of holistic care. Thus, a study was undertaken to know the opinion about mental illness among medical students with and without exposure to the psychiatry clinical rotation/postings during their undergraduate training. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted at Adichunchanagiri Institute of Medical Sciences (AIMS), Karnataka. The sample comprised medical undergraduate students with and without exposure to psychiatry clinical postings, respectively. Self-administered socio-demographic and opinion about mental illness (OMI) questionnaires were used to collect the data. Result: Medical undergraduates from 1st and 2nd years who were unexposed to psychiatry and students from 3rd and 4th years who had exposure to psychiatry constituted about 52.17% (n = 252) and 47.83% (n = 231) of the overall sample size. A positive opinion toward mental illness was seen across various subsections of OMI questionnaire, especially in students who had attended psychiatry clinical posting. Conclusion: Opinions can change based on one's experiences. A positive opinion toward mental illness was seen across medical undergraduate students who had completed psychiatry clinical postings in our study. The study provides valuable insights across various domains or areas wherein a teacher can focus and adjust the teaching methodologies accordingly. In the long run, it might have a positive influence on medical students to understand mental disorders, diagnose them, and manage patients with mental illness.

Highly efficient separation of Am(III) and Pu(IV) from lean feeds and soil using an extraction chromatographic resin containing a diglycolamide in an ionic liquid.

A TODGA based extraction chromatographic resin containing an ionic liquid was used for the separation of actinide ions such as Am3+ and Pu4+ from samples such as lean effluents emanating from laboratory waste, environmental water as well as soil samples adjacent to a nuclear plant site. The methodology involved feed adjustment to 3 M HNO3 followed by conditioning of the column, loading, washing (3 M HNO3), and elution of the actinide ions. The elution of Am3+ was done using EDTA in a buffered medium (1 M guanidine carbonate) while that of Pu4+ was carried out using a mixture of 0.5 M oxalic acid and 0.5 M HNO3. The elution peaks were sharp with almost no tailing suggesting the efficiency of the separation method. The results obtained were compared with the literature results which suggested the high efficiency of the present method.

Pulmonary function abnormality in patients recovered from Covid 19 pneumonia, in a tertiary care hospital in India.

Background: One of the most dreaded complications of COVID pneumonia is post-COVID residual lung fibrosis and lung function impairment. Objectives: To find out the extent and type of pulmonary function abnormality using spirometry, diffusion capacity, and 6-minute walk test and to co-relate with the clinical severity at the time of infection, in patients who have recovered from COVID19 pneumonia, in a tertiary care hospital in India. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective, cross-sectional study with a total 100 patients. Patients who have recovered from COVID pneumonia after one month of onset of symptoms and before 3 months who come for follow-up and have respiratory complaints undergo pulmonary function test will be recruited in the study. Results: In our study, the most common lung function abnormality detected was restrictive pattern in 55% of the patients (N = 55) followed by mixed pattern in 9% of patients (N = 9), obstructive in 5% of patients (N = 5), and normal in 31% of patients (N = 31). In our study, total lung capacity was reduced in 62% of the patients and normal in 38% of the patients and diffusion capacity of lung was reduced in 52% of the patients recovered from 52% of the individuals. Also, a 6-minute walk test was reduced in 15% of the patients and normal in 85% of the patients. Conclusion: Pulmonary function test can serve as an important tool in both diagnosis and follow-up of post-COVID lung fibrosis and pulmonary sequalae.

Non-insulinoma pancreatogenous hypoglycemia syndrome due to nesidioblastosis following bariatric Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.

A 56-year-old woman with past medical history significant for bariatric Roux-en-Y gastric bypass 3 years prior presented for evaluation of an 8-month history of severe hypoglycemia relieved by intake of carbohydrates associated with syncopal episodes. Inpatient workup revealed endogenous hyperinsulinemia concerning for insulinoma vs. nesidioblastosis. She successfully underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy (Whipple procedure), and pathology report confirmed scattered low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia within the pancreatic parenchyma consistent with nesidioblastosis. The patient has had satisfactory control of glucose levels 30 days out from surgery.

A comparative study on the uptake of lanthanides from acidic feeds using extraction chromatography resins containing N,N,N',N'-tetra-n-alkyl diglycolamides with varying alkyl chain lengths in an ionic liquid.

A comparative study on the uptake of several rare earth element (REE) ions viz. La(III), Ce(III), Pr(III), Nd(III), Sm(III), Gd(III) and Dy(III) was carried out from nitric acid feeds using four extraction chromatography resins which contained the diglycolamide (DGA) ligands, N,N,N',N'-tetra-n-alkyldiglycolamide with n-pentyl (TPDGA), n-hexyl (THDGA), n-octyl (TODGA) and n-decyl (TDDGA) groups taken in a room temperature ionic liquid (C4mim·NTf2). The uptake of the lanthanides followed the trend: La(III) < Ce(III) < Pr(III) < Nd(III) < Sm(III) < Gd(III) < Dy(III), which is similar to their ionic potential values and the uptake trend of the resins was TPDGA > THDGA > TODGA > TDDGA. The uptake of the metal ions was very high (>104 g/mL) for all the lanthanide ions and was found to increase with increasing nitric acid concentrations. Based on the encouraging batch data, column studies were carried out with all the four extraction chromatography resins with the lanthanide ions used in this work. The column studies were carried out with both individual lanthanide ions and their mixtures. While the loading studies were carried out with 80 mg/L solutions of the metal ions (with respect to each of those) in the mixture of REEs, the elution studies were carried out using a solution of 0.05 M EDTA in 1 M guanidine carbonate. For the column studies involving individual REEs, 550 mg/L solutions were used. The elution profiles appeared to be sharp as >95% elution of the metal ions was accomplished in only 3 mL of the eluent which amounted to only 1.6 bed volumes which is highly impressive. When the studies were carried out with the mixture of the lanthanide ions, the breakthrough of Dy(III) was last while that of La(III) was seen at much lower volumes which was dependent on the nature of the extractant in the resins.

A universal programmable Gaussian boson sampler for drug discovery.

Gaussian boson sampling (GBS) has the potential to solve complex graph problems, such as clique finding, which is relevant to drug discovery tasks. However, realizing the full benefits of quantum enhancements requires large-scale quantum hardware with universal programmability. Here we have developed a time-bin-encoded GBS photonic quantum processor that is universal, programmable and software-scalable. Our processor features freely adjustable squeezing parameters and can implement arbitrary unitary operations with a programmable interferometer. Leveraging our processor, we successfully executed clique finding on a 32-node graph, achieving approximately twice the success probability compared to classical sampling. As proof of concept, we implemented a versatile quantum drug discovery platform using this GBS processor, enabling molecular docking and RNA-folding prediction tasks. Our work achieves GBS circuitry with its universal and programmable architecture, advancing GBS toward use in real-world applications.

Radiation stability of two extraction chromatography resin materials containing substituted diglycolamide ligands in an ionic liquid.

The radiation stability of two extraction chromatography resins containing diglycolamide ligands viz. TPDGA (N,N,N',N'-tetra-n-pentyl diglycolamide) and TODGA (N,N,N',N'-tetra-n-octyl diglycolamide) in a room temperature ionic liquid (C4mim.NTf2) was studied by exposing to gamma rays from a 60Co source. The resins were irradiated to varying gamma ray dose up to 1000 kGy where both the dry resins and wet resins (containing a fixed amount nitric acid in contact) were used. The performance assessment of the resins was done by physicochemical characterization as well as uptake studies; both by batch as well as column methods. The physicochemical characterization of the resins was done using FTIR analysis while the surface morphology of the resins was carried out by scanning electron microscopy. The uptake of the metal ions, typically that of Am(III) and Eu(III), representing the trivalent actinides and lanthanides was studied by batch method. The dry resins and those in contact with nitric acid yielded nearly identical results suggesting minimal effect of the radiolytic products of nitric acid on the resin performance. There was negligible change in the Kd values up to an absorbed dose of 300 kGy beyond which there was sharp decrease. However, the Kd values were still quite large even after an absorbed dose of 1000 kGy. The column performance of the irradiated resins was also assessed by the uptake and elution of Eu(III) ion and though loading was affected, the elution behavior was found to have insignificant effect.

Impact of Prolonged Cold Ischemia Time on One Year Kidney Transplant Outcomes.

BACKGROUND: Prolonged cold ischemia times (CIT) of kidney allografts remains a significant reason for graft refusal in the new allocation system. We sought to investigate the effect of prolonged CIT on kidney transplant outcomes at a center without an international airport. METHODS: Retrospective study of kidney transplant patients treated at an academic medical center from January 1, 2018 to May 1, 2020. The 117 patients were divided into 2 categories. Fifty-four patients (46%) had CIT of 30-35.99 hours, and 63 (54%) had CIT of 36± hours. Kidney function was evaluated using creatinine and at 12 months, which was the primary endpoint. RESULTS: All of the transplanted allografts were carefully selected and had ≤ 20% glomerulosclerosis and an average kidney donor profile index of 54%. Among the 117 patients analyzed in this study, there was no significant difference in creatinine at 12 months between groups with CIT above 36 hours and < 35.99 hours (2.07 vs 1.78; P value .2339). There were a total of 18 rejection events (15%) and no cases of primary non-function in either group. Patients that were able to be maintained on calcineurin inhibitors had improved graft function at 12 months (1.69 vs 2.96; P value .0267). CONCLUSIONS: Our study indicated that prolonged CITs over 36 hours were not associated with poorer patient outcomes at 1 year when using creatinine as an endpoint. They also had similar rates of rejection, consistent with previously published rates for kidney transplantation.

Uncompetitive, adduct-forming SARM1 inhibitors are neuroprotective in preclinical models of nerve injury and disease.

Axon degeneration is an early pathological event in many neurological diseases. The identification of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) hydrolase SARM1 as a central metabolic sensor and axon executioner presents an exciting opportunity to develop novel neuroprotective therapies that can prevent or halt the degenerative process, yet limited progress has been made on advancing efficacious inhibitors. We describe a class of NAD-dependent active-site SARM1 inhibitors that function by intercepting NAD hydrolysis and undergoing covalent conjugation with the reaction product adenosine diphosphate ribose (ADPR). The resulting small-molecule ADPR adducts are highly potent and confer compelling neuroprotection in preclinical models of neurological injury and disease, validating this mode of inhibition as a viable therapeutic strategy. Additionally, we show that the most potent inhibitor of CD38, a related NAD hydrolase, also functions by the same mechanism, further underscoring the broader applicability of this mechanism in developing therapies against this class of enzymes.

On-chip beam rotators, adiabatic mode converters, and waveplates through low-loss waveguides with variable cross-sections.

Photonics integrated circuitry would benefit considerably from the ability to arbitrarily control waveguide cross-sections with high precision and low loss, in order to provide more degrees of freedom in manipulating propagating light. Here, we report a new method for femtosecond laser writing of optical-fiber-compatible glass waveguides, namely spherical phase-induced multicore waveguide (SPIM-WG), which addresses this challenging task with three-dimensional on-chip light control. Fabricating in the heating regime with high scanning speed, precise deformation of cross-sections is still achievable along the waveguide, with shapes and sizes finely controllable of high resolution in both horizontal and vertical transversal directions. We observed that these waveguides have high refractive index contrast of 0.017, low propagation loss of 0.14 dB/cm, and very low coupling loss of 0.19 dB coupled from a single-mode fiber. SPIM-WG devices were easily fabricated that were able to perform on-chip beam rotation through varying angles, or manipulate the polarization state of propagating light for target wavelengths. We also demonstrated SPIM-WG mode converters that provide arbitrary adiabatic mode conversion with high efficiency between symmetric and asymmetric nonuniform modes; examples include circular, elliptical modes, and asymmetric modes from ppKTP (periodically poled potassium titanyl phosphate) waveguides which are generally applied in frequency conversion and quantum light sources. Created inside optical glass, these waveguides and devices have the capability to operate across ultra-broad bands from visible to infrared wavelengths. The compatibility with optical fiber also paves the way toward packaged photonic integrated circuitry, which usually needs input and output fiber connections.

A conserved annexin A6-mediated membrane repair mechanism in muscle, heart, and nerve.

Membrane instability and disruption underlie myriad acute and chronic disorders. Anxa6 encodes the membrane-associated protein annexin A6 and was identified as a genetic modifier of muscle repair and muscular dystrophy. To evaluate annexin A6's role in membrane repair in vivo, we inserted sequences encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP) into the last coding exon of Anxa6. Heterozygous Anxa6gfp mice expressed a normal pattern of annexin A6 with reduced annexin A6GFP mRNA and protein. High-resolution imaging of wounded muscle fibers showed annexin A6GFP rapidly formed a repair cap at the site of injury. Injured cardiomyocytes and neurons also displayed repair caps after wounding, highlighting annexin A6-mediated repair caps as a feature in multiple cell types. Using surface plasmon resonance, we showed recombinant annexin A6 bound phosphatidylserine-containing lipids in a Ca2+- and dose-dependent fashion with appreciable binding at approximately 50 µM Ca2+. Exogenously added recombinant annexin A6 localized to repair caps and improved muscle membrane repair capacity in a dose-dependent fashion without disrupting endogenous annexin A6 localization, indicating annexin A6 promotes repair from both intracellular and extracellular compartments. Thus, annexin A6 orchestrates repair in multiple cell types, and recombinant annexin A6 may be useful in additional chronic disorders beyond skeletal muscle myopathies.

Highly efficient uptake of Europium (III) and Americium (III) from acidic feeds using extraction chromatography resins containing N,N,N',N'-tetra alkyl diglycolamides with varying alkyl chain length in an ionic liquid.

A comparative study on the uptake of Eu(III) and Am(III) was carried out using four extraction chromatography (XC) resins impregnated with constant weight of the tetra-n-pentyl diglycolamide (TPDGA) ligands, viz. tetra-n-hexyl diglycolamide (THDGA), tetra-n-octyl diglycolamide (TODGA) and tetra-n-decyl diglycolamide (TDDGA) along with C4mim·NTf2, a room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL), from nitric acid feed solutions. The uptake of Eu(III) was higher than that of Am(III) while the uptake trend with the four XC resins followed the order: TPDGA > THDGA > TODGA > TDDGA, which was opposite to the alkyl chain length attached to the DGA extractant. When constant moles of the extractants were used, the observed trend was TODGA > THDGA > TDDGA > TPDGA. Also, for all the four XC resins, the uptake of both Eu(III) and Am(III) ions increased with increasing nitric acid concentration. The uptake data with all the four resins were fitted into different kinetic and isotherm models which conformed to a pseudo-second order kinetics and Langmuir monolayer sorption isotherm. Furthermore, columns were prepared with these XC resins and were used to obtain breakthrough profiles using a feed solution containing 0.55 g/L Eu(III) in 3 M HNO3. Subsequently, the elution of the loaded metal ion from the column was accomplished with a strippant solution containing 1 M guanidine carbonate + 0.05 M EDTA in distilled water. Elution profiles for all the four resins showed sharp peaks with almost no tailing.

High fidelity epigenetic inheritance: Information theoretic model predicts threshold filling of histone modifications post replication.

During cell devision, maintaining the epigenetic information encoded in histone modification patterns is crucial for survival and identity of cells. The faithful inheritance of the histone marks from the parental to the daughter strands is a puzzle, given that each strand gets only half of the parental nucleosomes. Mapping DNA replication and reconstruction of modifications to equivalent problems in communication of information, we ask how well enzymes can recover the parental modifications, if they were ideal computing machines. Studying a parameter regime where realistic enzymes can function, our analysis predicts that enzymes may implement a critical threshold filling algorithm which fills unmodified regions of length at most k. This algorithm, motivated from communication theory, is derived from the maximum à posteriori probability (MAP) decoding which identifies the most probable modification sequence based on available observations. Simulations using our method produce modification patterns similar to what has been observed in recent experiments. We also show that our results can be naturally extended to explain inheritance of spatially distinct antagonistic modifications.

Highly efficient Plutonium(IV) uptake from acidic feeds using four extraction chromatography resins containing diglycolamides and ionic liquid.

Quantitative recovery of plutonium from lean effluents is one of the most challenging tasks for separation scientists. Four extraction chromatography (XC) resins containing substituted diglycolamide ligands viz. N,N,N',N'-tetra-n-pentyl diglycolamide (TPDGA), N,N,N',N'-tetra-n-hexyl diglycolamide (THDGA), N,N,N',N'-tetra-n-octyl diglycolamide (TODGA) and N,N,N',N'-tetra-n-decyl diglycolamide (TDDGA) and a room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) were tested for the extraction of plutonium (IV) from nitric acid feed solutions. The relative efficiency of uptake of the metal ion in the entire range of HNO3 studied was: TPDGA > THDGA > TODGA > TDDGA, which was opposite to the chain length of the attached alkyl groups. Also, for all the four XC resins the uptake of Pu(IV) was found to decrease with increasing nitric acid concentration in the lower acidity range followed by an increase thereafter. The uptake of Pu(IV) with all the four XC resins was fitted into different kinetic and isotherm models. It was found that all the four resins followed the pseudo-second order kinetic model and Langmuir monolayer adsorption model. Column studies with these XC resins using a loading solution containing 1.2 g/L Pu(IV) in 3 M HNO3 showed early breakthrough for the higher homolog DGA ligands as compared to the lower homologs. Effective elution of the loaded Pu(IV) from the column was done in about 5.5 column volumes using a solution containing 0.5 M oxalic acid in 0.5 M HNO3.