RESUMO
A systematic investigation was conducted in the present study to determine how various cations and anions affected the solubility of CO2. To investigate the influence of different cations and anions on the solubility of CO2, twelve ILs were synthesized, characterized, and utilized. These ILs comprised five distinct anions (dioctylsulfosuccinate [DOSS], triflouromethanesulfonate [TFMS], dodecylsulfate [DDS], 3-sulfobezoate [SBA], and benzene sulfonate [BS]), and four distinct cations (1-butyl-3-propanenitrile imidazolium [C2CN Bim], 1-hexyl-3-propanenitrile imidazolium [C2CN Him], 1-octyl-3-propanenitrile imidazolium [C2CN Oim], and 1-decyl-3-propanenitrile imidazolium [C2CN Dim]). The synthesized ILs were characterized using NMR and elemental analysis. Their moisture and halide contents were determined. The gravimetric method (MSB) was employed to determine the solubility of CO2 at various pressures (20, 15, 10, 5, and 1 bar). In addition, the effects of temperature on the solubility of CO2 were investigated. The constant of Henry's law (kH) was also calculated, along with thermodynamic properties including standard enthalpy (H0), entropy (S0), and Gibbs free energy (G0).
RESUMO
Lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (Li-TFSI) is an efficient p-dopant that has been used to enhance the conductivity of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the performance of the corresponding devices is still not satisfactory due to the impact of Li-TFSI on the fill factor and the short-circuit current density of these PSCs. Herein, a new Mn complex [(Mn(Me-tpen)(ClO4)2-)]2+ was introduced as a p-type dopant into spiro-OMeTAD and was successfully applied as a hole transport material (HTM) for PSCs. Analytical studies used for device characterization included scanning electron microscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy, current-voltage (IV) characteristics, incident photon to current efficiency, power conversion efficiency (PCE), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The UV-Vis spectra displayed oxidation in the HTM by the addition of a dopant. Moreover, the movement of electrons from the higher orbital of the spiro-OMeTAD to the dopant stimulates the generation of the hole carriers in the HTM, enhancing its conductivity with outstanding long-term stability under mild conditions in a humid (RH â¼ 30%) environment. The incorporation of the Mn complex into the composite improved the material's properties and the stability of the fabricated devices. The Mn complex as a p-type dopant for spiro-OMeTAD exhibits a perceptible PCE of 16.39% with an enhanced conductivity of 98.13%. This finding may pave a rational way for developing efficient and stable PSCs in real environments.
RESUMO
Hexagonal, carbon-based structures were prepared on bare and treated copper foil substrates by Chemical Vapor Deposition at 1075 áµC using a graphite box for limiting copper reactivity with hydrocarbon gases during growth reactions. Spectroscopic ellipsometry with a digital camera was used to collect the amplitude ratio and the phase of structures various spots. The amplitude ratio of hexagonal structures on copper substrates was collected based on substrate treatment type and thickness as well as reaction zone conditions and methane flow rates. Matched amplitude ratio was obtained only for 75 µm thick acetic acid copper foil substrates inside and outside the graphite box at a low methane flow rate of 0.2 sccm. Moreover, the amplitude ratio of 75 µm bare copper foil and 75 µm electro-polished copper foil substrates at methane flow rates of 0.2 - 0.3 sccm were unmatched. Ellipsometric parameters data use potential is assessment of graphene layer thickness on different surfaces. Data shows dependence of the amplitude ratio on the surface roughness of copper foil, gas concentrations and reaction zone conditions.