Regeneración ósea con fibrina rica en plaquetas en una cirugía apical / Bone regeneration with platelet-rich fibrin in apical surgery

Introducción: La fibrina rica en plaquetas es una membrana o coágulo de fibrina, que brinda gran cantidad de factores de crecimiento, leucocitos y citoquinas. Esta es una buena alternativa para promover una mejor cicatrización, además de potenciar otros biomateriales con el fin de condicionar una mejor regeneración y en un menor período de tiempo. Su fácil preparación y manipulación, a diferencia de otros preparados plaquetarios, hacen que pueda ser usada en la práctica clínica diaria. Objetivo: Mostrar el manejo de una cirugía apical con aplicación de fibrina rica en plaquetas y su resultado clínico. Presentación de caso: Paciente de sexo femenino, de 47 años, con absceso apical crónico a nivel del segundo premolar superior derecho. Radiográficamente se observó una lesión apical persistente, el instrumento fracturado en uno de los conductos radiculares, el material de obturación sobreextendido y retenedor intrarradicular. Se decidió realizar cirugía apical con obturación retrógrada y relleno óseo en combinación con fibrina rica en plaquetas. Resultados: El paciente evolucionó de forma favorable y se evidenció cicatrización ósea en desarrollo, sin complicaciones. Conclusiones: La utilización de fibrina rica en plaquetas, en combinación de relleno óseo durante la cirugía endodóntica, es una buena alternativa por sus propiedades de regeneración ósea(AU)

Introduction: Platelet-rich fibrin is a fibrin membrane or clot, which provides a large amount of growth factors, leukocytes and cytokines. This is a good alternative to help better healing, in addition to enhancing other biomaterials in order to condition better regeneration and in a shorter period of time. Its easy preparation and handling, unlike other platelet preparations, mean that it can be used in daily clinical practice. Objective: To show the management of an apical surgery with the application of platelet-rich fibrin and its clinical result. Case report: This is the case of a female patient, 47 years old, with chronic apical abscess at the level of the upper right second premolar. Radiographically, a persistent apical lesion was observed, the instrument fractured in one of the root canals, the obturation material overextended, and the intraradicular retainer. It was decided to perform apical surgery with retrograde obturation and bone filling in combination with platelet-rich fibrin. Results: The patient evolved favorably and evidenced bone healing in development, without complications. Conclusions: The use of platelet-rich fibrin, in combination with bone filler during endodontic surgery, is a good alternative due to its bone regeneration properties(AU)

Activation of dopamine D2 receptors attenuates neuroinflammation and ameliorates the memory impairment induced by rapid eye movement sleep deprivation in a murine model.

The proinflammatory state, which may be induced by sleep deprivation, seems to be a determining factor in the development of neurodegenerative processes. Investigations of mechanisms that help to mitigate the inflammatory effects of sleep disorders are important. A new proposal involves the neurotransmitter dopamine, which may modulate the progression of the immune response by activating receptors expressed on immune cells. This study aimed to determine whether dopamine D2 receptor (D2DR) activation attenuates the proinflammatory response derived from rapid eye movement (REM) sleep deprivation in mice. REM sleep deprivation (RSD) was induced in 2-month-old male CD1 mice using the multiple platform model for three consecutive days; during this period, the D2DR receptor agonist quinpirole (QUIN) was administered (2 mg/kg/day i.p.). Proinflammatory cytokine levels were assessed in serum and homogenates of the brain cortex, hippocampus, and striatum using ELISAs. Long-term memory deficits were identified using the Morris water maze (MWM) and novel object recognition (NOR) tests. Animals were trained until learning criteria were achieved; then, they were subjected to RSD and treated with QUIN for 3 days. Memory evocation was determined afterward. Moreover, we found RSD induced anhedonia, as measured by the sucrose consumption test, which is commonly related to the dopaminergic system. Our data revealed increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines (TNFα and IL-1ß) in both the hippocampus and serum from RSD mice. However, QUIN attenuated the increased levels of these cytokines. Furthermore, RSD caused a long-term memory evocation deficit in both the MWM and NOR tests. In contrast, QUIN coadministration during the RSD period significantly improved the performance of the animals. On the other hand, QUIN prevented the anhedonic condition induced by RSD. Based on our results, D2DR receptor activation protects against memory impairment induced by disturbed REM sleep by inhibiting neuroinflammation.

Negociar en un contexto de crisis económica / Negotiating in a context of economic crisis

La investigación realizada sobre negociación en los últimos 50 años solo ha considerado como esquema de investigación la negociación en un contexto económico estable. En este trabajo se analiza la negociación en contextos cambiantes, con dos vertientes, en la primera se estudian los procesos psicológicos que afectan a la negociación en un contexto cambiante, bien de bonanza o bien de crisis económica, en la segunda se estudia la negociación colectiva, profundizando en el papel de los representantes sindicales en un contexto de crisis económica. La primera línea de investigación es eminentemente experimental, la segunda es aplicada y basada en estudios de campo mediante entrevistas y grupos de discusión

The research on negotiation in the last 50 years has only considered that negotiation occurs in a stable economic environment. This paper analyses negotiation in changing contexts with a focus on two aspects: first, examining the psychological processes affecting negotiation in a changing environment, whether one of prosperity or economic crisis; second, collective bargaining is studied, focusing on the role of union representatives in a context of economic crisis. The first line of research is highly experimental; the second is applied and based on field studies using interviews and focus groups