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1.
rev. udca actual. divulg. cient ; 23(2): e1298, jul.-dic. 2020. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1157033

RESUMO

RESUMEN En Colombia, el departamento de Boyacá tiene uno de los mayores rendimientos de caña de azúcar (Saccharum spp.), para la producción de panela; sin embargo, los productores demandan constantemente la evaluación de material genético, que pueda aumentar los rendimientos por unidad de área y las características agroindustriales de los materiales tradicionales, de mayor dominio en la región. Con la finalidad de estimar los rendimientos de caña y de panela por hectárea, se evaluaron, a nivel experimental, los cultivares CC 01-1940, CC 99-2282, CC 05-940, CC 03-469, CC 06-791, en el municipio de Moniquirá, Boyacá. Posteriormente, se realizaron pruebas comerciales de molienda, con el mejor cultivar en Moniquirá y en San José de Pare, Boyacá, junto a los testigos de cada zona Caña Buena y RD 75-11, respectivamente. Experimentalmente, se destacó el cultivar CC 01-1940, con una producción de 183,3t/ha de caña (TCH), 24,2 toneladas de panela por hectárea (TPH), así como una conversión de 13,2% de panela (CP). En prueba comercial de molienda en San José de Pare, se encontró que CC 01-1940 alcanzó una producción de 221,9 TCH y 26,1 TPH, superando por más de 30 toneladas de caña y 5,2 toneladas de panela, al reporte alcanzado por RD 75-11. Para el municipio de Moniquirá, CC 01-1940 obtuvo 158,5 TCH, 18,5 TPH y 11,6% CP, superando al cultivar testigo Caña Buena.


ABSTRACT In Colombia, the department of Boyacá has one of the highest yields of sugar cane (Saccharum spp.) for panela production. However, producers constantly demand the evaluation of genetic material that could increase the yields per area and the agro-industrial characteristics of the traditional material of greater dominance in the region. In order to estimate cane and panela yields per hectare, cultivars CC 01-1940, CC 99-2282, CC 05-940, CC 03-469, CC 06-791 were evaluated experimentally in the municipality of Moniquirá, Boyacá. Subsequently, commercial milling tests were carried out with the best cultivar in Moniquirá and San José de Pare, Boyacá, together with the control materials from each zone, Caña Buena and RD 75-11, respectively. Experimentally, the cultivar CC 01-1940 stood out with a production of 183.3t/ha of sugarcane (TCH), 24.2 tons of panela per hectare (TPH), as well as a conversion of 13.2% of panela (CP). In a commercial milling test in San José de Pare, it was found that the cultivar CC 01-1940 had a production of 221.9 TCH and 26.1 TPH, surpassing by more than 30 tons of cane and 5.2 tons of panela, for what was reported by RD 75-11. For the municipality of Moniquirá, the cultivar CC 01-1940 obtained 158.5 TCH, 18.5 TPH and 11.6% CP, surpassing the cultivar Caña Buena.

2.
Heliyon ; 6(11): e05489, 2020 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33251360

RESUMO

In 2006, the presence of a pest in guava was detected for the first time in the Province of Vélez, Santander, Colombia, known as the bander worm. Research on the biology of this pest is scarce and no natural enemies have been registered. The aim of the study was to establish the taxonomy, life cycle, damage (distribution, incidence, and severity) and natural enemies of this pest to be used in future integrated management programs. This study was carried out between May 2013 and December 2014. The taxonomy and morphological descriptions of the life stages of the bander worm correspond to Carmenta theobromae ( Busck, 1910). The life cycle in the field was 120-150 days, with 2-3 generations per year: egg, 15-30 days; larva, 60 days; pupa, 25 days; adult, 10-30 days. In the laboratory, the life cycle was 90-110 days: egg, 10-20 days; larval stages 6-7, 50-60 days; pupa, 20-22 days; adult, 5-7 days. The incidence was 98% in 124 farms with 9.87 ± 1.94 infested trees in relation to 40.74 ± 5.52 observed trees (n = 4,970). Severity was moderate (n = 48). The damage involves the removal of the bark to reach the vascular cambium. Biological control associated with the parasitoids Brachymeria pedalis and Telenomus sp., the entomopathogens Lecanicillium lecanii, Beauveria bassiana and B. brongniartii, and the practices like weeding and pruning represent a potential control strategy.

3.
rev. udca actual. divulg. cient ; 21(2): 395-404, jul.-dic. 2018. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1094742

RESUMO

RESUMEN La caña de azúcar (Saccharum officinarum L.) es una fuente importante de carbohidratos para la panela. En Colombia, la principal región panelera está ubicada en la Hoya del Río Suarez; sin embargo, falta aún consolidar una producción suficientemente rentable, competitiva y amigable con el ambiente. Uno de los aspectos más determinante en la producción de panela es la nutrición mineral, debido a que, actualmente, se hace de forma convencional, desconociendo los niveles de extracción de los materiales genéticos utilizados. El objetivo fue determinar el requerimiento nutricional, producción de biomasa y productividad en segundo corte, en el municipio de Suaita (Santander). El diseño empleado fue bloques al azar (BCA), con 3 tratamientos (las variedades CC 93-7711, CC 93-7510 y RD 75-11) y 5 repeticiones. Se realizaron 4 muestreos, a los 118, 252, 335 y 392 días después de corte (ddc). Se observó que la mayor absorción de N, Ca y Mg ocurrió a los 335 ddc, mientras que para P y K, aconteció a los 392. Los nutrientes se acumularon, especialmente, en los tallos; la CC 93-7711 superó a las otras variedades, con una absorción total en kilogramos por hectárea, de 448 N, 296 K, 85 Ca, 43 P y 40 Mg, seguida por RD 75-11, que presentó, aproximadamente, 16% menos en N-K-Ca-P-Mg. El patrón de absorción de los nutrientes fue N>K>Ca>P>Mg y, referente a la productividad, se destacó RD 75-11, luego CC 93-7711 y CC 93-7510, con 172,6, 171,1 y 159,9 toneladas de caña por hectárea, respetivamente.


ABSTRACT Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) is a primary carbohydrates source for panela; in Colombia the main panela region is located in the Hoya del Rio Suarez, however, it has not been consolidated a production sufficiently profitable, competitive and environmentally friendly production. One of the most decisive aspects in the production of panela is mineral nutrition, due to the fact that it is currently done in a conventional way without knowing the levels of extraction of the genetic materials used. The objective was to determine the nutritional requirement, production of biomass and productivity in second cut in the municipality of Suaita (Santander), the design used was blocks at random, with 3 treatments (the varieties CC 93-7711, CC 93-7510 and RD 75-11) and 5 repetitions, 4 samplings were made at 118, 252, 335 and 392 days after cutting (ddc). It was observed that the highest absorption of N, Ca and Mg occurred at 335 ddc, while for P and K, occurred at 392 ddc; nutrients accumulated especially in the stems; CC 93-7711 outperformed the other varieties with a total absorption in kilograms per hectare of 448 N, 296 K, 85 Ca, 43 P and 40 Mg, followed by RD 75-11 that presented approximately 16% less in N-K-Ca-P-Mg, the nutrient absorption pattern was N>K>Ca>P>Mg and as for productivity, RD 75-11 stood out, then CC 93-7711 and CC 93-7510 with 172.6, 171,1 and 159.9 tons of cane per hectare, respectively.

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