Incidence, prevalence and consequences of illness in academy rugby league players.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the incidence, prevalence and consequences of illness in one professional academy rugby league club during an in-season period. DESIGN: Observational prospective cohort study. METHOD: Seventeen male rugby league players (age 17.7±0.7 years, stature 178.8±5.1cm, body mass 87.2±9.6kg) completed a weekly self-report illness questionnaire using an amended version of the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre (OSTRC) questionnaire on health problems. RESULTS: A total of 24 new illnesses were reported over the 25-week study period. 65% of players experienced at least one illness during the study. The incidence of illness in this cohort was 14.3 per 1000-player days, with the respiratory system being most commonly affected (n=15; 62.5%). The average weekly illness prevalence was 10.3%. Time-loss illness incidence was 1.4 per 1000-player days. Loss of body mass and sleep disruptions were the most commonly reported consequences of illness episodes. Mean body mass loss during a period of illness was 2.2±0.6kg. CONCLUSIONS: Academy rugby league players are most commonly affected by respiratory illness with a total of nineteen training and competition days lost to illness. Associated consequences of illness, such as loss of body mass and sleep disruptions may present a challenge and negatively impact a rugby league player's development. Appropriate medical provisions should be provided for Academy rugby league players to support them during periods of illness to limit the impact of these consequences.

Intervención farmacéutica en un caso de bradicardia asociada al uso de timolol por vía oftálmica / Pharmacist intervention in a case of bradycardia by ophtalmic timolol

Una paciente habitual de nuestra farmacia comunitaria nos consulta acerca de un cuadro de astenia, debilidad y fatiga de varias semanas de evolución. Tras realizar el estado de situación inicial y estudiar el caso detectamos varios problemas relacionados con medicamentos, siendo una marcada bradicardia el más acuciante. El estudio en detalle de la farmacoterapia de la paciente revela que la fracción de timolol absorbida tras su instilación ocular, que emplea para tratar su hipertensión ocular, podría ser responsable de una acusada disminución de su frecuencia cardiaca. Dicha bradicardia puede ser especialmente significativa en personas de edad avanzada y en individuos que, como consecuencia del polimorfismo de la enzima responsable del metabolismo de timolol, expresan un determinado genotipo con menor capacidad de biotransformación. Intervenimos indicando a la paciente la conveniencia de que su médico valorase otras opciones para el tratamiento de la hipertensión ocular. Tras una visita a urgencias por el agravamiento de los síntomas, se constata la bradicardia severa y el betabloqueante es sustituido por un tratamiento alternativo (latanoprost). La intervención farmacéutica resulta en la retirada de timolol, la remisión de los síntomas y en la resolución de dos problemas relacionados con medicamentos

A 78-year-old woman who is patient of our community pharmacy asked for our advice. She has been experiencing symptoms such as asthenia, weakness and fatigue for some weeks. The patient was interviewed and main data concerning her pharmacological treatment were collected in an assessment form. Several negative outcomes associated with her medication were detected from which bradycardia was the main matter of concern. A more detailed study of the case revealed that timolol eye drops, which our patient used to treat intraocular hypertension, were systemically absorbed and, thus, may cause adverse cardiovascular effects such as decreased heart rate. Bradycardia may be specially severe in aged persons, in cytochrome P450 CYP2D6 poor metabolizers and in patients taking concomitant enzyme inhibitors. Finally, we issued a report in which we strongly recommend the patient to seek medical advice from her primary care physician in order to find an alternative to timolol treatment. The patient visited the local hospital emergency unit because of an increase on her symptoms. After diagnosing severe bradycardia, a medical emergency team withdrew timolol eyedrops and prescribed an alternative treatment (latanoprost). A few days after our intervention heart rate was normal, initial symptoms were no present and two main negative outcomes associated with her medication had been solved

Cardiovascular health education intervention in the Prison of Soria.

OBJECTIVE: To promote awareness of healthy lifestyles, to help decrease the risk factors that cause cardiovascular disease, obesity, diabetes, hypertension and hyperlipidemia, through Health Education (HE). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between November and December 2014 in the prison of Soria, HE intervention in cardiovascular diseases was performed. Participation was offered to 160 inmates at the Prison. The intervention consisted of individual interviews with anthropometric assessment and review of medical records and three group sessions with theoretical and practical content of these diseases, as well as dietary recommendations, Mediterranean diet and exercise. Knowledge gained from surveys conducted for that purpose was evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 33 (21%) of 160. Average age 38.2 (35.2 to 41.3). PREVALENCE: Normal weight (BMI 18 to 24.9) 18 (54.5%), overweight BMI (25.0 to 29.9) 11 (33.3%), obesity (IBMI from 30) 4 (12. 1%). Cardiovascular risk (CVR) as ICC (waist hip ratio) 10 (30%) high risk, REGICOR 4 (12.1%) moderate risk. Relative risk of comorbidity in 2 (6.0%) had a slightly increased risk, 4 (12.1%) had increased risk. CONCLUSIONS: HE interventions are necessary and effective in modifying lifestyles. The calculation of CVT should serve to implement preventive measures to reduce the factors of cardiovascular risk.

Intervención de educación para la salud en enfermedades cardiovasculares en el Centro Penitenciario de Soria / Cardiovascular health education intervention in the prison os Soria

Objetivo: Fomentar el conocimiento sobre estilos de vida saludable, que ayude a disminuir los factores de riesgo, causantes de enfermedades cardiovasculares, obesidad, diabetes, hipertensión e hiperlipidemias, mediante la Educación para la Salud (EpS). Material y método: Entre noviembre y diciembre 2014 en el Centro Penitenciario (CP) de Soria, se realizó una intervención de EpS en enfermedades cardiovasculares. Se ofreció la participación a los 160 internos del Centro. La intervención consistió en entrevista individual con valoración antropométrica, revisión de historias clínicas y tres sesiones grupales, con contenido teórico-práctico sobre las enfermedades citadas, así como recomendaciones dietéticas, dieta mediterránea y ejercicio físico. Se valoraron los conocimientos adquiridos mediante encuesta elaborada para tal fin. Resultados: Participaron 33 internos (21% del total de internos). EM 38,2 años (35,2- 41,3). Prevalencia normo peso (IMC: 18 a 24,9): 18 internos (54,5%), sobrepeso (IMC: 25 a 29,9): 11(33,3%), obesidad (IMC> 30): 4 (12,1%). Riesgo cardiovascular (RCV) según ICC (Índice cintura cadera): 10 (30%) riesgo elevado, REGICOR 4 (12,1%) riesgo moderado. Riesgo relativo de comorbilidad 2 (6%) presentaban un riesgo ligeramente aumentado, 4 (12,1%) presentaba riesgo aumentado. Conclusiones: Las intervenciones en EpS son necesarias y efectivas en la modificación de estilos de vida. El cálculo de RCV ha de servir para poner en marcha medidas preventivas que disminuyan los factores de riesgo cardiovasculares (AU)

Objective: To promote awareness of healthy lifestyles, to help decrease the risk factors that cause cardiovascular disease, obesity, diabetes, hypertension and hyperlipidemia, through Health Education (HE). Material and Methods: Between November and December 2014 in the prison of Soria, HE intervention in cardiovascular diseases was performed. Participation was offered to 160 inmates at the Prison. The intervention consisted of individual interviews with anthropometric assessment and review of medical records and three group sessions with theoretical and practical content of these diseases, as well as dietary recommendations, Mediterranean diet and exercise. Knowledge gained from surveys conducted for that purpose was evaluated. Results: A total of 33 (21%) of 160. Average age 38.2 (35.2 to 41.3). Prevalence: Normal weight (BMI 18 to 24.9) 18 (54.5%), overweight BMI (25.0 to 29.9) 11 (33.3%), obesity (IBMI from 30) 4 (12. 1%). Cardiovascular risk (CVR) as ICC (waist hip ratio) 10 (30%) high risk, REGICOR 4 (12.1%) moderate risk. Relative risk of comorbidity in 2 (6.0%) had a slightly increased risk, 4 (12.1%) had increased risk. Conclusions: HE interventions are necessary and effective in modifying lifestyles. The calculation of CVT should serve to implement preventive measures to reduce the factors of cardiovascular risk (AU)